考研考博-英语-宁夏建设职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁夏建设职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

PreliminaryfiguresshowBibbCounty'staxdigestisslightly_______withstateguidelines,whichcouldresultinafineofupto$100,000.

问题1选项

A.outforthecount

B.outandout

C.outofblast

D.outofwhack

【答案】D

【解析】outforthecount死的,毁了的;outandout彻底地;outofblast停工,停产;outofwhack不一致;不正常。句意：初步数据显示，比伯县的《税务摘要》与该州的指导方针略有出入，可能会被处以最高10万美元的罚款。选项D符合句意。

2.单选题

Theframeworkofthespecialtheoryofrelativitycanbeconstructedfromtheassumptionoftheabsoluteinvariabilityofthespeedoflight.

问题1选项

A.definition

B.encouragement

C.regulation

D.supposition

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。assumption表示“假定，设想”。A项definition“定义，清晰度”，B项encouragement“鼓励”，C项regulation“管理，规则”，D项supposition“假定，推测”。句意：狭义相对论的框架可以从光速绝对不变性的假设来构建。根据题意该题选D。

3.单选题

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermaybeobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul—thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject,thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthestoryofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?

3.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat（

）.

4.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho（

）.

问题1选项

A.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

B.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteafoodbiography

D.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

问题2选项

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.

C.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

D.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

问题3选项

A.thebestbiographiesaretheonesofheroesandfamousfigures

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects’lives

C.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

D.biographiescanservedifferentpurpose

问题4选项

A.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject’scharacter

B.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject’sprivatelife

C.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders

D.itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly

问题5选项

A.knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim

B.possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject

C.isindependentandtreatsthesubjectwithfairnessandobjectivity

D.isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章首先讲述传记作家碰到的各种问题，包括传记作家写作时在两种立场之间摇摆不定。接着详细阐述了传记作家写作创作的难点。最后提到了传记作家“授权问题”。所以由此可知，选项A“传记作者很难找到合适的角度来进行写作”最符合题意。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段第一句“Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.对于传记写作这一工作来说，没有理想的角度。”和第三句“Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses每一种角度都有其优势和劣势。”可知每位传记作家都面对写作角度中的优势和劣势，所以没有人能够写出完美无缺的传记。故正确答案选C。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词“biographiesofJesus”定位到文章第三段最后一句“ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.”，第三段主要是讲传记作者会根据描述对象做出有目的选择，然后进行写作。所以，对于英雄和人物的传记和神的传记写作的目的是不同的，属于有目的的类型写作。故正确答案选D。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。关键词定位到文章第四段第四句“…the‘unauthorized’characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.这种未经授权的描述通常暗示了当事人原本希望压制流言蜚语的前景。”可知，选项B“它包含了关于描述对象私人生活的有趣信息”更符合题干意思，为正确答案。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.传记作者必须站在被描述对象同一个世界的同一位置上，必要时需要调整位置来进行描述。”和文章最后一段“Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis‘authorized’bythesubject,thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.在推进这一主张时，他们得到帮助，如果传记被主题‘授权’，这可能允许传记作者的私人信息的特殊访问。”由此可知，理想的传记作家一方面要充分了解被描写的对象，另外一方面也要和他保持一定的距离。故正确答案选A。

4.单选题

Yesterdaywassucha______daywedecidedtogoforadrive.

问题1选项

A.glorious

B.dynamical

C.avenue

D.invitation

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项glorious“（天气）热的，晴朗的”；B选项dynamical“有生气的”；C选项avenue“（城镇的）大街”；D选项invitation“邀请”。句意：昨天天气______，我们决定开车去玩。根据语境，这里指的是天气适宜出门玩耍，A选项glorious“（天气）热的，晴朗的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

