英语从句-倒装及反义疑问句

What

is

inverted

sentence?英语的自然语序：主语+谓语倒装句：把谓语放在主语之前完全倒装：将谓语部分的全部或谓语动词放在主语之前。部分倒装：仅把作用词（如助动词，情态动词，系动词tobe等）放在主语之前。助动词：be,

do,

have情态动词：should,

ought

to,

shall,

will,

would,

can,could,

may,might,

must,

need,dare,

used

to等等。—不能单独做谓语，必须和实意动词或系动词的起构成谓语。系动词：be,

look,

feel,

taste,

smell,

sound,等等。e部分倒装1.

一般疑问句Can

you

bring

me

my

umbrella?你能把 伞带给我吗？→

You

can

bring

me

my

umbrella.他在银行工作吗？Does

he

work

in

a

bank?→

He

works

in

abank.你来自于中国吗？Are

you

from

China?/

Do

you

come

from

China?→

You

are

from

China./

You

come

from

China.2.

特殊疑问句常用疑问词：what,who,

whose,

whom,

which,

when,

where,why,howWhen

will

there

be

lasting

peace

in

the

world?什么时候世界才能有持久的和平？→

There

will

be

lasting

peace…他每天早上几点起床？What

time

does

he

get

up

every

morning?→

He

gets

up...你喜欢什么水果？What

fruit/

Which

fruit

do

you

like?→

I

like...3.虚拟语气条件从句中的if被省略时Had

it

not

been

for

your

laziness,

you

could

have

finished

theassignment

by

now.如果不是你懒惰的话，你的作业到这会儿也能完成了。→

if

it

had

not

been

for

your

laziness,

you

could

have…Should

you

be

asked

about

this,

say

that

you

know

nothing.如果有人问起你这件事，你就说你什么都不知道。→

if

you

should

be

asked

about

this,

say…Were

I

to t,I’d t

someother

way.如果我要做，我会用其他方式去做。→

If

I

were

to

t,

I’d

t...4.以so开头的，表示“也一样”，“也这样”的句子我喜欢茶，她也喜欢.I

like

tea,

so

does

she.他们现在能游泳， 也能。They

can

swim

now,and

so

can

we.*

Attention:

如果只是对前面一句话内容的肯定和同意，则无需倒装。He

worksvery

hard.

Sohedoes.他工作很努力。是的。这个 非常重。确实是。The

parcel

is

very

heavy.

So

it

is.5.与“so”开头的句子反义，表示“…也不”时，以neither或nor开头。我不喜欢咖啡，她也不喜欢.I

do

not

like

tea,

neither

does

she.“我没带钱。”“我也没带。”话。expect

them

to

be‘I

don’t

have

any

money.’

‘Neither/Nor

.”我不希望孩子们没礼貌，也不希望他们不听I

don’t

expect

children

to

be

rude,

nordisobeyed.*

Attention:

neither…nor…

既不…也不…(to

be

continued)He

can

neither

read

nor

write.他既不会读也不会写。

=

He

cannot

read

or

write.对这个消息既没有感到 ，也没有觉得意外。Julie

was

neither

shocked

nor

surprised

by

the

news.neither

vs.

eitherSightseeing

is

best

done

either

by

tour

bus

or

by

bicycles.观光最好要么乘游览巴士，要么骑自行车。我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但两个城市我都不太喜欢。I

have

lived

in

New

York

and

Chicago,

but

don’t

like

either

cityvery

much.“我不会游泳。”“我也不会。”‘I

cannot

swim.’

‘I

can’teither.’6.so…that…结构中，so在句首时So

easy

is

it

that

a

boy

can

learn

it.那很容易，小孩子都能学。他说得很快， 简直听不清楚。So

rapidly

did

he

speak

that

we

could

hardly

understand

himclearly.*Attention:so…that…如果放在句中，则是正常语序。He

was

so

weak

that

hecould

hardly

stand

up.他身体太虚弱了以至于几乎站不起来。7.

