2020外研社·国才杯全国英语阅读大赛样题

2020“外研社·国才杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题赛题分值说明：1.线上初赛：题型仅为客观题，即ReadandKnow，ReadandReason，ReadandQuestion三个模块，共40题，答题时间为110分钟，满分100分。第1-3题每题1分，第4-9题每题2分，第10题5分，第11-30题每题3分，第31-40题每题2分。2.复赛和决赛：题型包含客观题和主观题，即ReadandKnow，ReadandReason，ReadandQuestion，ReadandCreate四个模块，共41题，答题时间为150分钟，满分100分。第1-3题每题1分，第4-9题每题2分，第10题5分，第11-30题每题1.5分，第31-40题每题2分，第41题30分。注：本样题仅供了解大赛题型，不提供参考答案；体验更多大赛真题，可加入备赛课程《阅读大赛真题——2019》，全面了解大赛题型，充分把握考查要点，官方赛事系统iTEST提供即时反馈，支持反复练习。

PartIReadandKnowInPartI,

youwillreadshorttextsofvariouskinds.Readtheinstructionscarefullyandanswerthequestions.(Timeallowed:20minutes)Questions1-3(Suggestedcompletiontime:3minutes)Directions:Readthefollowingquotes.Matchthequoteswiththepeople.Pleasenotetherearetwoextraoptionsyoudonotneed.Question4(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetextandanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Toensurethehighstandardsoffacilitiesweneedtobuildnewwards,laboratoriesandconsultingrooms.Inshort,weneedyourhelpnow.Completethecoupontodayandrestassuredthatyourdonationisgoingtothebestpossiblecause.4.Whereisthepieceoftexttakenfrom?A.

anadvertisement

B.

aninstructionbooklet

C.

astory

D.

anewspaperQuestion5(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetextandanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Fewcornersoftheworldremainuntaintedbyintrepidtourists,andtheirimpactisoftendevastating.Toofrequentlytheytrampleheedlesslyonfragileenvironments,displacingwildlifeandlocalpopulationsintheirinsatiablequestforunexploredlocations.5.Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A.

TheFutureofTourism

B.

TheRoleofTourism

C.

ThePriceofTourism

D.

TheBenefitsofTourismQuestion6(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetextandanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.WithE-booksalesincreasingbymorethan300%forthesecondyear,publishersdeliveringnewrevenuestreamsthroughE-bookApps,andacademicpublisherslonghavingderivedsome90%oftheirrevenueonline,itisatravestytodescribeallthisasthepublishingworldbeing"indenial"aboutdigital.6.Whatisthemainideaofthistext?A.

PublishersaremakingprofitsfromE-booksales.

B.

Notallpublishersarethreatenedbydigitalstorms.

C.

E-booksbecomeamainsourceofrevenueforpublishers.

D.

Traditionalpublishingindustryisdyingout.Question7(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetextandanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.

Withourtravelagency,theholidayyoubookistheholidayyouget.Ifyouarriveandfindwe'vefailedtoliveuptoourpromises,letusknowwhattheproblemiswithinonedayofyourarrival.We'llspend24hoursdoingeverythingpossibletosorttheproblemout.Intheunlikelyeventthatwecan'tresolveyourproblemandmakeyouhappywithin24hours,we'llflyyouhomeandgiveyourmoneyback.7.Thetextcouldbestbedescribedas__________.A.

acommitment

B.

anappeal

C.

awarning

D.

avowQuestion8(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetextandanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.

Thenewdigitalcamerasaregreatfunandveryeasytouse.Theyletyoureviewyourpicturesthemomentyoutakethem,soyoucanre-shootrightawayifyou'renotsatisfied.Butremember,adigitalcameraisjustacomputerXXXX.It'snotareplacementforyourordinarycamera.8.WhatisthemeaningofthemissingwordXXXXinthetext?A.

"somethingthatispoorquality"

B.

"anitemthatisnotessential,somethingextra"

C.

"somethingexpensivebutgoodvalueformoney"

D.

