神经病学 教学大纲

PAGEPAGE90NeurologyofOutline(For8-yearProgramMedicalStudent)DepartmentofNeurology,XiangyaCentralMay2012ContentIntruuction………………...1Chapter1Intrudaction……………….6Chapter2CommonSymptomsofDiseasesoftheNerveSystem….6Chapter5theDiagnositicPrincipleofNervousSystemDisease……………8Chapter6Peripheralneuropathy………………..8Chapter7DiseasesofSpinalCord……………12Chapter8Cerebrovasculardisease……………..15Chapter9theinfectionsoftheCentralNervousSystem………20Chapter10DemyelinatingDiseaseinCentralNervousSystem……………….22Chapter11MovementDisorders………………...23Chapter12Epilepsy………………24Chapter17MyoneuralJunctionDiseaseandMuscleDiseases………………25tableoftheexaminationoutline……………………29NeurologySyllabus

Coursecode:22010261

Credit:2.5credits

Totalhours:66hours

TheoryDuration:33hours

Studenthours:33hours

Thecourserequirements:neuroanatomy,neurophysiology,diagnostics

Adaptationprofessional:clinicalmedicalstudentsineightgradedepartment

Referencematerials:

1Neurology,WuJiang

ItheCoursesStatusObjectiveandTasksinTrainingNeurologywhichaclinicalcategoriesstudyoncentralnervoussystem,peripheralnervoussystemandskeletalmusclepathogenesisofthediseaseetiology,pathology,clinicalmanifestations,diagnosis,treatmentandtheprevention.Thenervoussystemdysfunctioncanaffectthebodysystemsandorgansandavarietyillnessesofthewholebodycanaffectthenervoussystemfunctionandstructuralsincethenervoussystemcanregulateothersystemsofthebodyorgansandotherorgansystemsanddiseasesalsohasregulatingroleofinterferencefunctiononthenervoussystem.Thereforeneuralscienceandotherclinicaldisciplinesarecloselylinkedandmutualinfiltration,particularlytherecentdevelopednewtechnologiessuchasMRI,CT,nervebiochemical,neurologicalgeneticimmunesuchasneuralgreatlypromotthedevelopmentofneuralscience.Afterlearningthisdiscipline,studentsmasterthesystemofNeurology'sbasictheoryandbasicknowledge(thecommondiseasesofthenervoussystemclinicalmanifestations,diagnosisandtreatment)andbasicskills(thebasicmethodsofworkandmethodofoperationofneuropathy).Studentshouldbeabletogeneralinvolvedinthepreventionofthenervoussystemdiseasesandthehandlingoftheproblemofthefutureinhealthcare,havingasoundfoundationofacomprehensiveknowledgeonmedical,teachingandresearchwork.IItheBasicCurriculumRequirements

1,thebasictheoryandbasicknowledgeof:

(1)Understandtheobjectofstudyintheirscopeandthestatusofclinicaldisciplinesandlearningmethodsofclinicalneurology,Familiarwiththebasicanatomyofthenervoussystemstructureandcerebrospinalfluidcirculation.

(2)Graspthemainsymptomsandsignsofdamagetothenervoussystem,andfamiliarwithdiagnosisandlocalizationprinciplesofthenervoussystem(3)Grasptheetiology,pathogenesis,clinicalmanifestations,diagnosisandtreatmentofthefollowingnervoussystemdisease:cerebralvasculardiseases,viralencephalitis(acuteherpessimplexvirusencephalitis),multiplesclerosis,Parkinson'sdisease,migraine,epilepsy,acuteinflammatorydemyelinatingpolyneuropathy,primarytrigeminalneuralgia,idiopathicfacialparalysis,acutemyelitis,myastheniagravisandperiodicparalysis.(4)Familiarwiththeetiology,pathogenesis,diagnosisandtreatmentofclinicalmanifestationsofthemainpointsofthefollowingdiseasesofthenervoussystem:tuberculousmeningitis,thenewcryptococcalmeningitis,smallspectrum,liverdegeneration,spinalcordcompression,andMusculardystrophy,polymyositis.2BasicSkills

(1)GraspthehistoryofAcquisitionmethodofthenervoussystemdiseases

(2)Familiarwiththemethodsofthenervoussystemofmedicalexaminationandlumbarpunctureoperation.

