考研考博-英语-山东科技大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东科技大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

TheroleofAmericanwomen（）significantlyfromthetimethenationwasborn,tothemoderneraofthe1950sand1960s.

问题1选项

A.haschanged

B.hasbeenchanged

C.changed

D.hadbeenchanged

【答案】D

【解析】语法知识。根据句意可知，这里应该用过去完成时态，首先排除选项A和C；role与change之间为被动关系,所以选项D正确。

2.单选题

Itisapparentthatwinningthescholarshipis（）ofone’sintelligenceinthefieldofphysics.

问题1选项

A.parallelism

B.alliteration

C.testimony

D.rhythm

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析。parallelism平行，对应；alliteration头韵；testimony证词，证明；rhythm节奏，韵律。句意:获得奖学金应该是一个人智力的。故C项符合句意。

3.单选题

IfEnglandhadwontheRevolutionaryWar,thewholehistoryoftheEnglish-speaking

A

B

C

worldhadbeendifferent.

D

问题1选项

A.hadwon

B.the

C.English-speaking

D.hadbeen

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。if引导的虚拟语气，对过去情况假设，主句：主语＋would/should/might/couldhave＋动词过去分词，从句：had＋动词过去分词。

试题答案：D;wouldhavebeen

4.单选题

Toalleviatetheproblemofcontaminatedchicken,theexpertsrecommendthatthegovernmentshiftitsinspectionemphasisfromcursorybird-by-birdvisualchecktoamore______randomsamplingforbacterialandchemicalcontamination.

问题1选项

A.rigorous

B.perfunctory

C.symbolic

D.discreet

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项rigorous“严格的，严厉的；严密的；严酷的”；B选项perfunctory“敷衍的；马虎的；得过且过的”；C选项symbolic“象征的；符号的；使用符号的”；D选项discreet“谨慎的；小心的”。句意：为缓解鸡的污染问题，专家们建议政府把检查重点从走马观花式的肉眼检查改为进行更为______的对细菌和化学污染进行随机取样检查。根据shift“改变”可知，横线处应填一个与cursory“粗略的”意思相反的词。且由检查重点从肉眼检查到改进为对细菌和化学污染随机取样检查，可知检查推向深入，较以前更加严格，A选项rigorous“严格的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

Formanycountries,beingpartofaglobalsupplychainislikestrikingoil–oilthatmaynever（）.

问题1选项

A.runout

B.workout

C.turnout

D.callout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项runout“用完，耗尽”，B项workout“解决，算出”，C项turnout“结果是”，D项callout表示“唤起，出动”。句意：对于许多国家来说，成为全球供应链的一部分就像开采可能永远不会用完的石油。因此A项正确。

6.单选题

Oneoftheproblemstheyhavetodealwithisthe（

）ofplasticcontainers.

问题1选项

A.disposal

B.dissolution

C.disposition

D.disappearance

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项disposal“处理”；B选项dissolution“分解，溶解”；C选项disposition“性情，倾向”；D选项disappearance“消失”。句意：他们必须处理的问题之一是塑料容器的处理。选项A符合句意。

7.单选题

Therebelarmy（）thedemocraticgovernmentofthecountrylawlessly.

问题1选项

A.overthrew

B.overtook

C.overturned

D.overruled

【答案】A

【解析】同形词辨析题。overthrew“打倒；推翻”；overtook“追上；赶上”；overturned“推翻；倾覆”；overruled“驳回；否决”，根据rebelarmy“叛军”和lawlessly“非法地”可知此处应该是指叛军推翻了民主政府，所以答案从选项A和选项C之间选；overturn主要是指某种具体事物在位置上的颠倒，或者是指推翻某种已有的理论或者制度；overthrow主要是指用武力推翻某种制度或者机构，所以此处用overthrow比较恰当，故正确答案为选项A。

8.单选题

Astrophysicistswrestlingwiththestudyofanewkindofstar,theflat,‘two-dimensional”configurationsknownasaccretiondiskshaverecentlygainednewinsightsintothebehaviorofthesestars.Accretiondisksexistinavarietyofsituationswheremattersswirlaroundacompactstarsuchasawhitedwarfstaroraneutronstar.Accretiondisksarealsosuspectedofplayingapartinmoreexoticsituations,inwhichthecentralobjectisimaginedtobeasupermassiveblackhole,theultimateformofcollapsedmatter,ratherthanacompactstar.Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.Similarly,thebasicphysicsofthepowerbywhichaccretiondisksradiate,thoughttooriginateinaformofturbulentfriction,isknownonlyatthecrudestlevel.