"afashionwhichalwaysremainspopular"Question9(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetextandanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Shehadgonealone,butthechildrenweretogotothestationtomeether.Andlovingthestationastheydid,itwasonlynaturalthattheyshouldbethereagoodhourbeforetherewasanychanceofMother'strainarriving,evenifthetrainwerepunctual,whichwasmostunlikely.9.Whatcanyousayabouttheirmother'strain?A.

Itwouldprobablybeearly.

B.

Itwouldprobablybeontime.

C.

Itwouldprobablybelate.

D.

Ithadbeencancelled.Question10(Suggestedcompletiontime:5minutes)Directions:Thebarchartshowsthenumberandproportionofundernourishedpeopleinthedevelopingregions,from1990-1992to2014-2016.Answerthequestionaccordingtotheinformationinthechart.Source:

TheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDG)Report2015

10.ChoosetheINCORRECTdescriptionaboutthechart.A.

Thelatestestimatessuggestthatnearlyoneinnineindividualsdonothaveenoughtoeatbetween2014and2016.

B.

Projectionsindicatethatthe2015MDGtargetisnearlyreached,with12.9percentofundernourishedpopulation.

C.

Thesituationnoticeablyimprovedduringtheyears1995-1999,butwentdowninthefirstfiveyearsofthenewmillennium.

D.

Theproportionofundernourishedpeopleinthedevelopingregionshasfallenbyalmosthalfsince1990.PartIIReadandReasonInPartII,youwillreadshorttextsondifferentsubjects.Readtheinstructionscarefullyandanswerthequestionsbasedonlogicalinferenceandreasoning.(Timeallowed:55minutes)Question11(Suggestedcompletiontime:4minutes)Directions:Readthefollowingdefinitionofalogicalfallacy.Answerthequestionaccordingtothedefinition.11.Whichofthefollowingprovidesatypicalexampleof

poisoningthewell?A.

That'smystanceonfundingtheeducationsystem,andanyonewhodisagreeswithmehateschildren.

B.

Youaresoweird.Thatmeans—weareprettymuchsure—thatyourwholefamilyisweird,too.

C.

GodexistsbecausetheBiblesaysso.TheBibleisinspired.Therefore,weknowthatGodexists.

D.

Idon'tcarewhatyousay.Wedon'tneedanymorebookshelves.Aslongasthecarpetisclean,wearefine.Question12(Suggestedcompletiontime:4minutes)Directions:Lookatthefollowingpictureandthenanswerthequestion.12.Whichofthefollowinglogicalfallaciesdoesthepictureillustrate?A.

FalseDilemma:

anargumentthatpresentsalimitedsetoftwopossiblecategoriesandassumesthateverythinginthescopeofthediscussionmustbeanelementofthatset

B.

GuiltbyAssociation:

afallacyusedtodiscreditanargumentforproposinganideathatissharedbysomesociallydemonizedindividualorgroup

C.

NoTrueScotsman:

anargumentcomingupaftersomeonehasmadeageneralclaimaboutagroupofthingsandthenbeenpresentedwithevidencechallengingthatclaim

D.

HastyGeneralization:

afallacycommittedwhenoneformsaconclusionfromasamplethatiseithertoosmallortoospecialtoberepresentativeQuestions13-14Reasoning(Suggestedcompletiontime:10minutes)13.Manypeoplereportthatexposuretocertainfoodsanddrinkssuchascheese,chocolate,andredwine,isassociatedwiththeonsetofmigraineheadaches.Otherpeoplereportthatexposuretocertainsmells(especiallystrongperfumes)seemstotriggeramigraineheadache,andsomenotethatexposuretobrightandflickeringlightscanbefollowedbyamigraine.Itwouldseemthatapersonwithatendencytogetmigrainesshouldtrytofindoutwhichofthesesituationsisassociatedwiththeonsetoftheheadacheandthenavoidthisstimulus.Allofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmaketheaboverecommendationimpracticalexcept:A.

Thetimedelaybetweenthetriggerandtheonsetoftheheadachecanmakeitexceptionallydifficulttoidentifythetrigger.

