英语与中西方思维差异课件

UNIT11languageandCulturalPatternsofThought公LOGOGroup10朱力颖胡佳晟白鸣鸣蔡婉静Catalogue1TheSapir-whorfHypothesis2Caseanalysis:Cultureunderstandingofvocabulary3Caseanalysis:CultureunderstandingofSyntacticstructure4GUESSGame!!5公司LOGO11/1/2022thesummarizeofthetext

公LOGO11/1/2022summarizeofthetext

part.1Culture

Ifwewanttodiscusstherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture,weshouldknowwhatdoestheword"culture"meanatfirst.However,theconceptofcultureissobroadthatthereisnotasingledefinitionorcentraltheoryofwhatitis.SomostscholarsagreethatthedescriptionshouldincludethethreecategoriessubmittedbyAlmaneyandAlwan:Culturesmaybeclassifiedbythreelargecategoriesofelements:artifacts;concepts;andbehaviors.Andthereissuggestedthatanotherwayofunderstandingcultureistostudyitscharacteristics,sixofwhicharespecialimportancetolanguage,cultureandinterculturalcommunication.11/1/2022TheIntrinsicRelationshipofLanguageandCulture

TheintrinsicrelationshipoflanguageandcultureaspresumedintheSapir-Whorfhypothesishasbeenwidelyrecognized,althoughthereissomecontroversy.Thevocabularyoflanguageprovidesaninterestingreflectionofthepeoplewhospeakit.Exceptinscientificandtechnologicaldomains,manyworddonotmeanthesamethingastheirtranslationequivalentsinotherlanguages.Therearenumerousexamplesoflanguagesthathavehighlyspecializedvocabulariesforparticularfeaturesoftheenvironment.suchasthelargenumberofwordsforsnowintheEskimolanguage,andasetofwordsabout"rice"inChinese.

Abetterexplanationforlinguisticdifferencesisthatvariationsinthecomplexityandrichnessofalanguage'svocabularyreflectwhatisimportanttothepeoplewhospeakthatlanguage.However,wearecertainthatdifferencesinthewordsandconceptsofalanguagedoaffecttheeasewithwhichapersoncanchangefromonelanguagetoanotherbecausethereisadynamicinterrelationshipamonglanguage,thought,andculture.LanguageandCulturalThoughtPatterns

Thereisaninextricableconnectionbetweencultureandlanguage.Languageortheverbalprocessesarevitallyrelatedtoperceptionandtheattachmentandexpressionofmeaning.Inthemostbasicsense,languageisanorganized,generallyagreedupon,learnedsymbolsystemusedtorepresenthumanexperienceswithinageographicorculturalcommunity.Languageistheprimaryvehiclebywhichaculturetransmitsitsbeliefs,values,normsandworldview.Meanwhile,languageinfluencesperceptions,transmitsmeaning,andhelpsmoldpatternsofthought.Andoneofthewell-knowntheoreticalassumptionsregardingtheculturalthinkingpatternsistheSapir-WhorfHypothesisofLinguisticRelativitywhichtriestolinklanguagewiththeculturalthinkingpattern.TheSapir-whorfHypothesispart2.公司LOGO11/1/2022Twomajorcomponents(1)one’sthinkingiscompletelydeterminedby

hisnativelanguagebecauseonecanonlyperceivetheworldintermsofthecategoriesanddistinctionsencodedinthelanguage.11/1/2022LINGUISTICDETERMINISM语言决定论Sapirsaidhumanbeingsdonotliveintheobjectiveworldsalone,nordotheylivealoneintheworldofsocialactivityasoriginalunderstanding.instead,theyare

greatlyinfluencedbytheparticularlanguageservingasthemediumofexpressionfortheirsociety.Twoversionsincontemporaryage.①thestrongversion:itreferstotheclaimtheoriginalhypothesismakes,emphasizingthedecisiveroleoflanguageastheshaperofourthinkingpatterns.②theweakversion:itisamodifiedversionoftheoriginaltheory,suggestingthatthereisacorrelationbetweenlanguage,culture,andthought,butthecross-culturaldifferencesthusproducedinourwaysofthinkingarerelative,ratherthancategorical.11/1/2022howdoinitialexperienceswithlanguageshapeorinfluencetheway

inwhichapersonthinks?