OnemotivationalanalystwhobecamecurioustoknowtherehadbeensuchagreatriseinimpulsebuyingatsupermarketswasJamesVicary.Hesuspectedthatsomespecialpsychologymustbegoingoninsidethewomenastheyshoppedinsupermarkets.Hissuspicionwasthatperhapstheyunderwentsuchanincreaseintensionwhenconfrontedwithsomanypossibilitiesthattheywereforcedintomakingquickpurchases.Hesetouttofindoutifthisweretrue.Thebestwaytodetectwhatwasgoingoninsidetheshopperwasthroughtheuseofagalvanometerorliedetector.Thatobviouslywasimpractical.Thenextbestthingwastouseahiddenmotion-picturecameraandrecordtheeye-blinkrateofthewomenastheyshopped.Howfastapersonblinkshiseyesisaprettygoodindexofhisstateofinnertension.Theaverageperson,accordingtoMr.Vicary,normallyblinkshiseyesabout32timesaminute.Ifheistense,heblinksthemmorefrequently;and,underextremetension,hemayblinkupto50or60timesaminute.Ifheisnotablyrelaxed,ontheotherhand,hiseye-blinkratemaydroptoasubnormaltwentyorless.

Mr.Vicarysetuphiscamerasandstartedfollowingtheladiesastheyenteredthestore.Theresultswerestartling,eventohim.Theireye-blinkrate,insteadofgoinguptoindicatemountingtension,wentdownanddown,toaverysubnormalfourteenblinksaminute.TheladiesfellintowhatMr.Vicarycallsahypnoidaltrance,alightkindoftrancethat,heexplains,isthefirststageofhypnosis.Mr.Vicaryhasdecidedthatthemaincauseofthetranceisthatthesupermarketispackedwithproductswhichinformeryearswouldhavebeenitemsonlykingsandqueenscouldhaveaffordedandhereinthisfairylandtheywereavailabletoall.Mr.Vicarytheorizes:’’Justwithinthisgeneration,anyonecanbeakingorqueenandgothroughthesestoreswheretheproductssay'buymebuyme”.

1.Vicary'scuriositywasarousedbythefactthat

（

）.

2.Accordingtothearticle,eye-blinkrateisanindicationof（

）.

3.Mr.Vicary’stest

（

）.

4.Afterhistests,Mr.Vicaryconcludedthat

（

）.

5.Thearticleimpliedbutnotstated（

）.

问题1选项

A.therewasadecreaseinsalesinsupermarkets

B.womenwereshowingstrongresistancetoproductsinsupermarkets

C.thereseemedtobenologicinwomen’sbuyinghabits

D.womenwereshoppingverycarefully

问题2选项

A.thetruthorfalsityofastatement

B.thementalabilityofaperson

C.bloodpressure

D.theemotionalstateofaperson

问题3选项

A.provedhisoriginalhypothesistobetrue

B.provedthatthetensionofawomanshopper,afterenteringstore,decreasedratherthanincreased

C.nullifiedtheeye-blinkrateasameasurementoftension

D.showedthatawoman’sreactiontotheproductsinasupermarketisimpossibletodetermine.

问题4选项

A.shoppingwasapttocreateseriousnervousdisorders

B.asupermarketisfantasticplace

C.womenareentrancedbythemanywonderfulitemsavailableinsupermarkets

D.womendevelopaninferioritycomplexwheninsupermarkets

问题5选项

A.Quickpurchasesaretheresultofinnertension

B.Thefirststageofhypnosisisalighttrance

C.Researchconductedbymotivationanalysiscandisprovetheiroriginalpremises

D.Supermarketsseekingafairylandatmosphereshouldinstallhiddenmoviecameras

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.文章第一段提到Vicaiy对女性冲动购物越来越好奇，从而想去探究一番，选项A“超市上销量减少”，选项B“女性对超市产品表现出强烈的抵制”，选项D“女性购物很谨慎”，这三个都不是引发这位研究者好奇心的原因，选项C符合题意。

2.文章第一段Howfastapersonblinkshiseyesisaprettygoodindexofhisstateofinnertension提到眨眼睛的频率可以反映一个人内心的紧张程度，选项D符合题意。

3.文章第二段提到Vicary拿起了隐藏的摄像机，进入了商店。通过实践得知，并没有像他预想的那样，女性进入商店后，她们的眨眼率没有增加，而是减少了(theireye-blinkrate,insteadofgoinguptoindicatemountingtension,wentdownanddown,toaverysubnormalfourteenblinksaminute)，选项B符合题意。

4.文章第二段提到女性进入商店后，进入了一种Vicarys称之为催眠的状态。Vicary认为超市中摆满了在以前只有王室才用得起的商品，而现在一般人都可以用，而这就是使女性进入催眠的缘由，选项C“女性为超市里那些商品着迷”符合题意。

5.题干的要求是文章暗含了但是没有写出来的是什么。文章讲述了Vicary出于对女性冲动购物的好奇而用影藏摄像机在超市进行跟拍，想根据女性购物使眨眼的次数来判断她们购物时的紧张程度。但是跟他预期不同的是，她们眨眼的次数不但没有上升，反而下降了，原因是女性在购物的时候，全身放松，非常舒坦。所以这个结果推翻了原来的结论，选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Herheartwasfilledwithcompassionforthemotherlesschildren.