(3)Commonunderstandingofthesupplementaryexamination:CTMRIDSAEEGEMG,etc.AllocationofSchoolCurriculumSectionContentsTotalSchooloftheorySchoolofexperiment(Trainee)Footnote15General16.08.08.06PeripheralNerveDisease7SpineDisease8CerebrovascularDisease15.07.08.09CentralNerveSystemInfection6.03.03.010CentralNerveSystemDemyelinatingDidease4.53.01.511MovementDisorders4.53.01.513Epilepsy4.53.01.517Nerve-MuscleJunctionandMuscleDisease4.53.01.5ExaminationTypesofexamination:TheoryExamination(Written),SkillExaminationConstructionofResults:ResultsinNormalTime15%,SkillExamination15%,TheoryExamination70%ContentsofCurriculumChapter1IntroductionRequestsMakethestudentsknowtheresearchingobjects,methodsandscopeofneurology,anditsstatusinallclinicaldepartments.LectureTime:1hourContentforTeachingTheresearchingobjects,developinghistoryandactualityofneurology2.Therelationshipbetweenneurologyandotherbasicsubjects,anditsstatusinallclinicaldepartments.3.Objects,attitudesandmethodsinlearningneurologyTeachingmethodsBylectures:theoreticallecturesMeansofteachingmultimediaandbilingualteachingChapter2CommonSymptomsofDiseasesoftheNerveSystemObjectsandRequirementsMasteringcommonclinicalsymptomsofthenervesystemLectureTime:6hoursContents(◆:focalpoint＆★:nodus)1◆ConsiousnessDisordersClinicalclassifications,manifestationsanddifferentialdiagnosis2.◆★ClinicalfeaturesandmanifestationsofAphsia3.◆★ClinicalmanifestationsofOpticDisordersandEyeballDyskinesiaOpticpasswayandopticdefectSymptomsandsignsofEyeballDyskinesia4.◆★FacialparalysisClinicalmanifestationsanddifferentialdiagnosisofcentralandperiphralfacialparalysis5.ClinicalmanifestationsofVertigoandAcousticDisordersClinicalmanifestationsanddifferentialdiagnosisofVertigoandSyncopeClinicalmanifestationsofAcousticDisorders6.◆PalsyofMedullaOblongata★Clinicalfeaturesanddifferentialdiagnosisofveraandfalseglossolabio-laryngealparalysis7.SensationDisordersRelatedAnatomyBasicsofSensationDisorderstheclassificationofsensorydysfunction◆★Theclinicalcharacteristicsandpositioningdiagnosisofsensorydysfunction8.◆★ParalysisTheconceptofparalysis.ThefeaturesandidentificationbetweenupperandlowermotorneuronparalysisThepositioningdiagnosisofupperandlowermotorneuronparalysis.9.◆Theanatomy,physiologyandclinicalperformanceofinvoluntarymovement：10.◆TheclassificationandclinicalfeaturesofAtaxiaTeachingMethod(recommendation)Taughtlaw:integrationbetweentheoreticallecturesandvideo.Teachingmeans:MultimediaBilingualTeaching.Self-learningcontent：Theanatomicalstructureofthenervoussystem.Chapter5theDiagnositicPrincipleofNervousSystemDiseaseObjectiverequirementsGraspthediagnositicprincipleofnervoussystemdiseaseandstresspositioningandqualitativediagnosis.Lectureshours：1hourTeachingcontent1.◆Thecriteriaandthenotedissuesofpositioningdiagnosisofnervoussystemdiseases.2.Theetiologicalclassificationofnervoussystemdiseasesandthenotedissuesinqualitativediagnosis.TeachingMethod(recommendation)Taughtlaw:theoreticallectures.Teachingmeans:MultimediaBilingualTeaching.Chapter6PeripheralneuropathyTime：1.5hoursGeneralInformationObjectiveTounderstandtheanatomyandphysiologyofperipheralneuropathy.Tounderstandthedegenerationandregenerationofperipheralneuropathy.TeachingContentAnatomyandphysiologyofperipheralneuropathy.Definitionofneuritis,neuralgia,neuropathy.Characteristicsoffourpathologicalchangesofperipheralneuropathy.Characteristicsofclinicalclassificationandsymptomsofperipheralneuropathy.TeachingMethod(recommendation)LectureTheInstrumentsforTeachingMultimediabilinguallecture.TrigeminalNeuralgiaObjectiveTomastertheclinicalfeatureandtreatmentoftrigeminalneuralgia.TeachingContentEtiology:Unclearforprimarytrigeminalneuralgia.Secondarytrigeminalneuralgiamayshowimpairedsymptomsandsignsoftrigeminalnerve.