Unit2Sailingtheoceansperiod1Warmingupandreading市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

SailingtheoceansUnit2第1页Wordsminimumpoleoverheadoffshoreoutwardsecuremagneticadj.最小;最低n.地极;柱;杆adj.在头上adv.在头顶上;在空中adj.离岸;海面上adj.外面;向外adv.向外;在外adj.安全;可靠adj.磁;有磁性第2页awkwardreferenceprecisesimplifyportableshortcomingupdatedtendencyreliableadj.难使用;拙笨n.参考adj.准确;准确vt.单一化;简单化adj.轻便;手提n.缺点;短处vt.更新n.趋向;倾向adj.可靠;可信赖第3页1Whatisanavigator?2Whatisthedifferencebetweenanavigatorandanexplorer?WarmingUpInpairsdiscussthesequestions:Anavigatorexploresnewroutesacrossthesea.Anavigatorexploresthesea;anexplorerdiscoversnewplacesonland.第4页3Lookatthesefamouspeople.Aretheynavigatorsorexplorers?Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?第5页ZhengHe,intheyearbetween1405and1433,sevenlargetreasurefleetssailedwestwardsonvoyagesoftradeandexploration.UnderthecommandofZhengHe,thefleetssetsailfromtheSouthChinaSeaacrosstheIndianOceantotheRedSea,andthentraveledfurthersouth,discoveringtheeasterncoastofAfrica.HerenewedrelationswiththeKingdomsoftheEastAfrican.第6页

WhenMarcoPolowasstillveryyoung,hedecidedtotraveltogetherwithhisfather.IttookthemmorethanthreeyearstotraveltoChina.Afternearlyseventeenyears’travelintheEast,Marcoandhisfatherwantedtoreturnhome.MarcoPoloMarcoPolowasborninVenicein1254.HewasthemostfamousforeignertovisitAsiaduringtheMiddleAges.第7页JamesCook(1728-1779)wasthegreatestBritainnavigator.CookenlistedintheRoyalNavyin1755.In1768hewaspromotedandsenttothePacificwherehesurveyedTahiti,NewZealand,andAustralia.Onhisfamous2ndexpedition(1772-75)heexploredAntarctica.In1776inhisthirdandfinalvoyage,heexploredtheWestcoastofNorthAmericaanddiscoveredtheHawaiianIslands.第8页Navigatorissomeonewhofindsthepositionandplotsthecourseofaship,anaircraft,acar,etc,usingmapsandinstruments.

Navigator

seanauticalinstrumentsfindnewislandsorcontinents第9页Explorerissomeonewhotravelsintoorthroughaplaceinordertolearnaboutit.Veryoftennavigatorsarealsoexplorers.

Explorer

landuseofcompassandlandmarksfindnewplaceswithinanalreadyidentifiedislandorcontinent第10页1Howdoyouthinkseamenfoundtheirwaybeforemodernaccuratemethodsofnavigationwereinvented?Pre-readingLookatthepicturesonpage11.Thenanswerthequestions.Keptclosetotheshore,usednaturesuchasthesun,wind,birds,tide,etc,tohelpthem,andusedsomeoftheinstrumentsincludingacompass,astrolabe,etc.第11页

2Whichdoyouthinkwaseasiertoworkout:latitudeorlongitude?Latitude,becauseitwasusedtomeasurehowfaryouhadtravelledfromlandonastraightline.Itwasdiscoveredalongtimebeforelongitude.第12页3Canyouidentifytheseearlynavigationalinstrumentsseamenusedandexplainhowtheyareused?

1_________________________2_________3_________4________________________compass(inancientChina)astrolabesextantsea/nautical/marinechart第13页4Whichonesdoyouthinkarestillusedtoday?

Seacharts第14页SAILINGTHEOCEANSReadingNowreadaboutwhatnavigationwaslikebeforemoderninstrumentswereused.第15页1Whatistheuseofabearingcircle,astrolabe,quadrantorsextant?()Whatistheuseofacompass?()

AtosetthecourseoftheshipBtomeasurethepositionoftheshipCtomeasurethespeedoftheshipDtotellthetimeBAComprehending1Readthepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.第16页Speedandtimeareimportantinfindingoutthelongitudeofashipbecausetheearthmovesfifteendegreeswestwardseveryhour.Ifyouknowyourdirection,speedandtime,youcanworkouttheapproximatelongitudeorchangeinyourpositioninrelationtothestars.Whyarespeedandtimeimportantinworkingoutthelongitudeofaship?第17页Becausetheyarefixedpointsintheskyandtheirmovementsinrelationtotheeartharealreadyknown.Sotheycanbeusedtomeasureaship'sposition.