问题1选项

A.sympathy

B.regret

C.wistfulness

D.sorrow

【答案】A

【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项sympathy“同情，怜悯，同情心”；B选项regret“后悔，歉意”；C选项wistfulness“渴望，伤感，沉思”；D选项sorrow“悲伤，哀伤，痛苦”。句意：她对那些没有母亲的孩子充满同情。Compassion“怜悯，同情，同情心”，A选项的意思与该单词最相近，因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

Ithoughttheboatonlyheldsix.Howdidyou（

）sevenseats?

问题1选项

A.reserve

B.deserve

C.preserve

D.reverse

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。reserve意为“预定，预约，保留”；deserve意为“应得，应受”；preserve意为“保护，保存”；reverse意为“使反转，颠覆”。

句意：我以为这船上只能载六个人。你怎么预定了七个位置呢？

8.单选题

Thereisno（）evidencethatpeoplecancontroltheirdreams,atleastinexperimentalsituationsinalab.

问题1选项

A.rigid

B.solid

C.smooth

D.harsh

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项rigid“严格的”；B选项solid“可靠的”；C选项smooth“光滑的”；D选项harsh“严酷的”。句意：没有确凿的证据表明人们可以控制自己的梦，至少在实验室的实验情况下是这样。本句表示可靠确凿的证据。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Thebankrefusedto（）himanymoney,sohehadtopostponebuyingahouse.

问题1选项

A.credit

B.borrow

C.loan

D.lease

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。credit“信任，把…归给”；borrow“借”；loan“贷款，借款”；lease“出租，租用”。句意：这个银行拒绝贷款给他，所以他不得不推迟买房子。C项符合题意。

10.单选题

TheuniquenessoftheJapanesecharacteristheresultoftwoseeminglycontradictoryforces:thestrengthoftraditionsandtheselectivereceptivitytoforeignachievementsandinventions.Asearlyas1860stherewerecountermovementtothetraditionalorientation.OneofthefamousspokesmenofJapan’s“Enlightenment”claimed“theConfuciancivilizationoftheEastseemstometolacktwothingspossessedbyWesterncivilization:scienceinthematerialsphereandasenseofindependenceinthespiritualsphere.”AnotherbreakofrelativeliberalismfollowedWorldWarI,whenthedemocraticidealismofPresidentWoodrowWilsonhadanimportantimpactonJapaneseintellectualsandespeciallystudents;butmoreimportantwastheLeninistideologyofthe1917BolshevikRevolution.Again,intheearly1930s,nationalismandmilitarismbecamedominant.

FollowingtheendofWorldWarII,substantialchangeswereundertakeninJapantoliberatetheindividualfromauthoritarianrestrains.Thenewdemocraticvaluesystemwasacceptedbymanyteachers,students,intellectuals,andoldliberals,butitwasnotimmediatelyembracedbythesocietyasawhole.Japanesetraditionsweredominatedbygroupvalues,andnotionsofpersonalfreedomandindividualrightswereunfamiliar.

Today,democraticprocessesareclearlyevidentinthewidespreadparticipationoftheJapanesepeopleinsocialandpoliticallife.Schooltextbooksemphasizeequalityoverhierarchyandrationalismovertradition;butinpracticethesevaluesareoftenmisinterpretedanddistorted,particularlybytheyouthwhotranslatetheindividualisticandhumanisticgoalsofdemocracyintoegoisticandmaterialisticones.

MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.Animportantfeatureofrelationshipsinmanyinstitutions,includingpoliticalpartiesanduniversitiesis,theoyabun-kobunorparent-childrelation.Thecorrespondingloyaltyoftheindividualtohispatronreinforceshisallegiancetothegrouptowhichtheybothbelong.Awillingnesstocooperatewithothermembersofthegroupandtosupportwithoutqualificationtheinterestsofthegroupinallitsexternalrelationsisstillawidelyrespectedvirtue.Theoyabun-kobuncreatesladdersofmobilitywhichanindividualcanascend,risingasfarasabilitiespermit,solongashemaintainssuccessfulpersonaltieswithasuperiorintheverticalchannel,thelatterrequirementusuallytakingprecedenceoveraneedforexceptionalcompetence.Asaconsequence,thereislittlehorizontalrelationshipbetweenpeoplewiththesameprofession.

1.ThespokesmanofJapan’s“Enlightenment”thoughtthat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutJapan’scultureistrue?

3.Therelationshipofoyabun-kobuncanbeonebetween（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.thetraditionalcultureshouldbereplacedbywesternmodernization

B.JapaneseoughttoforsaketheConfuciancivilizationoftheEast

C.theConfuciancivilizationinJapanshouldbedominant

D.Japanshouldintroducewesterncivilization

问题2选项

A.SubstantialchangesindemocraticprocesshavetakenplaceduringWorldWarH

B.NowadaysthetraditionalConfucianismisanecessarypartofthesocietyinJapan.

C.TodaytheConfucianismoutweighsthedemocraticvaluesysteminuniversitiesofJapan.

D.ThedemocraticideawasnotacceptedbythesocietyafterWorldWarII.

问题3选项

A.ashopownerandacustomer

B.aCEOandanemployee

C.apoliticianandanopponent

D.ajudgeandalawyer

问题4选项

A.respectforauthorityplaysamoreimportantroleinpromotion

B.westernvalueshaveoverwhelmedtraditionalJapaneseattitudes

C.colleaguesaremorecloselyrelatedtoeachotherthanbefore

D.mostJapaneseworkersaremembersofasingleparty

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第三句“Ohespiritualsphere.’”日本“启蒙运动”的一位著名发言人宣称：“在我看来，东方的儒家文明缺少西方文明所拥有的两样东西：物质领域的科学和精神领域的独立意识。”也就是说，他认为日本应该引进西方文明，选项D符合原文。

2.选项A应该是一战后，所以不正确；选项C明显错误;根据第二段第二句“Thenewdemocratic...thesocietyasawhole.”可知选项D属于完全否定，与原文表述不符;根据第四段第一句“MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.”大多数日本人都有意识地拒绝儒家思想,但旧秩序的残余依然存在。也就是说，传统儒学根深蒂固，是日本社会不可或缺的一部分。选项B正确。

3.根据第四段最后两句，oyabun-kobun创造了移动的梯子，一个人可以在能力允许的范围内向上攀登，只要他与垂直通道上的上级保持良好的个人关系，后者的要求通常优先于对非凡能力的需要。由此可以推断，oyabun-kobun指的是“上下级之间的关系”，选项中只有B项符合要求。

4.根据第四段最后两句，oyabun-kobun创造了移动的梯子，一个人可以在能力允许的范围内向上攀登，只要他与垂直通道上的上级保持良好的个人关系，后者的要求通常优先于对非凡能力的需要。作者其实是在暗示，尊重权威在晋升中扮演着更重要的角色。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

11.单选题

Evenwhentextbooksare______throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.

问题1选项

A.commonplace

B.standardized

C.competitive

D.generalized

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项commonplace“平凡的，普通的”；B选项standardized“标准化的”；C选项competitive“竞争的，比赛的”；D选项generalized“普遍的，广泛的”。根据Even可知空格与varygreatly的意思相反，因此选B。句意：即使教科书通过学校系统标准化，教学方法也可能有很大的不同。

12.单选题

Thecriticsconsideredonlytheundesirablequalitiesintheartist’swork,whileignoringor______themoredesirableones.

问题1选项

A.criticizing

B.overlooking

C.deserting

D.flattering

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.criticizing批评B.overlooking忽略

C.deserting抛弃，遗弃D.flattering奉承，谄媚

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】空格处与ignoring为并列成分，所以空格处的意思与ignoring（忽视）的意思相近，故B项符合。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合句子意思。

【句意】批评家们只考虑了艺术家作品中的不良品质，而忽略了更可取的品质。

13.单选题

Withtheirmodern,lightweightboat,theysoon（）theoldervesselsintherace.