◆ClinicalfeaturePrimarytrigeminalneuralgiadevelopsinmiddletolatelife.Painisconfinedtotheareasuppliedbythesecondandthirddivisionsofthetrigeminalnervewithoutimpairedsigns.◆DiagnosisanddifferentiationdiagnosisDiagnosiswithfacialpaincausedbyotherdiseasesandSecondarytrigeminalneuralgia。4.◆Therapy:importance.alleviatepain,includingdrugtherapy,radiofrequencytreatment,surgeryandtreatmentofclosed.EducativemethodsTeachingtheory：Casediscussion:caseoftrigeminalneuralgia.Teachingmeathod:MultimediaBilingualTeachingBellparalysisObjectiveGrasptheclinicalmanifestationsandtreatmentmethodsofBellparalysis.Teachingcontent：Etiology:acutenon-suppurativeinflammationofthefacialnerveinthefacialnervecanalandthestylomastoidforamen.Mayberelatedtothecoldorautoimmunereaction.◆ClinicalmanifestationsAcuteonset,showingthesymptomsandsignsofunilateralorbilateralfacialparalysis.3.◆Diagnosisanddifferentialdiagnosis.Diagnosiswithsecondaryfacialparalysisandcentralfacialparalysis4.◆TherapyAcutePhase:cortexsteroids、physicalTherapyetc.TimelyacupuncturetreatmentTeachingmethodsTeachingtheoryCasediscussion:caseofBellparalysisTeachingmeathodMultimediaBilingualTeachingAcuteInflammatoryDemyelinatingPolyneuropathyObjectivetomasterclinicalmanifestation,diagnosis,differentialdiagnosisandtreatmentofacuteinflammatorydemyelinatingpolyneuropathy(Guillain-Barresyndrome).Teachingcontent1.Etiology:maybeautoimmunedisease.2.◆Clinicalmanifestation:mainpoint.Acuteorsubacuteonset;limbslowermotorneuronparalysis;bilateralfacialpalsyor/andglossolabio-laryngealparalysiscanbeexist;peripherysensorydisabilitycanbeexist;cerebrospinalfluidalbuminocytolgoicdissociationphenomenon;generallyfineprognosis(eusemia);3.◆DiagnosisanddifferentialdiagnosisAcutemyelitis,polymyelytis,myastheniagravis,periodicparalysis.4.◆TreatmentIntravenousimmunoglobulin;plasmaexchange;glucocorticoid;largedoseofvitaminB,bulboparalysisrespiratorymuscularparalysis,infectioncontrol,complicationpreventionteachingmethod(recommendation)theorylecturecasediscussion:AcuteinflammatorydemyelinatingpolyneuropathyteachingstylemultimediaandbilingualismChapter7DiseasesofSpinalCordclasshours:1.5hoursOutlineObjectiveunderstandspinalcordapplicationanatomyandphysiology2learntherelationbetweenthespinalcordandthespinalcolumn3Control:thefixedpositiondiagnosisofthespinalcordtransversedamageContentofcourse1Applieddissectionandphysiologyofspinalcord2Therelationbetweenthespinalcordandthespinalcolumn3◆Mainandclinicalperformanceandcommonreasonofspinalcordpathologicalchanges4◆★TheclinicalperformanceofthespinalcordtransversedamageTeachingmethod(suggestion):lecture:teachingtheories.TeachingmeansMulti-mediabilingualteaching.AcutemyelitisObjective1Understandthemeaningandtheclinicalclassificationoftheacutemyelitis2Controltheclinicalperformance,diagnosis,discriminatingdiagnosisandcuringprinciplediagnosisoftheacutemyelitis3BeacquaintwiththetreatmentandnursingoftheacutemyelitisThecourse1ThecourseandPathologicalThecauseof

