最新高中英语非谓语动词用法精讲

戴氏教育雅颂居校区 高三英语作文模板授课教师：胡老师PAGEPAGE4高中英语非谓语动词用法比照讲篇知识要点：一、不定式与动名词做主语：1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如：Collectinginformationaboutchildren’shealthishisjob.收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。It’snecessarytodiscusstheproblemwithanexperiencedteacher.与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：〔1〕It’sdifficult(important,necessary)forsb.todo〔2〕It’skind(good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave)ofsb.todo.3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：It’snogood(use,fun)doing.It’s(a)wasteoftimeone’sdoing.It’sworthwhiledoing.二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。Histeachingaimofthisclassistotrainthestudents’speakingability.他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。Itsfull-timejobislayingeggs.它的〔指蚁后〕的专职工作是产卵。3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。Thetaskofthisclassispractisingtheidioms.〔现在分词做表语〕Withthehelpoftheteacher,thestudentsarepractisingtheidioms.〔现在进行时〕4、常用作表语的现在分词有：interesting,amusing,disappointing,missing,puzzling,exciting,inspiring,following等。现在分词表示进行与主动。Thejokeisamusing.这笑话很逗人。Theproblemispuzzling.这个问题令人不解。5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。Thevillageissurroundedbyhighmountains.〔过去分词做表语〕TheenemywassurroundedbytheRedArmy.〔被动语态〕Heiswelleducated.〔过去分词做表语〕Hehasbeeneducatedinthiscollegeforthreeyears.〔被动语态〕常用在句中做表语的过去分词有：used,closed,covered,interested,followed,satisfied,surrounded,done,lost,decided,prepared,saved,shut,won,completed,crowded,dressed,wasted,broken,married,unexpected等。6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：interest〔使…感兴趣〕，surprise〔使…吃惊〕，frighten〔使…害怕〕，excite〔使…兴奋〕，tire〔使…疲劳〕，please〔使…满意〕，puzzle〔使…迷惑不解〕，satisfy〔使…满意〕，amuse〔使…娱乐〕，disappoint〔使…失望〕，inspire〔使…欢欣鼓舞〕，worry〔使…忧虑〕它们的现在分词常修饰物〔有时修饰人〕，表示主动，过去分词常修饰人，表示被动〔包括某人的look、voice等〕。例如：Climbingistiring.爬山很累人。Theyareverytired.他们很疲劳三、不定式与动名词做宾语：1、以下动词跟不定式做宾语：want,wish,hope,expect,ask,pretend,care,decide,happen,long,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,cause,afford,beg,manage,agree,promise等。2、在以下动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,appreciate,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,can’thelp,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from),protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston等。3、在forget,remember,stop,regret,try,mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同，不定式表示谓语动词之后的动作，而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，常用一般式doing代替完成式havingdone.Heforgottotellmetoposttheletter.〔他忘了叫我发信。〕Ishallneverforgetfindingthatrarestamponanordinaryenvelope.我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。Remembertowritetouswhenyougetthere.到那里，记得给我们写信。Idon’tremembermeetinghim.我不记得见过他。IregrettotellyouthatIcan’tgotoyourbirth-dayparty.我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了。Theyregrettedagreeingtotheplan.他们懊悔同意这个方案。Hetriedtopretendtoshareinthepleasurewithhisfriend.他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐。Shetriedreadinganovel,butthatcouldn’tmakeherforgethersorrow.她试着看看小说，但也不能使她忘记伤心事。Ididn’tmeantohurtyou.我没有企图伤害你。Afriendindeedmeanshelpingothersfornothinginreturn.真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人。4、动名词作need,want,require,beworth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。Thewashing-machineneedsrepairing.〔或用：needstoberepaired〕这台洗衣机需要修理。Thepointwantsreferringto.这一点要提到。ThisEnglishnovelisworthreading.这本英文小说值得一读。ThesituationinRussianrequiredstudying.俄国形式需要研究。四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语：ask,tell,beg,allow,want,like,hate,force,invite,persuade,advise,order,cause,encourage,waitfor,callon,permit,forbidThedoctoradvisedhimtostayinbedforanotherfewdays.医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天。Wewishhimtoremainandacceptthepost.我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。〔注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补。〕2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式，这些动词有：see,watch,notice,hear,feel,make,let,have等。例如：Wenoticedhimenterthehouse.我们留意到他进了那所房子。Thebossmadethemworktwelvehoursaday.老板让他们一天干12小时工作。注意当make、have不做“迫使、让〞讲，而做“制造、有〞解时，跟带有to的不定式做状语。Mothermadeacaketocelebratehisbirthday.妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日。Hehadameetingtoattend.他有个会要开。3、以下动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补：see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,make,set,have,leave,keep,find等。用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系。例：Weheardhimsingingthesongwhenwecamein.当我们进来的时候，听见他正唱那首歌。Wehaveheardthesongsungtwice.我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了。五、非谓语动词做定语：1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。例如：Hehadnohousetoliveinbutalotofworktodo.他没有房子住却有好多活要干。Ourmonitoristhefirsttoarrive.我们班长是第一个到的。2、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。awalkingstick拐杖〔动名词做定语，意为astickforwalking〕asleepingcar卧铺车厢〔动名词做定语，意为acarforsleeping〕therisingsun正在升起的太阳〔现在分词做定语，意为thesunwhichwasrising〕thechangingworld变化中的世界〔现在分词做定语，意为theworldwhichischanging〕3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。如：apieceofdisappointingnews使人失望的消息〔意同apieceofnewswhichdisappointedus〕inthefollowingyears在后来的几年中〔意同intheyearsthatfollowed〕awelldressedwoman衣着讲究的女士〔意同awomanwhoisdressedwell〕acarparkedatthegate停在门口的小汽车〔意同acarwhichwasparkedatthegate〕六、不定式与分词做状语：1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：Hehurriedhomeonlytofindhismoneystolen.他匆忙赶到家中，发现钱被盗了。〔结果状语〕Tomakehimselfheard,heraisedhisvoice.为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。〔目的状语〕Allofusaresurprisedtoseehisrapidprogress.看到他的进步，我们都很吃惊。(原因状语)2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式：Seenfromthetopofthehill,thetownisbeautiful.从山上看，这座城市很美。〔条件状语〕Comingintotheroom,hefoundhisfatherangry.当走进房间时，他发现父亲生气了。〔时间状语〕Beingtired,theywentonworking.虽然累了，但他们继续工作。〔让步状语〕Havingbeenhitbythebigboyonthenose,thelittleboybegantocry.由于被大孩子打了鼻子，那个小男孩哭了。〔原因状语〕Heputafingerinhismouth,tasteditandsmiled,lookingratherpleased.他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看起来挺快乐。〔伴随状语〕接不定式或动名词做宾语都可以，但在意思上有区别的动词的用法meantodo想要(做某事)proposetodo打算(做某事)meandoing意味(做某事)proposedoing建议(做某事)forgettodo忘记(要做的事)remembertodo记得(要做某事)forgetdoing忘记(已做的事)rememberdoing记得(已做过的事)goontodo继而(做另一件事)stoptodo停下来去做另一件事goondoing继续(做原来的事)stopdoing停止正在做的事regrettodo(对将要做的事)遗憾regretdoing(对已做过的事)懊悔特殊句型特殊用法cannothelpbutdohavedifficulty/troubledoingsth.cannotchoosebutdohaveagood/greattimedoingsth.candonothingbutdoIt’snogood/usedoingsth.havenothingbuttodoThereisnopoint/sense/harm/usedoingsth.havenothingtodobutdoThereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.donothingbutdotherebe非谓语动词的用法(1)做宾语时取决于谓语动词的持续要求。如：Thestudentsexpectedtheretobemorereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams.(2)做目的状语fortheretobe，做其他状语用therebeing。如：Fortheretobesuccessfulcommunication,theremustbeattentivenessandinvolvementinthediscussionitselfbyallpresent.(fortheretobe…在句中做目的状语)Therebeingnofurtherquestions,we’llstopheretoday.(therebeing…做原因状语)(3)引导主语用fortheretobe。如：Itisunusualfortheretobenolatecomerstoday.(4)做除for外的介词宾语，用therebeing。如：Hewouldalwaysignorethefactoftherebeingsuchacontradictioninhisinnerthought非谓语动词练习题1.______won'tbeofmuchhelp.A.Tom'sgoingB.TomgoingC.TomtogoD.Tomgoes2.Theymanaged_____themeetingroombeforetheguestsarrived.A.finishingtocleanB.finishingcleaningC.tofinishcleaningD.tofinishtoclean