AccretiondiskswerefirstdefinedinthecontextofCataclysmicvariables.Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.Theviscosityinthediskthusformedcausesheating,radiation,andaslowspiralingofdiskmatterontothesurfaceofthewhitedwarf.

TherapidadvancesmadeinX-rayastronomyinthepastdecadehaveidentifiedasecondtypeofsysteminwhichaccretiondisksoccur.Insuchasystem,anaccretiondiskwhirlsaboutaneutronstatratherthanawhitedwarf.Theinnerreachesoftheaccretiondiskextenddeeplyintothegravitationalpotentialoftheneutronstarwhereveryrapidmotionistherule.Theenergyreleasedbyfrictionandtheactualrainingofthematerialfromthediskontothesurfaceoftheneutronstarissogreatthatradiationisgivenoffinapowerfulfloodofx-rays.Andinatleastonecase,X-rayastronomersbelievethattheobjectinthecenterofanaccretiondiskisablackhole,suggestingthatathirdsystemmayexist.

Ithadbeenassumedthatportionsofaccretiondiskswouldbeunstableandthat,asaresult,clumpingoftheirmatterintoringswouldoccur.Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.Furtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.Abramowicz’workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcurrentscientificknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesofordinarystars?

3.ThepassagesuggeststhatAbramowicz’workwasmotivatedbywhichofthefollowingassumptions?

4.Accordingtothepassage,someaccretiondisksoriginatedin（

）.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesignificanceofAbramowicz'workisthatit（

）.

问题1选项

A.comparingAbramowicz’worktotheworkofearlierastrophysicists

B.Definingtheconditionsunderwhichaccretiondiskscanbeobserved

C.Providinginformationaboutaccretiondisksanddiscussingsignificantnewwork

D.Exploringthequestionofwhetherablackholecaneverbethecentralobjectofanaccretiondisk

问题2选项

A.Itspatternofdevelopmenthasbeenanalogoustothatofdevelopmentsinx-rayastronomy.

B.Ithascontributedtoamoreaccuratemodelingofordinarystars.

C.Itsroleintheexplanationofturbulentfrictionhasbeensignificant.

D.Itlagsbehindknowledgeofscalinglaws.

问题3选项

A.Thequantityofenergyreleasedbyaccretiondiskscanbeaslargeasitisonlyifthedisksarestable.

B.ImprovedtechniquesinX-rayastronomywouldrevealanyinstabilitiesoccurringinaccretiondisks.

C.Thelackofobservationalevidenceofinstabilitiesinaccretiondiskssuggeststhatpredictionsoftheiroccurrencemightbewrong.

D.Knownmethodsofobservingaccretiondisksurroundingcompactstarsandblackholesdonotpermittheobservationofthematterinaccretiondisks.

问题4选项

A.anincreaseinheatandradiationaroundanordinarystar

B.apowerfulfloodofx-raysemittedbyaneutronstar

C.theturbulentfrictiononthesurfaceofacompactstar

D.Theaccumulationofmatterremovedfromanordinarystar

问题5选项

A.suggestsaresolutionofadiscrepancybetweenatheoreticalpredictionandactualobservation

B.opensanewareaforexplorationinthefieldofx-rayastronomy

C.provesthatscalinglawscannotbeappliedtoaccretiondisks

D.proposesanewsystemofclassificationofstars

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一句为中心句，根据“Astrophysicistswrestlingwiththestudyofanewkingofstar,theflat,‘two-dimensional”Configurationsknownasaccretiondiskshaverecentlygainednewinsightsintothebehaviorofthesestars.天体物理学家们正在努力研究一种新的恒星之王——扁平的“二维”吸积盘，最近对这些恒星的行为有了新的认识。”确定本文主要介绍吸积盘及最新研究。C选项符合题意。