suchadiseaseisn'tclear,which

maybehavesomethingtodowithvirusinfectionandimmunity.Listitsrelevantchangeofpathologybriefly.2◆ClinicalperformanceListtheclinicalperformanceofacute

transversemyelitis

(including

theacuteshockandconvalescentperiod)andthechangeofbrainridgeliquid.3◆DiagnosisanddiscriminatingdiagnosisAccordingtothediseasehistoryandthebodysigns,thediagnosisisn'tdifficult,butitisnecessarytodiscrimiateitwithcompressivemyelopathy,Guillain-Barresyndromandsoon.4◆Treatmentandnursing(1)Acutephaseofthetrialcouldbeshort-corticosteroids,anddealwithdysuriaandrespiratorymusclarparalysis.

(2)Preventandtreatthecomplications，suchasurinarytractinfection,respiratorytractinfectionandbedsore.

(3)Physicaltherapy,trainingandothertreatmentintherehabilitativeperiod.TeachingMethod(recommendation)

Taughtlawtheory

Casediscussionofteachingmethods:casesofacutemyelitis.Teachingmeansmultimediabilingualteaching.Compressivemyelopathy

Objective

Grasptheclinicalmanifestation,diagnosis,differentialdiagnosisofcompressivemyelopathyandunderstandthetherapeuticprincipleofcompressivemyelopathy.

TeachingcontentsCause

Allkindsofspinalcordtumors,inflammatorydisease,vertebraldisease.

2◆Clinicalmanifestations:emphasis

Nerveroot,conductionbeampatternsensorydisability,vegetativenervefunctionaldisturbance,reflectingchanges.3◆Diagnosisanddifferentialdiagnosis:

=1\*GB3①Determinewhethercompressivemyelopathy.

=2\*GB3②Judgethesegmentsofspinalcordcompression.

=3\*GB3③Judgetheintramedullaryorextramedullaryoppression.

=4\*GB3④Judgethereasonsofspinalcordcompression.

4Treatment:surgery,radiationtherapy,symptomatictreatment.

TeachingMethod(suggestion):

Taughtlaw:theorytaught.TheCasediscussionofteachingmethod:thecaseofcompressivemyelopathyTeachingmeans:MultimediabilingualeducationsChapter8CerebrovasculardiseaseLectureshours:7.0classesOutlineObjective1Understandsacutecerebrovasculardisease'sclassification.2Familiarwithcerebrovasculardiseaseprevention.Coursecontent1Cerebrovasculardistribution.2Acutecerebrovasculardisease'sclassification.3Theetiology,riskfactor,preventionmeasuresofscerebrovasculardisease.Teachingmeans(recommendation)LecturingmethodTheoryteachingTeachingmethods:MultimediabilingualeducationsTransientIschemicAttack(TIA)Objective1UnderstandsTransientischemicattacketiologyandpathogenesis.2MasterytheDiagnosis,differentialdiagnosis,treatmentprincipleofTIACoursecontent1Etiologyandpathogenesis:EmphasizesthecardiovascularouterofcraniallesionsEmphasizesmicroembolizationtheory.2◆Clinicalcharacteristics:keyapartialdysfunctionoftheInternalcarotidarteryandvertebralarterybloodsupply,theconceptoftime,theprognosis.3◆Diagnosisanddifferentialdiagnosis:Withepilepsy,migraine,syncope,dizziness,andotheridentification4◆PreventionandTreatmentEtiologytreatment,plateletaggregationinhibitors,etcTeachingMethod(recommendation)TaughtMethod:teachingtheory