3Whyisthepositionofthesunandvariousstarsusefulforworkingoutlatitude?第18页SAILINGTHEOCEANSUsingnaturetokeepalongsidecoastlinePart1UsingnavigationalinstrumentstohelpPart2UsingcelestialbodiesUsingthewildlifeFindinglongitudeUsingtheseaFindinglatitudeUsingtheweather第19页3

Whatwouldyoudoifyoucameacrossthefollowingproblemsduringyourvoyage?Readthechartbelowandfillinyourplansofactiontodealwiththem.Whatwouldyoudoif:Planofaction

Youwerefarfromlandandastormarose.waittillthestormisover,andthenfindyournewpositionandreturntoyouroriginalcourse第20页Youknewyourlatitudebutdidn'tknowyourlongitude.Youwereblownoff-course.useknotstofindyourspeedandworkoutyourapproximatelongitude

usethecompassandtheastrolabe,quadrantorsextanttofindoutyourposition,returntoyourformercourse

第21页Youwereoffshorebutyouneededmorefoodandwater.Youwantedtokeepastraightcourse.follownestingbirdstoshore;lookforspecialcloudformationsorfogoverstreamstofindlanduseacompass

第22页Youwerelostwithnolandinsight.measureyourpositionusingthesunorstars;lookforseabirds,cloudformations,fogorseaweedtoshowthatlandisnearby第23页Tofindtheship’spositionatseaasailorusedtheNorthStarandthesun.4

Readthepassageagainandusetheinformationtoanalysethenavigationalskills.Writetheanswersinyourownwords.Usingnature第24页

2Asailorknewthatlandwasnearbyifhesaw_____________________________________________________.3Sailorsused__________________________toincreasetheirspeed.

freshseaweed,nestingbirdsreturninghomeintheeveningorfogseacurrentsortidesandwinds第25页

Usinginstruments

4Thereweretwomethodstofindlongitude:1_________________________

2___________________________________________.measuringtimeandspeedcompassandcomplicatedmathematicaltables第26页

5Writedowntheworkingprinciplesofthefollowinginstruments:Beatingcircle:__________________________________________________________________.Astrolabe:

_______________________________________________________________.tocomparetheheightofthesunnowwiththepositionofthe'sunatmiddaytocomparethepositionoftheshipinrelationtosomestarsorthesun第27页Quadrant:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.amorepreciseformoftheastrolabe,tomeasurehowhighstarsareabovethehorizon,andcomparethatmeasurementwithpreviousmeasurements(usingtheshipasoneofthefixedpointstofinditsposition)第28页Sextant:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

anupdatedversionofthequadrantandsoitwasmoreaccurate,tomeasuretheanglebetweentwofixedpointsoutsidetheship(usingtwomirrorstofindtheship'sposition)第29页5Imagineyouareonaboatwithtwenty-nineotherpeople.Youhaveasmallboxforyourpersonalthingsbutitcanonlyholdtenitems.Whatwouldyouneedforaweek'sjourneyacrosstheNorthSeatoEngland?第30页CategoryItemsCategoryItemsClothesShoesHygieneToolsBeddingMedicinesGamesBooksshirt,trouserswaterproofbootssoapscissors,knifeblanketsea-sicktablets,coldmedicine

cards,chessnovels,essaycollections第31页1.atthemercyof听任…摆布，在…面前无能为力Theywerelostatseaatthemercyofwindandweather.have/showmercyonsb.宽恕或怜悯某人；withoutmercy毫不容情地Languagepoints第32页Avoid(making)anyreferencetohisillness.千万别提起他病。2.referencen.①提到;说到;包括

②附注;旁注

checkyourreferences要查对引证资料第33页【知识拓展】referv.提到，说起，包括；参考，查询，常与to连用。WhenIsaidsomepeoplearestupidIwasn’treferringtoyou.当我说某个人很愚蠢时候，我没有提到你。Ifyoudon’tknowwhatthismeans,pleaserefertothedictionary.假如你不知道这是什么意思，请查看字典。第34页Shesimplifiedtheinstructionssothatthechildrencouldunderstandthem.她简化了指令方便于儿童了解。3simplifyv.简化;使单纯Thatwillsimplifymytask.那可简化了我工作。第35页1.Thedatashouldbeupdatedonceaweek.这些数据应该每星期更新一次。2.Mapsneedregul