B.

Thepresenceofaknowntriggerdoesn'talwayscauseamigraine.

C.

Inahighproportionofcasesthepatientsreportmultipletriggersfortheirheadaches.

D.

Mostoftheknowntriggersarecommonandalmostunavoidablefeaturesofmodernlife.14.

Richard:

Thenationalbudgetshouldprovidesignificantincreasesinalllevelsofeducationintheupcomingyear.Natalie:

That'snotfair.Areductionindefensespendinginpeacetimemaybringusexcessiverisks.Wecan'taffordit.WhichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationofNatalie'sargument?A.

Fundssavedfromdefensehavebeendivertedtoalllevelsofeducation.

B.

Highlightingspendingoneducationdangerouslyimpactsonspendingonthemilitary.

C.

Thesizeofthemilitarybudgetreflectsastate'sabilitytofundeducationalactivities.

D.

Comparedwithmilitaryspending,investingineducationwillcreateafinancialcrisis.Questions15-17(Suggestedcompletiontime:6minutes)Directions:Readthetextaboutasciencediscovery.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothetext.ManipulatingMemoryMemoryisnotoriouslymalleable.Ourrecollectionsfadeandtakeonnewmeanings;sometimeswerememberthingsthatneverevenhappened.But

15

.Recently,however,scientistshavestartedtograspandtinkerwithmemory'sphysicalbasis.Lastyear,inworkevocativeoffilmssuchas

EternalSunshineoftheSpotlessMind

andInception,researchersdiscoveredwaystomanipulatespecificmemoriesinmiceusingoptogenetics,apowerfultechniquethatcantriggernervecellsinanimals'brainsbyzappingthemwithbeamsoflaserlight.Inaseriesofexperiments,theyshowedthattheycoulddeleteexistingmemoriesand

"incept"

falseones.Thisyear,researcherswentevenfurther:switchingtheemotionalcontentofamemoryinmicefrombadtogoodandviceversa.Underthelaser,forexample,malemicethathadonceassociatedacertainroomwithbeingshockedweretrickedintoactingasthoughtheyhadoncemetfriendlyfemalemicethereinstead.Whetherthemiceintheseexperimentsactuallyexperiencedvividfalsememoriesorjustafuzzysenseofpleasureorfearisunclear.Norisitclearwhetherthefindingsapplytothetricksofmemorysofamiliartopeople.Long-soughttherapeuticadvances,suchastreatmentsforpost-traumaticstressdisorder,couldremainfaroff.Onethingiscertain,however:Onceconsideredbeyondscientificdissection,memoryisfinallystartingtoyielditssecrets.15.

Whichofthefollowingbestfitsthenumberedspaceinthetext?A.

whatisreallyhappeninginourbrainasmemoriesareremodeledremainsmysterious

B.

scientistsarecuriousaboutwhypeopleareoblivioustowhathavehappenedtothem

C.

advancedtechnologyhashelpedscientistsdiscovertheworkingsofourbrain

D.

somescientistsarguethatwhatweobserveabouthumanmemoryisnotwhatitreallyis16.

Theword

"incept"

isclosestinmeaningto________.A.

operate

B.

start

C.

detect

D.

occupy17.

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A.

People'sfalsememoriesresultfromtheimpactofdifferentemotionprovokedbylaterexperienceonthesamespot.

B.

Thesuccessinresearchindicatesthatitwon'tbelongthatatherapyisworkedoutforpeopledisturbedbypainfulmemory.

C.

Byzappingthebraincellsofmicewithlight,researchersareabletocreate,erase,oraltertheirmemories,goodorbad.

D.