Dothecategoriesofalanguage-itswords,grammer,andusage-influencehowpeoplethinkandbehave?Tobemorespecific,Doourexperiencewithwithforeignlanguagesshape,influenceorchangeourunderstandingoftheworld? QuestionhereCaseanalysis:Cultureunderstandingofvocabularypart3.公司LOGO11/1/2022VocabularyandculturalthoughtpatternsThereisaverycloseconnectionbetweenlanguageandculturalthoughtpatterns.ontheonehand,languagecan’tdowithoutculturalthoughtpatterns,ontheotherhand,culturalthoughtpatternsdominatelanguage.公司LOGO11/1/2022VocabularyandculturalthoughtpatternsThewordsoflanguageplaysaveryimportantroleinlanguage.TheFamousBritishlinguistDAWikingoncesaid

withoutgrammar,peoplecan’texpressalotofthings,butwithoutwords,peoplecan'ttellanything公司LOGO11/1/2022VocabularyandculturalthoughtpatternsAscholarhasgavenanexampleinthearticleLanguageshapethought：afive-yearsoldgirlfromaSmallindigenoustribecalledPormpuraaw（朋布罗）caneasilypointoutthenorth,however,manyoutstandingscholarscan’t.Thisisbecausethereisonlythewordsdescribetheabsolute

positionSuchaseast,southinKuukThaayorre(库塔语)，andthereisnowordsdescribetherelative

positionsuchasrightandleft.Sotheusersofthislanguagecanidentifythedirectioninastrangeenvironmentquickly公司LOGO11/1/2022Vocabularyandculturalthoughtpatterns公司LOGO11/1/2022EnglishspeakerHebrewspeakerKuukThaayorrespeakerfollowtheorderfromlefttorightfollowtheorderfromrighttoleftfollowtheorderfromeasttowest数字统计ThisexampleshowsushowthewordsofthelanguageinfluencetheabilityofspatialcognitiveVocabularyandculturalthoughtpatternsBack

in

2004,the

M.I.T.

team

reported

that

the

Piraha

people

seemedto

havetermsthatdescribed“little”

or

“many.”Thereisnowordsthatdescribe“three”,”four”

etc,whichcausetheycan’tdescribetheaccuratequantityThisexampleshowsusthathowthewordsinfluencethethoughtpatternsofnumbers(数字统计)VocabularyandculturalthoughtpatternsThewordsoflanguagealsoinfluencethecognizeoftime,genderandtheunderstandingofthesamefact,andsoonSyntacticstructureComplete&Incomplete1Early&Late2Reason&Result3Startingpoint&Endpoint4Subject&Topic5——ImpactofcultureonthinkingembodiedinSyntax1.Complete&IncompleteEnglishsentenceshouldbecompletelogically.Butchinesesentencesometimesisnot.Example:①他人小志气大。

Although

he

is

young,

he

has

a

great

ambition.②已经晚了，

我们回去吧。

Let‟s

go

home,

as

it

is

late.③对于要想上大学的学生来说，

他们需要参加国家规定的学术能力测试。

For

the

students

who

hope

to

go

to

a

university,

they

need

to

take

SATs.

2.Early&LateInenglishsentence,subjectandpredicateshouldbeclosenomatterwhichthinghappensearlier.Butinchinesesentence,youshouldputtheearlierthingfirst.Example:①她

晚饭后

看

电视。

She

watched

television

after

supper.

②教授

在家里

写书。

The

professor

wrote

his

book

at

home.

4.Startingpoint&EndpointChinesesentenceisorderedbytimeandspace.Butenglishsentenceisnot.Example:①他

从武汉

经郑州

来

到北京。（startingpoint→midpoint→endpoint）

He

came

to

Beijing

from

Wuhan

through

Zhengzhou.