3.Wemustfindaroombigenough_____.A.forallofustoliveB.forallofustoliveinC.toliveinallofusD.ofallofustolive4._____ateacher,Ishouldsetagoodexampletostudents.A.BeingB.HavingbeenC.TobeD.AsIbeing5._____ateacher,onemustfirstbetheirpupil.A.BeingB.Havingbeen

C.TobeD.Tohavebeen6.Itwasstupid_____youradvice.A.formenottotakeB.formenottakingC.ofmenottotakeD.ofmenottaking7.Theteachertoldhimtospeaklouder_____by,everybody.A.soastobeheardB.soastohearC.inorderthatheardD.inordertohear

8.Theysuggested_____thesportsmeettillnextTuesday.A.ustoputoffB.puttingoffC.usofputtingoffD.ourputoff9.Thedoctorgavemesomemedicine,_____threetimesadaybeforemeals.A.totakeB.tobetakingC.tobetakenD.Itookit10.Thankingthemfortheirkindness,hesaidthattheoldladyreallyappreciated_____bythem.A.visitingB.visited

C.tobevisitedD.beingvisited11._____madeherparentsveryangry.A.Jane'sengagingBlackB.Jane'sbeingengagedtoBlackC.JanehavingengagedtoBlackD.JanehasengagedtoBlack12.Don'tyouthinkitgood_____inpublicplaces?A.forbiddingsmokingB.toforbidsmokingC.