Manyfancyideasinsciencefictionsormoviesthatarebasedonthemactuallydrawgreatlyuponscientificachievement.Questions18-19(Suggestedcompletiontime:4minutes)Directions:Readthetextaboutcholera.DecidewhetherthestatementsareTrueorFalseaccordingtothetext.Achildreceivestheoralcholeravaccine

ShancholCholeraiscausedbyabacterialinfectionoftheintestine.Approximatelyonein20peopleinfectedwithcholerahasaseriouscase,withsymptomsincludingseverediarrhea,vomiting,andlegcramps.Thesesymptomsquicklycausedehydrationandshock,andcanresultindeathwithinhoursiftheinfectedpersondoesn'treceivetreatment.Choleraistypicallytransmittedbycontaminatedfoodorwater.Inareaswithpoortreatmentofsewageanddrinkingwater,thefecesofpeoplewithcholeracanenterthewatersupplyandspreadquickly,resultinginanepidemic.Thecholerabacteriummayalsoliveintheenvironmentinsomecoastalwaters,soshellfisheatenrawcanbeasourceofcholerainaffectedareas.18.Choleraisknowntobealife-threateningdiseasewhicheasilycausesdeathofmostofthepatients.

True(

)

False(

)19.Choleratypicallyoccursinareasneartheseaortheriverwherecontaminatedfoodisamajorsourceofthedisease.

True(

)

False(

)Questions20-21(Suggestedcompletiontime:5minutes)Directions:ReadtheabstractofaresearchpaperfromtheDeepMindwebsite.DecidewhetherthestatementsareTrueorFalseaccordingtotheabstract.TeachingMachinestoReadandComprehendAuthors:K.M.Hermann,T.Kočiský,E.Grefenstette,L.Espeholt,W.Kay,M.Suleyman,P.BlunsomPublished:NIPS2015Abstract:

Teachingmachinestoreadnaturallanguagedocumentsremainsanelusivechallenge.Machinereadingsystemscanbetestedontheirabilitytoanswerquestionsposedonthecontentsofdocumentsthattheyhaveseen,butuntilnowlargescaletrainingandtestdatasetshavebeenmissingforthistypeofevaluation.Inthisworkwedefineanewmethodologythatresolvesthisbottleneckandprovideslargescalesupervisedreadingcomprehensiondata.Thisallowsustodevelopaclassofattentionbaseddeepneuralnetworksthatlearntoreadrealdocumentsandanswercomplexquestionswithminimalpriorknowledgeoflanguagestructure.20.Previousstudiesdidn'ttakeconstantefforttoevaluatethereadingabilityofartificialintelligencemachines,whichwaswhythepresentresearchwasconducted.

True(

)

False(

)

21.Oneimplicationoftheresearchisthatamethodologythathelpsgatherandhandlebigdataisindispensabletoartificialintelligencerelatedstudies.

True(

)

False(

)Questions22-23(Suggestedcompletiontime:6minutes)Directions:Readthetextaboutthe"Thinksmall"advertisingcampaign.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothetext.ThinkSmallIfyou'reinterestedinmarketingandadvertising,Volkswagen's"Thinksmall"campaignfortheBeetlewhenitwasfirstintroducedtoNorthAmericain1959loomslargeasoneofthegreatestadvertisingcampaignsofalltime.Itwasn'tjustarevolutioninautomotiveadvertising;itchangedtheentireindustry.UntiltheBeetlehitthemarket,automotivemarketingcopywasfullofbluster,andtheimageswereflightsoffancy,emphasizinglow,longlinesandafantasylifestyle.Theclean,simplephotographyonawhitebackgroundthatemphasizedtheBeetle'scompact,practicalformmayseemcommonplacethesedays,butitwasarevolutioninaworldwhereAmericansgrewupobsessedwithmusclecars,horsepower,andtiresmoke.Makingthecarsmall,whentheconventionwastomakeitfillthepage,wasalsonovel.Thesimplisticapproachtodesignandlayoutwastotallycontrarytotheadvertisingconventionsofthetime.____22_____

Thetextwasminimalistinbothlookandcontent,presentingthefactssimplyinsteadoftryingtoweavetalltalesandfantasies;andinsteadofbluster,itusheredinanintelligentsenseofhumorthatmadereadersfeelliketheywereinonthejoke.Themessagewasoneofsmartanti-luxury,andtookgentleaimatanindustryobsessedwithsuperficialityandstyling,ratherthanthesubstanceunderneaththecarbodies.Notonlydoes"Thinksmall"continuetoinspireVolkswagenadvertisingtothisday,itusheredinacreativerevolutionintheadvertisingbusinessandchangedtheworldofmarketingforever."Thinksmall"showedthepowerofhumorandhonesty,anditsphotographicanddesignprinciplesbroughtaboutamajorshiftinthelookandfeelofmarketingaroundtheworld.22.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestfitsthenumberedspaceinthetext?A.

