研究生英语阅读教程基础级第三版市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

1SectionA

ProgressiveReading

RevisedEdition

1第1页2SectionA策划：鞠方安商希建主编：刘兰芝杨真真副主编：鲁显生GeraldZimmerman

王欧制作人：郑丹2第2页3SectionA

LessonEight

TheFunctionsand

EffectsofMusic3第3页BackgroundInformationWarm-upQuestionsMainIdeaLanguagePointsDifficultSentencesKeystotheExercises

Catalogue4第4页VietnamWar AmilitarystrugglefoughtinVietnamfrom1959to1975,involvingtheNorthVietnameseandtheNationalLiberationFront(NLF)inconflictwithUnitedStatesforcesandtheSouthVietnamesearmy.

TheU.S.government,therefore,supportedtheSouthVietnamesegovernment.Thisgovernment’srepressivepoliciesledtorebellion.

BackgroundInformation5第5页6

In1965theUnitedStatessentintroopstopreventtheSouthVietnamesegovernmentfromcollapsing.Ultimately,however,theUnitedStatesfailedtoachieveitsgoal,andin1975VietnamwasreunifiedunderCommunistcontrol;in1976itofficiallybecametheSocialistRepublicofVietnam.SectionABackgroundInformation6第6页7RockMusicandRock-and-Roll RockmusicbeganintheUnitedStates,butithasinfluencedandinturnbeenshapedbyabroadfieldofculturesandmusicaltraditions,includinggospelmusic,theblues,country-and-westernmusic,classicalmusic,folkmusic,electronicmusic,andthepopularmusicofAsia,Africa,andLatinAmerica. Inadditiontoitsuseasabroaddesignation,thetermrockmusiccommonlyreferstomusicstylesafter1959predominantlyinfluencedbywhitemusicians.BackgroundInformation7第7页8 Othermajorrockmusicstylesincluderockandroll(alsoknownasrock‘n’roll),thefirstgenreofthemusic;andrhythm-andbluesmusic(R&B),influencedmainlybyblackAmericanmusicians. Eachofthesemajorgenresencompassesavarietyofsubstyles,suchasheavymetal,punk,alternative,andgrunge.Whileinnovationsinrockmusichaveoftenoccurredinregionalcenters—suchasNewYorkCity,Kingston,Jamaica,andLiverpool,England—theinfluenceofrockmusicisnowfeltworldwide.BackgroundInformation8第8页9Pleasewatchthevideoclip.PleasewatchthevideoclipwithEnglishcaptions.Warm-upQuestions9第9页10Whatisyourfavoritekindofmusic?Whoare

yourfavoritebandsandsingers?2.Canyounameanymusicalinstruments?3.Howdoyouthinkmusiccanaffectpeople’slives?Warm-upQuestions10第10页11Whyismusicimportanttomanypeople?

Musicseemstobeanaturalneedforpeople.I’vereadthatfromancienttimeshumanbeingshaveproducedsoundsfrom“instrument”likerocksorskins__1__overawoodenframe.Musicissomethingmostpeoplewantandneed.Ithinkit’simportantbecauseitcanbeamajorpartofbothcommunityandindividualexperience.

Warm-upQuestions11第11页12 Musicisawayofsharingacommonbondorfeeling.Whenwe’rechildren,welearnverysimplesongscalled__2__rhymes.Thesesongshelpmakeuspartofourculturebytellinguswhat’sacceptableandwhat’snot.Weplayandsingmusicinour__3__ceremoniesbecauseitenhancesthe__4__experience.Weplaymusicwhenwe’regoingtowarorcelebratingthefactthatwe’rewonawar.SectionAWarm-upQuestions12第12页13

Musicisspecialtousbecauseitexpressesourconnectionwithourculture,andbecauseit__8__ourindividualexperiences.Nothingelseseemstocaptureourfeelingsquitesowell.

SectionAKeys:1.stretched2.nursery3.religious4.worship5.athletic6.individual7.ceremony8.enhanceWarm-upQuestions13第13页14 Wehavenationalanthemstoshareourloveandprideforourparticularcountry.Wehavemusicweplayforourschool,andmusicweplayforourathleticteam.Infact,musichasbecomeabigpartof__5__games.Weuseittotaunttheotherteamaswellascelebratewhenpointsarescoredforourteam.SectionAWarm-upQuestions14第14页15 Musicisalsoamajorpartof__6__experiences.Whenwefallinlove,musicisusuallyapartofthatexperience.Peopletalkabouthaving“oursong.”Thatmeansthesongthatwasplayingwhentheymetorasongtheybothlikedwhentheyfellinlove.Whenwegetmarried,weplaymusicbeforeandafterandsometimesduringthe__7__.Itexpresseshowwefeel.Weplaymusictocalmournervesortostimulateourselvestogetonwithatask.Wealsoplaymusicforthesimpleenjoymentoflisteningtothesounds.

Warm-upQuestions15第15页MainIdea Howdoesmusicinfluenceyourthoughts,yourfeelings?Warshavehadpatrioticsongs.Some,likethewarwithVietnam,antiwarsongs.InpeacetimemusicwaspersuasiveduringthecivilrightsmovementaswellasvariouscausessuchasHIV/AIDSorfundraisingforfaminereliefinAfrica.

And

old

favorite

songs

havehadtheir16第16页17MainIdea

wordingchangedtomeetnewconditions.Butmorerecentlyparentshaveworriedaboutsongsthatencouragedsexualpromiscuityanddrugs.TheFCCisnownegotiatingwithstudiosnottobroadcastthemostcontroversialpieces.WheretheFCCwas

unsuccessful

parents

have

formedpressuregroupsSectionA17第17页

that

themusicindustry

listensto.Butmusichascontinuouslyhadeffectsonourbehavior.Popularmusicstayswithusanddistinguishesgenerations.Andforyounggirls,asingingidolcanbeasubstituteforaboy

frienduntiltheboyismoremature.