2.根据文章第一段倒数第二句“Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.吸积盘的建模仍处于初级阶段，类似于普通恒星使用基本尺度定律建模的日子，而不需要了解恒星的核反应过程。‘确定B选项‘它有助于对普通恒星进行更精确的建模。‘正确。选项A,C不符作者suggest的意思，D项表达表达有误，作者只是用吸积盘建模和普通星体在元素标度律建模方面两者具有一致性而没有比较两者之间是谁落后谁的问题。

3.根据文章倒数第二段头两句TherapidadvancesmadeinX-rayastronomyinthepastdecadehaveidentifiedasecondtypeofsysteminwhichaccretiondisksoccur.Insuchasystem,anaccretiondiskwhirlsaboutaneutronstatratherthanawhitedwarf.在过去的十年里，x射线天文学的快速发展已经确定了吸积盘发生的第二种类型的系统。在这样的系统中，一个吸积盘围绕一个中子stat旋转，而不是一个白矮星。，即Abramowiczhasshownthatindicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur,理论与实际的不相符合，即可选出正确答案为C选项’由于缺乏关于吸积盘不稳定性的观测证据，这表明对其发生的预测可能是错误的。‘符合题意。A，D选项表达没有错误，但不符合作者的suggest；B选项表述错误。

4.根据文章第二段第二句:“Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.在这些系统中，来自普通恒星外层的物质受到附近环绕白矮星的引力影响而被吸引，普通恒星失去的物质不能直接撞击微小白矮星的表面，而是进入围绕恒星的轨道。”确定D选项正确。

5.文章最后一句“Abramowicz’workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.阿布拉莫维奇的工作是一个很有价值的例子，说明在得出关于吸积盘的结论之前必须小心谨慎。”表明Abramowicz是理论与实际不符的，所以A选项‘建议解决理论预测与实际观测之间的差异‘符合题意。

9.单选题

JustimaginetheshockofthePrimeMinisterwhenthreeofhisseniorcabinetcolleagues（

）andresignedinprotestonFridaynight.

问题1选项

A.revolved

B.resolved

C.revived

D.revolted

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析题。根据句意‘试想一下，当他的三个高级内阁同僚都在周五晚上向他递交了辞呈并进行抗议，这对这位首相的打击有多大。’可知这里应选与resignedinprotest“辞职抗议”为并列关系的动词。A选项revolve“旋转”;B选项resolve“解决”；C选项revive“使复活，使恢复”;D选项revolt“反叛，起义”。D选项的revolted与protest相对应，D选项正确。

10.单选题

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschoolCognitiveresearchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.

Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparkscreativityingrade-schoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNeward.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,lienotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.

Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

1.Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward（）.

2.Whatistheresponseofmanyeducatorstoexternalrewardsfortheirstudents?

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbestraisestudents'creativityaccordingtoRoberEisenberger?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve（）.

5.Thephrase“tokeneconomies”(Line1，Para5)probablyrefersto（）.

问题1选项

A.thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragement

B.theamountofmonetaryrewardsforstudent'screativity

C.thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences

D.theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudentsperformance

问题2选项

A.Theyhavenodoubtsaboutthem

B.Theyhavedoubtsaboutthem

C.Theyapproveofthem

D.Theyavoidtalkingaboutthem

问题3选项

A.Assigningthemtaskstheyhavenotdealtwithbefore

B.Assigningthemtaskswhichrequireinventiveness

C.Givingthemrewardstheyreallydeserve.

D.Givingthemrewardstheyanticipate.