Whatdefinedtheadevenmorethanitsvisualstylewasthetoneofitscopy.

B.

Thisadstartsoffdoingtheexactoppositeofwhatyouwouldexpectinacarad.

C.

Thiswasanexerciseinminimalismandaveryaccuratereflectionontheproductitself.

D.

Thecarwasn'tdepictedasanintegralpieceofthedailylivesofamiddleclassfamily.23.Itcanbeinferredthattheadvertisingconventionsofthe1950swerereflectedinthefollowingexceptthat

___________.A.

Theadsinthe1950stypicallyshowedproudownersandpassengersevokinggreatjoyaboutnewshinybigacquisitions.

B.

Themarketingconceptthenfocusedonprovidingasmuchinformationaspossibletothereadersuchasthewayit'screated.

C.

Themarketingschemesassociatedtheadvertisedproductwithanideaorawayoflivingfromaverageconsumers'perspective.

D.

Themarketingpracticemayattachimportancetoasenseofhumorbroughtbytheuseofexaggeratedlanguage.Questions24-25(Suggestedcompletiontime:4minutes)Directions:Readthefollowingsixremarksconcerningthecrowd.FourofthemaretakenfromGustaveLeBon'sbook,

TheCrowd:AStudyofthePopularMind.ChoosethetworemarksthatmayNOTbetakenfromthebook.24-25._______TheCrowdA.

Incrowdsitisstupidityandnotmotherwitthatisaccumulated.

B.

Crowdsmostenvythelonelymanwhowalksconfidentlyasifheiswalkingwiththegreatcrowds!

C.

Acrowdisnotmerelyimpulsiveandmobile.Likeasavage,itisnotpreparedtoadmitthatanythingcancomebetweenitsdesireandtherealizationofitsdesire.

D.

Iwalkedwiththem,ascrowdshavethateffectonme,Iwanttodowhattheydo,tojourneytowardssomepointofrevelation,whichofcoursenevercomes.

E.

Crowds,beingincapablebothofreflectionandofreasoning,aredevoidofthenotionofimprobability;anditistobenotedthatinageneralwayitisthemostimprobablethingsthatarethemoststriking.

F.

…theindividualformingpartofacrowdacquires,solelyfromnumericalconsiderations,asentimentofinvinciblepowerwhichallowshimtoyieldtoinstinctswhich,hadhebeenalone,hewouldperforcehavekeptunderrestraint.Questions26-28(Suggestedcompletiontime:5minutes)Directions:Readthetextaboutafly.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothetext.TheFlyAtthatmomentthebossnoticedthataflyhadfallenintohisbroadinkpot,andwastryingfeeblybutdesperatelytoclamberoutagain."Help!Help!"saidthosestrugglinglegs.Butthesidesoftheinkpotwerewetandslippery;itfellbackagainandbegantoswim.Thebosstookupapen,pickedtheflyoutoftheink,andshookitontoapieceofblotting-paper.Forafractionofaseconditlaystillonthedarkpatchthatoozedroundit.Thenthefrontlegswaved,tookhold,and,pullingitssmall,soddenbodyup,itbegantheimmensetaskofcleaningtheinkfromitswings.Overandunder,overandunder,wentalegalongawing,asthestonegoesoverandunderthescythe.Thentherewasapause,whilethefly,seemingtostandonthetipsofitstoes,triedtoexpandfirstonewingandthentheother.Itsucceededatlast,and,sittingdown,itbegan,likeaminutecat,tocleanitsface.Nowonecouldimaginethatthelittlefrontlegsrubbedagainsteachotherlightly,joyfully.