在以never,hardly,scarcely,no

sooner…than,rarely,barely,seldom,

not

only,not

until,

nor,little,nowhere,

by

no

means,

inno

way,at

no

time,

in

no

case,

under

no

circumstances等表示否定意义开头的句子，句子主谓部分倒装。Never

have

I

come

across

such

a

difficult

problem.我还从没有遇到过这样 的问题。我很少读这种杂志。Seldom

read

su

agazines.No

soonerhad

hearrived

thanhefell

ill.他一到就病了。(to

be

continued)Not

until

the

game

had

begun

at

the

sports

ground.A.should

he

havearrived B.

hadhe

arrivedC.

did

he

arrive D.

would

he

had

arrived直到比赛开始了他才来到赛场。By

no

means

produce

satisfactory

results.A.

will

this

method B.

this

method

will C.

should

this

methodD.

this

method

should这种方法决不会产生满意的结果。*

Attention:他们不仅 了你，还打碎(smash)了所有东西。Notonly

didtheyrobyou,

they

smashedeverything.不仅你，我也喜欢这条裙子。Not

only

you

but

also

I

like

this

dress.（就近原则）他的父母都不会说英语。Neither

his

father

nor

his

mother

spoke

English.在这次和上次的会上，他们都没 这个话题。Neither

at

this

meeting

nor

at

the

previous

one

the

proposal.A.

they

did

not

discuss B.

did

they

discussC.

do

they

discuss D.

would

they

discuss总结：在并列连接词notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…等连接的句子中，如果notonly,neither放在句首，要用部分倒装。但如果，当位于句首的neither或notonly连接的是主语成分而不是句子时，不需要倒装。8.

以“only+状语”开头的句子，句子主谓部分倒装。改错：Only

then

I

realized

the

importance

of

English.→

Only

then

did

I

realize

the

importance

of

English.只有在那时我才 英语的重要性。只有用这种方法 才可以解决问题。Only

in

thisway

canwe

solvetheproblems.*

Attention:only如不在句首，或only修饰的不是状语，则不倒装。完全倒装1.

以here,

there,now,then等表示地点，时间的副词和介词短语开头，以及out,in,

away,up,

down,bang等方位或拟声词开头的句子时，一般句子全部倒装。改错：There

the

bus

comes!→

There

comes

the

bus!车来了！该轮到你了。Now

your

comes

turn.→Now

comes

your

turn.*

Attention:Here

you

are.给你。There

it

is.那就是。总结：如果主语是代词时就不倒装。2.

在“there+be+主语”句子中。桌子上有五本书。There

are

five

books

on

the

table.原语序：Five

books

are

on

the

table.反义疑问句1.

当陈述部分有never,seldom,

hardly,few,little,

barely,scarcely,nothing,

none,

rarely,no,

not,

no

one,

nobody,neither等否定意义的词汇时，后面的反义疑问句则为肯定形式。There

are

few

apples

in

the

basket,

are

there?He

can

hardly

swim,

can

he?They

seldom

come

late,

do

they?2.

当陈述部分的主语为everyone,

someone,

anyone,

no

one等表示人的不定代词时，疑问部分的主语用they或he。Everyone

in

your

family

is

a

teacher,

aren’t

they/

isn’t

he?3.

当陈述部分的主语为everything,

something,

anything,

nothing等表示物的不定代词时，疑问部分的主语用itSomething

is

wrongwithyourwatch,

isn’t

it?4.

当陈述部分含有如unhappy,dislike,

unfriendly等含有否定前后缀的词时，当肯定句处理，疑问部分用否定形式。他看上去不高兴，不是吗？He

looks

unhappy,

doesn’t

he?5.

当陈述部分有less,

fewer等词，视为肯定词。There

will

be

less

pollution,

won’t

there?6.

含有think,

believe,

suppose,

imagine,

expect等动词后接宾语从句，在构成反义疑问句时，视情况而定。1）反问从句I

expect

our

English

teacher

will

be

back

this

weekend,

won’tshe/he?We

suppose

you

have

bought

the

tickets,

haven’t

you?当主句的主语为第一人称时，反问从句。2）反问主句They

don’t

believe

she

is

an

engineer,

do

they?,

didn’tYou

thought

they

could

have

finished

theyou?当主句的主语为第二、三人称时，反问主句。7.

祈使句当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表达，分三种情况。1）一般情况下用will

you

或won’t

you.帮我一下忙，好吗？Give

me

a

hand,

will

you?不要关灯，好吗？Don’tturn

the

lightsoff,

will

you?(to

be

continued)2）以let’s开头的祈使句（听话人包括在内），疑问句用shallwe