北京海淀区期中考试英语阅读D篇解析 讲义

上学期北京海淀区期中考试英语阅读D篇解析讲义（原文）Humanshavelonggainedpleasurefromthesmellsofthenaturalworld.Forthemostpart,though,humanbeingsarenottheirtargetmarket.Forplants,fragrancesareawaytointeractwithinsectsandotheranimals.Theirattractionforpeoplehappenssimplybychance.humans之于thesmellsofthenaturalworld，长久以来，前者从后者获取快乐（pleasure）。此处咱们可以借助王安石的“遥知不是雪，为有暗香来”展开想象。Plants之于fragrances，后者是前者和昆虫与其他动物互动的方式。咱们可以通过杜甫的“留连戏蝶时时舞”和韦庄的“戏蝶游蜂花烂熳”加以想象。尽管人类从自然世界的味道中获得愉悦，humanbeingsarenottheirtargetmarket，但人类不是它们的目标所在。Theirattractionforpeoplehappenssimplybychance，香味对人的吸引只是偶然发生。由此可知本文分为两部分：plants之于fragrances；humans之于thesmellsofthenaturalworld。接下来，作者又如何展开每一部分？又如何把二部分有机结合在一起？（原文）Inchemicalterms,mostnaturalfragrancesaremadeupofvolatiles-socalledbecauseoftheirtendencytochangestatessuddenly.Volatilesevaporateeasily,driftingintonoses.Inplants'reproductiveprocesses，smellyvolatilesattractpollinators（授粉昆虫）.Buttheirnaturalapplicationsaremuchmorevaried.IfaninsectchewsthroughtheleavesofsomeBurseraplants,outshootsasticky,smellyliquidtotrapit.Coyotetobaccoplantsareevencraftier:uponsensingthesmellofhungrycaterpillars,theyproducevolatilesthatattractpredatorstokillthepests.Inchemicalterms,mostnaturalfragrancesaremadeupofvolatiles,

用化学术语，定义天然香料，也即，大部分香料是由挥发物质构成。Buttheirnaturalapplicationsaremuchmorevaried，承前启后。naturalapplicationsofmostnaturalfragrances在于：attractpollinators（吸引授粉昆虫）；outshootsasticky,smellyliquidtotraptheinsect（向外射出粘稠难闻的液体用于捕捉昆虫）；producevolatilesthatattractpredatorstokillthepests（产生挥发物以吸引捕食者来杀死害虫）。（原文）Whatistrulyamazingisjusthowwilyplantscanbeinusingtheirscentsforreproduction.Whiteflowersoftenemittheirscentatnighttoattractnocturnalpollinatorssuchasmoths.Theyproduceadilutenectar（稀释的花蜜）thatencouragesmothstokeepmoving，ratherthanlingeratasinglebloom-allthebettertoincreasepollination.Otherflowerschangetheirfragranceafterbeingsuccessfullypollinated,asasignalforinsectstogoelsewhere.Whatistrulyamazingisjusthowwilyplantscanbeinusingtheirscentsforreproduction，植物运用气味便于繁殖的足智多谋令人吃惊。通过该段剩余内容可知，该句统领全段，且和第一自然段为并列平行关系。言及howwilyplantscanbeinusingtheirscentsforreproduction，作者通过whiteflowers和otherflowers的例子加以详述。就whiteflowers