27

.26.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A.

Thebosssavedtheflyoutofhisbroadinkpot.

B.

Theflywastrappedbythethickinkonitswings.

C.

Thepassagedescribeshowaflysurvivedanaccident.

D.

Thepassageshowshowaflyconqueredachallenge.27.Whichofthefollowingstatementcanbestfitinthenumberedspace?A.

Thehorribledangerwasover;ithadescaped;itwasreadyforlifeagain.

B.

Thebosswasrelievednow,reassuredthattheflyhadbeenoutofdanger.

C.

Butthefrontlegswaved,caughthold,and,moreslowlythistime,thetaskrestarted.

D.

Butsuchagrindingfeelingofwretchednessseizedhimthathefeltpositivelyfrightened.28.Thetoneofthetextcanbedescribedasacomplexmixtureofanythingbut_______.A.

sympathetic

B.

humorous

C.

cheerful

D.

depressingQuestions29-30(Suggestedcompletiontime:7minutes)Directions:ReadthetextaboutChacoCulture.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothetext.The"ChacoCulture",asmodern-dayarchaeologistscallit,flourishedbetweenroughlythe9thand13thcenturiesA.D.andwascenteredatChacoCanyoninwhatisnowNewMexico.ThepeopleoftheChacoCulturebuiltimmensestructuresthatattimesencompassedmorethan500rooms.Theyalsoparticipatedinlong-distancetradethatbroughtcacao,macaws(atypeofparrot),turquoiseandcoppertoChacoCanyon.

29_______,researchershavetorelyontheartifactsandstructurestheyleftbehind,aswellasoralaccountsthathavebeenpassedonthroughgenerations,toreconstructwhattheirliveswerelike.ArchaeologistsgenerallyagreethatChacoCanyonwasthecenterofChacoCulture.TodaythecanyonisanationalparkandaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.TheNationalParkServiceestimatesthatthereareabout4,000archaeologicalsitesinthepark,includingmorethanadozenimmensestructuresthatarchaeologistssometimescall"GreatHouses".Archaeologicalresearchhasrevealedmanydiscoveries,includingasystemofroadsthatconnectedmanyChacoCulturesites,andevidenceofastronomicalalignmentsthatindicatethatsomeChacoCulturestructureswereorientedtowardthesolsticesunandlunarstandstills.“TherehasbeenmorearchaeologicalresearchconductedinChacoandonthesubjectofChacothanonanyotherprehistoricdistrictinNorthAmerica,”saysaNationalParkServicestatementpostedonChacoCultureNationalHistoricalPark'swebsite."Today,twentyPuebloangroupsinNewMexico,aswellastheHopiinArizona,claimChacoastheirancestralhomelandandaretiedtothisplacethroughoraltraditionsandclanlineages.AnumberofNavajoclansarealsoaffiliatedwithChacoansitesthroughtheirtraditionalstories,"theNationalParkServicestatementsays.DespitethefactthattherehasbeenanimmenseamountofarchaeologicalresearchcarriedoutatChacoCanyon,andatotherChacoCulturesitesintheAmericanSouthwest,modern-dayarchaeologistsdisagreeoverwhatthepeopleoftheChacoCulturewerelike.SomearchaeologiststhinkthatthepeopleoftheChacoCulturewerenotpoliticallyunited,whilesomethinktheycontrolledanempirecenteredonChacoCanyon."WhatwasChaco?Opinionsvarywidely,perhapswildly.Interpretationsrangefromavalleyofpeacefulfarmingvillagestothemonumentalcapitalofanempire,"wroteStephenLekson,aprofessorattheUniversityofColoradoBoulder,inanarticlepublishedinthebook

TheArchitectureofChacoCanyon,NewMexico

(UniversityofUtahPress,2007).LeksonnotedthattherearedifferentinterpretationsamongarchaeologistsastowhattheGreatHouseswere.Somearchaeologistsbelievethattheywerevillagesinhabitedbythousandsofpeople,whileothersthinkthattheywereeliteresidencesthathousedasmallnumberofresidents.29.Whichofthefollowingbestfitsinthenumberedspaceinthetext?A.