问题4选项

A.rewardingpoorperformancemaykillthecreativityofstudents

B.punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewarding

C.failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandards

D.discouragingthestudent’santicipationforeasyrewardsisamatterofurgency

问题5选项

A.waystodevelopeconomy

B.systemsofrewardingstudents

C.approachestosolvingproblems

D.methodsofimprovingperformance

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一句话“Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,aflectmotivationandcreativity”可知，心理学家对于外部奖励（不论是精神鼓励还是物质奖励）如何影响动机和创造力持对立观点。因此，心理学家因“外部奖励对学生行为的影响持不同态度”而分成两派。本题正确答案为D项。

2.推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了Behaviorists和Cognitiveresearchers的两种不同观点。而由文章第二段第一句话Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.可知，后者的观点，也就是Cognitiveresearchers获得了很多的支持，尤其是在教育工作者中。他们认为奖赏会摧毁创造力。因此，大多数教育工作者对给予学生的外部奖励持否定态度。正确答案为B项。

3.推理判断题。在文章第三段中，theUniversityofDelaware的RobertEisenberger表述了自己对于奖励机制的观点。他认为如果孩子们知道是为得到奖励而学习，并能专注完成相对有挑战性的任务，他们就会表现出最大的创造性。但如果对表现不好的孩子也给予奖励，或者让他们对奖励有过分的期待，那么就很容易扼杀他们的创造力。因此，只有奖励该得奖励的孩子，才能发挥其创造性，正确答案为C项。

4.推理判断题。题干：大学正试图严格评分标准是因为他们认为什么？由文章第四段Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.可知，重点大学加强分级标准是因为“thelatterpoint”，也就是第三段中提及的it’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards这一观点，因此A项符合题意。

5.考查词汇题。分析tokeneconomies后的定语从句inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity.可知，在这种机制下，学生能解决富有挑战性的任务并且获得奖励，这将有望提高学生的努力度和创造性。因此，本题正确答案为B项“奖励学生的机制”。

11.单选题

Inmodernsociety,peoplehavemoreandmoreanxietyindailylifeaswellasinworkbecauseofthe（）ofthecitylife.

问题1选项

A.speed

B.rhythm

C.velocity

D.tempo

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:speed“速度；快速”；B:rhythm“节奏”；C:velocity“速率”；D:tempo“［乐］速度，拍子”。句意：在现代社会，由于城市生活的节奏，人们在日常生活和工作中都有更多焦虑。结合此处语境，B为正确答案。

12.单选题

Mr.Bloomisnot____now,buthewillbefamoussomeday.

问题1选项

A.significant

B.dominant

C.magnificent

D.prominent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析与上下文语义。A选项significant“明显的，意义重大的”；B选项dominant“占优势的；显性的，生物专业名词”；C选项magnificent“壮丽的，宏伟的，值得赞扬的”；D选项prominent“著名的，重要的，杰出的”。句意：虽然布朗（Bloom）先生现在不____，但他总有一天会出名的。根据后一个分句推断，前一个分句是说布朗先生现在不出名。D选项最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

13.单选题

Sinceyouareunhappywiththisjob,Irecommendthatyou___assoonaspossible.

问题1选项

A.resigned

B.willresign

C.couldresign

D.resign

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.resigned辞职B.willresign辞职

C.couldresign辞职D.resign辞职

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】这里考查recommend的用法。sb.recommendthatsb.(should)dosth.表示建议某人做某事。这里的should可以省略。因此D选项resign正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项搭配错误。

【句意】既然你对这份工作不满意，我建议你尽快辞职。

14.单选题

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual（

）manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.

问题1选项

A.acquires

B.achieves

C.gains

D.retains

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。acquire意为“获得，取得”，指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等；achieve意为“取得”，指成就、目标、幸福的取得；gain意为“获得”，指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；retain意为“保持，保留”。

句意：正是通过学习，个人才能获得处理各种情况的习惯做法。

15.翻译题

Arecentphenomenoninthechoiceofcareersonthepartofthecollegegraduatesistheincreasingtrendtowardsbigcompanies.Fewareinterestedinresearchfields.Thisisanunavoidableprobleminamaterialisticsociety,wheretemptingsalariesandfringebenefitsareofferedbybigcompaniestocompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Ontheotherhand,asmanybigenterprisesandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateeconomicresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlongrangeresearch,thereisasteadyshiftofscientistsandresearchersfromthepureresearchtotheappliedfield,wheretherearemorejobsavailablewithbettersalaries.Allthishasnotonlyseriouslyinfluencedyoungpeople’sviewonthechoiceofcareers,butoneducationaswell.Manycollegeteachersdeplorethatfewerandfewerstudentsthesedaysacquireknowledge.