问题1选项

A.overran

B.exceeded

C.outstripped

D.caughtup

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查了同义词辨析。overran“超过（范围）”；exceeded“超过，超越（数量，限制）”；outstripped“超过，赶上”；caughtup“追上，赶上（接名词时跟with连用）”，此处指的是在比赛中超过，赶上别人，所以可以排除选项A、B，此处如果使用catchup的话后面应该加with，用catchupwith的形式，故正确答案为选项C。

14.单选题

Adversecircumstancescompelledhimtoclosehisbusiness.

问题1选项

A.unfamiliar

B.local

C.unfavorable

D.good

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：……环境迫使他关闭了生意。A选项unfamiliar“不熟悉的，没有经验的”；B选项local“当地的，局部的”；C选项unfavorable“不利的，不宜的”；D选项good“好的”。根据下文的“closehisbusiness”可知，肯定是不好的环境导致他停业，adverse意为“不利的”，选项C与之意思相近。

15.单选题

AnimportantpartofthenationalgovernmentistheForeignService,abranchoftheDepartmentofState.

问题1选项

A.aunity

B.adivision

C.anembassy

D.aninvasion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项aunity“一个个体”；B选项adivision“一个部门”；C选项anembassy“一个大使馆”；D选项aninvasion“一次入侵”。句意：国家政府的一个重要组成部分是外交部，它是国务院的一个分支。也就是说外交部是国家政府的一个部门，因此B选项符合题意。

16.单选题

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetomakewaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomeprimaryquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Wouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Wouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldprovidetheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportationimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplaceinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtime,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered,asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfulltimejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutintherecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）

2.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat（

）

3.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentwereoverwhelminginthat（

）

4.Thearticleconcludesthat（

）

问题1选项

A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation.

B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures.

C.availableemploymentmustbemorewidelydistributedamongtheunemployed.

D.thenowadayshighunemploymentfiguresareatruthoflife.

问题2选项

A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity.

B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’scontrol.

C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged.

D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereversed.

问题3选项

A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely.

B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork.

C.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered.

D.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety.

问题4选项

A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility.

B.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient.

C.peopleshouldbeginsupportingthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill.

D.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.信息推断题。根据文章第一段，高失业率确实是现在存在的一种社会现象，并且会持续下去。所以选项中“atruthoflife”最符合题意，选项D最符合题意。

2.信息推断题。根据文章第三段中“someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbrought”，第四段中“hefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustries”可以看出工业时代的到来推动了整个工业模式的变化。选项C符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段。所有人都受到了就业影响，其中也包括“thosenotinpaid”，那些没有受雇的人，如学生和退休人员，故选项C符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句中“withoutfulltimejobs”，可知选项D符合题意。

17.单选题

Thepeoplefortheexperimentwerechosencompletely（）random.

问题1选项

A.at

B.in

C.by

D.on

【答案】A

【解析】介词短语辨析。句意：用来做实验的人完全是随机挑选的。at和random搭配意为“任意地，随便地”，因此A选项为正确答案。

18.翻译题

Theincreaseininternationalbusinessandinforeigninvestmenthascreatedaneedforexecutiveswithknowledgeofforeignlanguagesandskillsincross-culturalcommunication.Americans,however,havenotbeenwelltrainedineitherareaand,consequently,havenotenjoyedthesamelevelofsuccessinnegotiationinaninternationalarenaashavetheirforeigncounterparts.

Negotiatingistheprocessofcommunicatingbackandforthforthepurposeofreachinganagreement.

Itinvolvespersuasionandcompromise,butinordertoparticipateineitherone,thenegotiatorsmustunderstandthewaysinwhichpeoplearepersuadeandhowcompromise,isreachedwithinthecultureofthenegotiation.

Inmanyinternationalbusinessnegotiationsabroad,Americansareperceivedaswealthy

andimpersonal.

ItoftenappearstotheforeignnegotiatorthattheAmericanrepresentsalargemultimillion-dollarcorporationthatcanaffordtopaythepricewithoutbargaining