ThepeopleoftheChacoCulturedidnotuseawritingsystemandassuch

B.

Whilearchaeologistsarenotcertainwhatcausedthisdramaticpopulationbump

C.

Whenthinkingaboutarchaeologicalsites,wetendtothinkofthemasdeadsilent

D.

SinceChaco'snationalmonumentstatusmaynotprotectitfromdevelopmentpressures30.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanweknowfromthetext?A.

ThepeopleoftheChacocultureweregoodatforeigntrade.

B.

"GreatHouses"werebuiltfromapproximatelythe9thto13thcenturyA.D.

C.

MostdescendantsofancientChacopeopleliveinNewMexiconow.

D.

ArchaeologistsholddifferentideasabouthowthepeopleoftheChacoCulturelived.

PartIIIReadandQuestionInPartIII,

youwillreadpassagesonthesamesubject.

Youwillberequiredtoidentifythewriter'spositionandevaluatetheeffectivenessofthewriter'sarguments.

(Timeallowed:35minutes)Questions31-40(Suggestedcompletiontime:35minutes)Directions:Readthreepassagesaboutfashion.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothepassages.PassageAIt'snotthateasytoanswerthequestion,"whatisfashion?"becauseitmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Fashionisanart.It'sareligion.It'sajob.It'sapeekintoapersonality.It'splayfulness.It'sanescapeoradisguise.Itisafeastfortheeyes.Butultimately,

32

.FrenchfashiondesignerCocoChaneloncesaid,"Fashionisnotsomethingthatexistsindressesonly.Fashionisinthesky,inthestreet,fashionhastodowithideas,thewaywelive,whatishappening."It'strue.Fashionisn'tdefinedsolelybyourclothingchoices,butisalsoconveyedthroughthewaywecarryourselves,ourpersonalitiesandourviewsoftheworld.Atitsmostfundamental,fashionissimplytheprevailingstyleorcustom,asindressorbehavior.So,whoexactlyanswersthequestion"whatisfashion"?Whodecideswhat'sfashionableandwhatisn't?What'sinorwhat'sout?FashionDesigners.Theiconicfashionhouses—Prada,Gucci,Chanel—arereferredtoashautecouture,Frenchfor"highsewing".Thesedesignersleadthewayincreatingtrend-settingfashion.Whilesomeoftheirdesignsareoutrageousandcompletelyunrealisticwhenitcomestoeverydaywear,generallythethemeisadaptedintoversionssuitableforwearing.Media.Fashiontrendsareoftensparkedbycharactersonpopulartelevisionshowsandmoviesaswellasadoptedfrommagazinepages."SexandtheCity","TheDevilWearsPrada",theseshowsintroducedustonew,cutting-edgedesigns.Whileyou

mightnotbecaughtdead

wearingaCarrieBradshaworiginal,youmighttakeideasinspiredfromherlookandpiecetogetheryourowncreation.

Celebrities.Aprimeexampleofacelebrity-drivenfashiontrend?UGGs.UntilKateHudsonandJessicaSimpsonwerespottedwearingthemaroundL.A.severalyearsago,noonehadgivenanythoughttoUGGboots.Nowtheyareeverywhere.Musicians.Musicianshavealwaysbeenveryinfluentialwhenitcomestodictatingfashion.Rock'n'rollisfashion.Elvisisaniconicexample.Inthe1950s,everyonewantedtodresslikeElvis.Whatabouttheheavymetalhairbandssopopularinthe1980s?AxlRosereinventedtheheadbandanawhilePoison,MotleyCrueandBonJovisetthepaceforbig,rockerhair.Justbecauseyoudon'tknowifaPradabagisfall2007orspring2008doesn'tmatter.Allthatmattersisthatyoulikeitandit'sanexpressionofyou.Thatisfashion.PassageB[A]Fashionismoreprevalentinmodernsocietythaninprimitivetribesorpeasantcommunities.Themodernsocietyisanopensocietywherecla