【答案】最近在高校毕业生择业问题上出现了一种倾向,这就是毕业生越来越青睐大公司,很少有人愿意到研究单位。在物欲横流的社会里,这是一个不可避免的问题。学生还没有走出校门,大公司便在竞相聘用他们,向他们提供诱人的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面,由于许多大企业,甚至包括一些政府部门往往看重直接经济效益,而相对来说对长期的理论研究不感兴趣,所以科研人员不断从纯理论研究领域流向实用工业。因为在那里工作要比研究领域里好找,工资往往也高。这些情况不仅严重影响青年人的择业观,而且还影响了教育。许多教师哀叹,现在单纯为了学知识而学习的学生越来越少了。

16.单选题

CharlesWeiss,programdirectorofscienceandinternationalaffairsatGeorgetownUniversityinWashingtonD.C.,wasthebank’sscienceadviserintheearly1980s.hebelievesthislatestattempttogetthebankthinkingaboutsciencehasmorechanceofsucceedingthanhisownefforts.This,hesays,ispartlybecausetheyhavethesupportofseniorexecutives,particularlyJamesWolfensohn,thebank’spresident,andpartlybecausethebankisnowbeentopromoteknowledge-baseddevelopment.

Unusuallyforalendinginstitution,theWorldBankpossessesworld-classexpertiseontheprojectsandtheregionswhereitlendsmoney.Ofits8000staff,3000haveaPhD-levelqualification,andmanyofthesearetop-rankedresearchersheadhuntedfromuniversities.Thequantityandqualityofthebank'sresearchisconsistentlyhigh.

Butthismoreanalyticalaspectofthebank’sworkhasalwaysbeenovershadowedbyitslendingarm-knownasoperations—whichhasgenerallyconsideredresearchtobeafunctionoflending,ratherthananactivityinitsownright.In1987,halfoftheresearchstaffweresenttoworkoperations.

Thistensionbetweentheresearchandlendingwingsremains,andisoneofseveralchallengesthatwillneedtobeovercomeifthenewstrategyistobearfruit.Inparticular,theneedforanewdepartmentforscienceisbeingquestionedbysomewhodonotwanttoseescienceconfinedtoaghettoandthinkitshouldbepartofthelendingportfolioofallofthebank'sdepartments.

Someoperationsstaffhaveyettobeconvincedofthemeritsofraisingthebank’sresearchprofileorfundingresearchindevelopingcountries.Theybelievethatmoreattentionshouldbepaidtoconventionalinfrastructureneedsinpoorercountrieswhich,becauseoflowcreditratings,willhavelittleaccesstoprivatecapital.

Thereactionfromdevelopingcountrieswillbeanimportanttestofthenewstrategy.TherichercountriesofSoutheastAsia,LatinAmerica,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEastarelikelytobemorereceptivethanpoorercountries,particularlyinsub-SaharanAfrica,wherethebankisnotpopular,andwherealmost50percentofbank-assistedprojectshavefailedduringthisdecade.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtoParagraph1?

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat().

3.Oneofthechallengesforraisingthehank’sresearchprofileliesin().

4.Theword“infrastructure”(Paragraph5)mostprobablyrefersto().

5.Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe().

问题1选项

A.TheWorldBankusedtoattachimportancetoresearchintheearly1980s.

B.Thebank’sseniorexecutivesareinfavorofCharlesWeiss’spromotion.

C.Thebankisnowkeentoestablishanewdepartmentforscience.

D.JamesWolfensohnisthinkingaboututilizingthebank’sresearchresources.