Casediscussionofteachingmethods:TransientIschemicAttackCase

Teachingmeansmultimediabilingualteaching

CerebralThrombosis

Objective1Understandingofthepathogenesisofcerebralthrombosis

2Mastercerebralbloodsupply

andthesymptomsafterocclusion

ofmainarteries3Masterofcerebralthrombosisdiagnosisanddifferentialdiagnosisandtreatmentprinciples.Teachingcontent

1etiologyandpathogenesis

：Stressingthethreemajorelementsofthisdiseasesuchasthevascularwall,hemodynamicsandbloodcomponents,

2◆ClinicalmanifestationsTypicalclinicalmanifestationsandthemainclinicaltypes.Introducethesignificance

ofCTandMRIinthediagnosisofclinicaldiagnosis3◆DiagnosisanddifferentialdiagnosisIdentificatewithcerebralembolism,cerebralhemorrhageandsubarachnoidhemorrhagediseasesetc.

4◆TherapyThrombolytictherapy,anticoagulationtherapy,plateletaggregationinhibitors,treatmentofcerebralprotectionandSurgicaltreatment

5.Prevention6.Lacunarinfarction:concepts,diagnosisandtreatment.TeachingMethod(recommendation)Lecture:theorytaught.CaseDiscussionMethods:cerebralthrombosiscases.TheInstrumentsforTeachingmultimediaandbilingualteaching.Self-learning:thecerebralthrombosisthrombolytictherapy.CerebralEmbolismObjectiveTomasterthecerebralembolismpathogenesis,clinicalmanifestations,diagnosisanddifferentialdiagnosis,andtreatment.Outline1.Etiologyandpathogenesisprinciple:emphasizethesourceofembolus2.◆ThefocusedissuesforClinicalmanifestations.(1)Typicalclinicalmanifestationsandthemainclinicaltypes.(2)IntroducingthesignificanceofCTandMRIinthediagnosisofclinical.3.◆Thefocusedissuesfordiagnosisanddifferentialdiagnosis:Distinguishthedifferencesofthesediseases,suchascerebralthrombosis,cerebralhemorrhage,subarachnoidhemorrhageetc.4.◆ThefocusedissuesfortreatmentAnticoagulanttherapy,antiplateletagents,cerebralprotectiontreatment,surgeryandothertreatments.5.PreventionTeachingmethods:(recommendation)Lecture:theorytaught.CaseDiscussionMethods:casesofcerebralembolism.TheInstrumentsforTeaching:multimediaandbilingualteaching.CerebralHemorrhageObjective1to

understandtheetiologyandpathogenesisof

cerebralhemorrhage.2tomasterthediagnosis,identificationandtreatmentprinciplesofcerebralhemorrhageLecturingcontents1theetiologyandpathogenesis,toemphasisonhypertension,atherosclerosisandmicroarteryaneurysm.2pathology:internalhemorrhage

ofthebrainsubstanceandvulnerablesite.3◆

Clinicalmanifestation(1)thetypical

clinicalmanifestation(2)thecharacteristicsofclinicalmanifeston

themajorcerebral

hemorrhageofbrainparenchyma(internacapsule,thebasilarnucleus

area,pontine,cerebrallobe,ventricular)4◆Diagnosisanddifferentialdiagnosisdifferentialdiagnosiswithcerebralthrombosiscerebralembolism.subarachnoidhemorrhage.andsoon.5◆TreatmentDescendingcranialpressure,sedation,adjustingbloodpressure,thenursingcareandtreatmentofthe

comapatients,surgicaltreatment,theapplicationsandprecautionsaboutcorticosteroidsanddehydratingagentteachingmethod(recommendation)themethodlecture:theoreticaltelling.CasediscussionApproach:examplesofcerebralhemorrhageTeachingmeans:multimediabilingualteachingSelf-learning:surgicaltreatmentofcerebralhemorrhage

Subarachnoidhemorrhage(SAH)Objective1ToknowtheetiologyandpathogenesisofSAH2Tomastertheclinicalpresentations,diagnosis,differentialdiagnosis,treatmentandprognosis.Teachingcontent