而言，theyemittheirscentatnighttoattractnocturnalpollinatorssuchasmoths，夜间释放香味以吸引蛾子等夜行授粉者。这还算不上wilyorcrafty，让人惊叹不已的则是produceadilutenectarthatencouragesmothstokeepmoving，ratherthanlingeratasinglebloom-allthebettertoincreasepollination，白花产生一种稀释的花蜜使得蛾子保持来回移动，而非逗留在一朵花上，此举在于尽可能增加花粉传授。otherflowers与此同理。（原文）Butthough“Scent"isastoryofplants'cleverness,itisalsoataleofthehumankind.Peoplehavelongusedfragrancesfortheirownpurposes,particularlyforuseinreligiousceremonies:perfumerecipesonthewallsofanEgyptiantempleinEdfudemonstratejusthowlongingredientshavebeenmixedinpursuitofthebestblend.Sohighlyprizedweresomescentsthat,toscareoffcompetitors,Arabtradersspreadalegendaboutgianteaglesthatguardedcinnamon（肉桂）.Butthough“Scent"isastoryofplants'cleverness,itisalsoataleofthehumankind为全文转折点，巧妙地过渡到人类智慧运用香味。也有机地把scent之于plants'cleverness和humankind结合在一起。注意此句中的story和tale经典表述。首先看看古人之于香味的智慧和故事。一方面，fragrancesparticularlyforuseinreligiousceremonies，也即专门运用于宗教仪式中香味。perfumerecipesonthewallsofanEgyptiantempleinEdfudemonstratejusthowlongingredientshavebeenmixedinpursuitofthebestblend，埃及Edfu一座庙宇墙上的香水配方展示出，在追求最佳融合中，香水中各种配料混合所需时间长短。再有，Arabtradersspreadalegendaboutgianteaglesthatguardedcinnamon，因为一些香味的价值如此之高，为了吓退竞争对手，阿拉伯的贸易商（杜撰并）传播巨鹰守护肉桂的传说。此例让笔者想到各种神话故事，哪种宝物的获得不是（故事中的）主角历经万阻千难。（原文）Eventuallyscientistsnolongerneedednaturalsourcesforfragrances.In1866afragrancemoleculewasproducedforthefirsttime.Sixteenyearslater,HooliganParfumreleasedFougèreRoyale,thefirst“modernfantasyperfume"thatcreatesanimaginaryscentratherthancopyinganaturalone.Nowadaysfragrance-makingisdominatedbyman-madecompounds,whichcanbereliablyandaffordablyproducedinlargequantities.如果说上一自然段中的scent来源于自然，那么该段中的scentorfragrance则nolongerneedednaturalsources，也即科学家们不再需要自然资源而获取香水或香气。该段主讲人工合成香水的前世今生。In1866afragrancemoleculewasproducedforthefirsttime，1866年香味分子首次被生产出来；Sixteenyearslater,HoubigantParfumreleasedFougèreRoyale,thefirst“modernfantasyperfume"thatcreatesanimaginaryscentratherthancopyinganaturalone，十六年之后，第一款能够产生想象力而非拷贝自然的“现代想象香水”发布。再来看看fragrance-making的当前现状。fragrance-makingisdominatedbyman-madecompounds,whichcanbereliablyandaffordablyproducedinlargequantities，香味制作主要是大批量生产的可靠且廉价的人工合成物。（原文）Thathasledtothemassproductionofsmellyproducts,fromtoiletpapertotoothpaste.Scentisaccordinglybigbusiness.Itissaidthataworld-famousfragranceandflavormanufacturerthatclaimspeopleinteractwithitsproductsupto30timesaday,hadsalesof€3.8bnlastyear.该段仍基于上一自然段并延伸。科学上的很多发明大都走向市场，并进一步走进人们的日常生活。Thathasledtothemassproductionofsmellyproducts,fromtoiletpapertotoothpaste，也即fragrance-makingisdominatedbyman-madecompounds导致香味产品如厕纸到牙膏等大批量生产。Scentisaccordinglybigbusiness，因此，香味也就成了一门大生意。aworld-famousfragranceandflavormanufacturerthatclaimspeopleinteractwithitsproductsupto30timesaday,hadsalesof€3.8bnlastyear，作为例证，支撑Thathasledtothemassproductionofsmellyproducts和

Scentisaccordinglybigbusiness。答案解析：31.AccordingtoParagraph1and2,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Someplantsmightkillthepestswiththeirsmells.B.Fragranceisatoolforplantstoprotectthemselves.C.Peopleinteractwithnatureeasilythroughfragrance.D.Fragrancesarelessimportanttohumansthantoanimalsandinsects.解析：该题答案选B，判断信息为第二自然段。首先排除C和D，非为一二自然段所表述内容。A答案的错误可回查笔者分析。32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prized”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Developed.B.Rewarded.C.Mixed.D.Valued.解析：该题答案选D。带入还原即可。33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Humansdonotusefragrancesaspurposefullyasplantsdo.B.Naturalsourcesforfragranceswillbeoutofdateinthefuture.C.Pl