问题2选项

A.top-rankedresearcherswereeagertoworkinoperations

B.thelendingwingisreluctanttoconsiderresearchasanindependentactivity

C.thenewstrategyhashadasuccessfulresultinsomedevelopedcountries

D.sciencehaslongbeenovershadowedbecausethebank’sresearchworkwasnotefficient

问题3选项

A.lackofinvestmentinscience

B.thereactionfromseniorexecutives

C.thelendingwing’snegativeattitude

D.lowcreditratings

问题4选项

A.thebasicfacilities,services,andinstallations

B.theinterrelationorarrangementofpartsinacomplexentity

C.anunderlyingbaseorfoundation

D.somethingconstructed

问题5选项

A.ResearchPortfoliooftheWorldBank

B.ANewStrategyoftheWorldBank

C.TensionbetweenTwoWings

D.LendingOperationsinDevelopingCountries

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“hebelievesthislatestattempttogetthebankthinkingaboutsciencehasmorechanceofsucceedingthanhisownefforts.”他相信,这一使银行思考科学的最新尝试比他自己的努力更有可能成功。说明银行想要建立一个新的科学部门。选项C符合原文。选项B高管不是支持Charles的晋升,而是支持他的研究,所以表述错误。选项A和D在第一段没有提及。

2.选项A文中只提到“In1987,halfoftheresearchstaffweresenttoworkoperations.”一半的研究人员被派往业务部门工作,并没有提到是他们想去的,所以表述错误；根据最后一段的内容可知,发展中国家的反应将是对新战略的重要考验。因为在相对贫穷的国家,近50%的世行援助项目在这十年中都失败了。所以选项C错误；根据第三段的第一句“Butthis...byitslendingarm-knownasoperations”不是因为研究工作的效率不高,而是因为业务部门认为研究是贷款的一种功能,而不是一项独立的活动。所以选项D错误,选项B正确。

3.根据第五段的最后一句“becauseoflowcreditratings,willhavelittleaccesstoprivatecapital.”因为这些国家的信用评级较低,很难获得私人资本。选项D正确。。

4.infrastructure指基础的设施设备和服务,选项A正确。

5.文章主要讲的是世界银行的新战略以及战略目前面临的困境,选项B符合原文。选项C描述太广泛,不是很恰当。选项A和D都是小片段,所以也不正确。

17.单选题

Heattendstothe（

）ofimportantbusinesshimself.

问题1选项

A.transaction

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。transaction“交易，业务”；transition“过渡，转变”；transmission“传送，播送”；transformation“转换”。句意：他亲自参与重要的商务会议。选项A符合题意。

18.单选题

Itseemsverydifficult______.

问题1选项

A.tostopthechildtocry

B.stoppingthechildtocry

C.stopthechildcrying

D.tostopthechildcrying

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.tostopthechildtocry去阻止孩子哭B.stoppingthechildtocry阻止孩子哭

C.stopthechildcrying阻止孩子哭D.tostopthechildcrying去阻止孩子哭

【答案】D

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】根据关键词difficult（困难的）可知，difficulttodosth.是固定搭配，表示“做某事是困难的”，而stopdoing/todosth.也是固定搭配，但是stopdoingsth.表示“停止正在做的事情”，stoptodosth.是“停止正在干的事情去干另一件”；根据选项意思可知，空格处应该表示“阻止孩子哭”。因此，该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】

B、C项不符合固定搭配；

A项不符合句子意思。

【句意】似乎很难让这孩子不哭。

19.单选题

Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything（

）goingonintheworld.

问题1选项

A.itis

B.asis

C.thereis

D.whatis

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知“……goingonintheworld”为定语从句修饰先行词everything，且关系代词that可省，所以选用therebe句型，表示“世界上正在发生的”。句意：没有人有时间去读或去听关于这个世界正在发生的所有事情

20.单选题

Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthas（）aseriesofpolicies.

问题1选项

A.reserved

B.issued

C.delivered

D.expressed

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：为确保经济的持续发展，政府出台了一系列政策。选项B符合句意。

21.翻译题

Readingisnotsimplyanintellectualpursuitbutanemotionalandspiritualone.Itlightsthecandleinthehurricanelampofself;that’swhyitsurvives.TherearebookclubsandbookWebsitesandbooksontapeandbookonline.Therearestillmillionsofpeoplewholikethepaperversion,atleastfornow.Andi£thatchanges-well,whatisabook,really?Isititsbody,