1Etiology:cerebralcongenitalaneurysm,cerebralvascularmalformation,arteriosclerosis2Pathogenesis:thecerebralcongenitalaneurysmandvascularmalformationareeasytorupture,hemorrhageandvascularspasm,cerebralsurfacehemorrhage.3Pathology:emphasizethefrequently-occurringsitesofaneurysm.4◆Clinicalpresentation:emphasisEmphasizetheattacksituation,meningealirritationsigns,bloodcerebrospinalfluid,rarelocalsignsofCNSinjury,theclinicalvalueofDSAexamination5◆DiagnosisandDifferentialdiagnosis:emphasisDifferentiatewithcerebralembolism,atherothromboticcerebralinfarctionandintracerebralhemorrhage.6◆TreatmentSedation,dehydrant,inhibitbleedingagain,removecausativefactors,preventcomplicationsandrecurrence.TeachingMethods(recommendation)Lecture:academicteachingCasediscussion:thecaseofSAHTeachingmeans:BilingualteachingbasedonmultimediaSelf-learningcontents:thetreatmentofnervousinterventionandsurgeryonSAHChapter9theinfectionsoftheCentralNervousSystemObjective1Toknowtheetiologyandpathogenesisofvirusencephalitis2Tomastertheclinicalpresentation,diagnosis,treatmentprinciplesofvirusencephalitis(Herpessimplexvirusencephalitis)3.Knowabouttheclinicalmanifestations,diagnosisandtherapeuticprincipleofthecryptococcalmeningitis4.Acquaintedoftheclinicalmanifestations,diagnosisandtherapeuticprincipleoftheTuberculousmeningitisunderstandLecturehours:3.0hoursTeachingContentTheetiologyandpathogenesisoftheViralmeningitis：Herpessimplexvirus,propagatingalongthenerve,throughtheblood,resultingininflammatoryinfiltrationanddemyelination◆TheclinicalmanifestationsoftheAcuteherpessimplexvirusencephalitis:Acuteonset,prominentofmentaldisorders,consciousdisturbance,hyperspasmia,paralysis,fever,etc.3.◆ThediagnosisanddifferentialdiagnosisoftheAcuteherpessimplexvirusencephalitisBythemeansofCSF,EEG,aetiologicaldetection4.◆ThetreatmentsoftheAcuteherpessimplexvirusencephalitisAnti-virus,protectthebrain,symptomaticandsupportivetreatmentandhyperbaricoxygentherapy5.Theetiology,pathogenesis,clinicalmanifestations,diagnosis,differentialdiagnosis,treatmentoftheTuberculousmeningitis6.Theetiologyandpathogenesisofthecryptococcalmeningitis7.◆Theclinicalmanifestations,diagnosisanddifferentialdiagnosis,andtreatmentmethodsofthecryptococcalmeningitisTeachingMethod(Recommended)Lecturingmethod:Theoreticallecture.Teachingmeans:bilingualmultimediateachingSelf-learning:Theetiology,pathogenesisandclinicalmanifestationsofthetuberculousmeningitisChapter10DemyelinatingDiseaseinCentralNervousSystemObjective1.Acquaintedoftheconceptandclassificationofthedemyelinatingdisease2.Knowabouttheclinicalmanifestations,diagnosisandtherapeuticprincipleofthemultiplesclerosisAcquaintedoftheclinicalmanifestationsofthemultiplesclerosisandneuroopticmyelitisLecturehours:3.0hoursTeachingcontents1Thedefinitionandclassificationofdemyelinatingdiseases.2◆Thecausesandmechanismofmultiplesclerosis,especialtheautoimmunemechanism3ThepathologyofMS:theinvolvementofdifferentpartsofthecentralnervoussystem,theselesionswhichoccurinthecentralnervoussystemareselective.4◆ClinicalfindingsofMS.Clinicalfeaturesincludetheinvolvementofdifferentpartsofthecentralnervoussystematdifferenttimesandtherelapsing-remittingcourse.DemyelinatingdiseasesinAsiaandChinamainlyincludesneuromyelitisoptica,whichisthevariationofMS.5◆DiagnosisandDifferentialDiagnosisIntroducethediagnosiscriterionofMcDonaldmultiplesclerosisandemphasizethedifferentialdiagnosisofvirusencephalitisandacutedisseminationencephalomyelitis.6◆treatmentImmuno-inhibitiontherapy,generalhealthandsymptomatictreatmentnursingtreatment.Teachingmethods(recommendation)TeachingintheoryTeachingmethods:doublelanguageTeachingbymulti-mediaChapter11MovementDisordersLecturetime:3.0hoursOutlineObjectiveYouwillunderstandthemaincombinationoftheextrapyramidalsystemandthesymptomsoccurringinthedysfunctionofextrapyramidalsystem..Teachingcontents1themaincombinationofthecorpusstriatum-globuspallidussystemisdesignatedtheextropyramidalsystem.2clinicalfeaturesofthemovementdisorders:thechangeofmuscletoneandinvoluntarymovements.TeachingintheoryTeachingmethods:doublelanguageteachingbymulti-mediaParkinsonDisease(PD)Objective1.FamiliartheetiologyandpathogenesisofPD2.Grasptheclinicalmanifestations(Threemainsymptoms),diagnosisandtreatmentmethodsofPD.TeachingcontentEtiologyandpathogenesis:Ageing,Environmentalfactors,Geneticfactorsatc.PathologicalThebiochemicalpathologyandPathologicalchangesofnigrostriatalintheabsenceofdopamine.◆ClinicalmanifestationsThreemainsymptoms:Musclerigidity,tremblingandSlowmovement4.◆DiagnosisanddifferentialdiagnosisTypicaldiagnosedwithParkinson'ssyndromecausedbyvariousreasons.5.◆TherapyDrugtreatment:Anti-cholinergicdrugs,Dopaminereceptorexcitomotor,Amantadine,L-dopaetc.SurgicaltreatmentEducativemethods:Teachingtheory：Casediscussion:Teachingmeathod:MultimediaBilingualTeachingChoreaMinorObjectivetounderstandtheetiologyandpathogenesisofChoreaminor。2.FamiliartheclinicalmanifestationsandtherapyprincipleofChoreaminor。Chapter13EpilepsyObjectiveComprehendetiologicalfactorandcategoryofepilepsy.Graspclinicalmanifestationsanddiagnosismainpointsofepilepsy.GrasphighlightofpreventionandcureofepilepsyandfirstaidofstatusepilepsyLessons:3.0hoursTeachingcontentEtiologicalfactor:primaryepilepsyandsecondaryepilepsy.Attackpathology:relatingmechanismofepileptiformconvulsionduetoabnormalelectricaldischargeandconveyingfromepilepticlesion.Clinicalmanifestations:mainpointsanddifficulties.Internationalcategoryofepilepsy.Clinicalmanifestationsofpartialseizureandgeneralseizure,withattentionofexistingpossibleprimarydisease.Diagnosisanddifferentialdiagnosis:mainpoint.Evidenceofestablisheddiagnosisofepilepsy,diagnosticvalueofEEG,differentiaofhysteria,syncope,migraine.Ifdoubtingsecondaryepilepsy,shouldsearchetiologicalfactor.5PreventionandTreatment:FocusPayattentiontofactorsinthepreventionofepilepsy.Thedrugtreatmentprinciplesforcontrolofrecurrent.treatmentcauses,rescueandtreatmentofstatusepilepticus.TeachingMethods(proposal):Teachingmethod:TeachingtheoryCaseDiscussionMethods：thecasesofEpilepsyTeachingMeansMultimediaBilingualTeachingChapter17MyoneuralJunctionDiseaseObjectiveComprehendtherelationshipbetweenmyastheniagravisandautoimmunity.Masttheclinicalmanifestationandtreatmentofmyastheniagravis.Mastthedifferentialdiagnosisandtherapeuticprincipleofmyastheniagravisarticulo.Time:1.5hourContent:Etiopathogenisisandpathogenesy:Inmyastheniagravis,theantibodiesbindtheacetylcholinereceptorandcauseittobeclearedfromthesurfaceofpostsynapticmembrane.2.◆ClinicalmanifestationImpairedmuscleespeciallyocularmuscleseasytofatigue;theclinicalmanifestationofallkindsofMG;theconcept,classificationandcauseofmyastheniagravisarticulo.3.◆Diagnosisand