MainIdea18第18页LanguagePoints1.motionpictures

n[c]fml

(

line1,para.1

)

especiallyAmE

afilmmadeforthecinema;movie19第19页LanguagePoints2.persuasive

adj

(line2,para.1)abletomakeotherpeoplebelievesomethingordowhatyouask

●他赞成办一座新学校理由很有说服力。Hisargumentsinfavourofanewschoolarevery

persuasive.

●他发表了很有说服力论点。

Hemadeapersuasiveargument.20第20页21SectionALanguagePoints●一个训练有素律师能把自己观点表述得令人

信服。Atrainedlawyercanpresentargumentspersuasively.●他拥有能改变你想法人格魅力和说服力。

Hehasthepersonalityandthepersuasivenessto

makeyouchangeyourmind.21第21页LanguagePoints3.candidate

n(line3,para.1)1)someonewhoisbeingconsideredforaposition,forexamplesomeonewhoisrunninginanelectionorapplyingforajob

●民主党候选人得票数依然领先。TheDemocraticcandidateisstillleadinginthepolls.

●约翰是这个工作最有力竞争者。Johnwasthestrongestcandidateforthejob.22第22页LanguagePoints2)BrE

someonewhoistakinganexamination

●500名学生参加入学考试。Therewere500candidatesattheentranceexamination.3)someonewhoisstudyingforadegreeatacollege

●攻读博士学位者adoctorialcandidate23第23页LanguagePoints4)someoneorsththatislikelytoexperienceorgetsth

●体重偏高或口味偏咸者易患高血压。Thosewhoareoverweightorindulgeinhigh-saltdiets

arecandidatesforhypertension.

●这本小说最有可能获奖。Thenovelmustbeaprimecandidatefortheaward.24第24页25SectionALanguagePoints5.quellvt

(line3,para.1)

1)toputdown

●调来部队平息暴力事件。

Troopswerecalledintoquelltheviolence.

●他压制对自己计划反对意见。

Hequelledtheopposotiontohisplan.25第25页2)

tocausetoanend阿斯匹林将止住你头疼。Aspirinwillquellyourheadache.

我尽力消除担心情绪。Itriedhardtoquellmynervousness.LanguagePoints26第26页27SectionALanguagePoints6.recording

n

(line4,para.1)

music,speech,orimages

thathavebeenstoredontapeor

discs

●这录音复制质量不太好。

Thequalityofreproductionisn'tverygoodonthis

recording.

●警方讯问录像带放在了抽屉里。

Thevideorecordingofapoliceinterviewisputintothedrawer.27第27页28SectionALanguagePoints●一段录音时间arecordingsession●音像业therecordingindustry28第28页297.whipup

vprep（line1,para.2）

totrytomakepeoplefeelstronglyaboutsth

报纸上文章激起了人们对新税收政策担心。

Newspaperarticleshavewhippedupfearsofthenew

taxpolicies.演说者把人群情绪鼓动到如痴如狂地步。

Theoratorwhippedthecrowduptoastateoffrenzy.SectionALanguagePoints29第29页308.fervorn[U]

（line1,para.2）

feelingsofgreatwarmthandintensity;enthusiasm这个演讲唤起了民族主义热情。

Thespeecharousednationalistfervor.SectionA

英国正在兴起奥运热。OlimpicfervorrunshighinGreatBritain.LanguagePoints30第30页319.

slap

vt（line4,para.2）

tohitsomeonewiththeflatpartofyourhand汤姆给了她一记耳光。Tomslappedheracrosstheface.父亲在小家伙头上拍了一巴掌，叫他走开。

Thefatherslappedthekidontheheadandtoldhimtogoaway.SectionA

LanguagePoints31第31页32SectionALanguagePoints10.spangle

vt(

line4,para.2）tocoversthwith

shinypointsoflight

●灯光点亮了夜空。

Lightsspangledthenightsky.

●天空闪烁着星星。

Theskywasspangledwithstars.32第32页33SectionALanguagePoints

theStar-SpangledBanner1)thenationalflagoftheUS

●星条旗是美国国旗。

TheStarSpangledBanneristhenationalflagoftheUnitedStates.2)thenationalanthem=nationalsongoftheUS

●谁写美国国歌,星条旗永不落？WhowrotethenationalanthemoftheUnitedStates,

theStar-SpangledBanner?33第33页34SectionALanguagePoints11.

bondn(lastline

of

para.2）1)anofficialdocumentpromisingthatagovernmentorcompanywillpaybackmoneythatithasborrowed,oftenwithinterest

●股票和债券是很好投资。Stocksand

bonds

canbegoodinvestment.

●最近债券价格暴跌。Thereisasharpdeclineinbondprices

recently.34第34页35SectionALanguagePoints2)relationship;sththatunitestwoormorepeopleor

groups,suchaslove,orasharedinterestoridea;tie

●这种经历使我们之间产生了一个很特殊关系。

Theexperiencecreatedaveryspecialbondbetween

us.

●母亲和孩子之间感情纽带很主要。Theemotionalbondbetweenmotherandchildisveryimportant.35第35页36SectionALanguagePoints3)sththatlimitsyourfreedomandpreventsyoufrom

doingwhatyouwant

●谁强化了上一代人加在我们身上束缚？Whotightenedthebonds

putonusbytheearliergeneration?

●惟有行将就木人才是自由，因为死亡能够使他摆脱一切束缚。

Onlythedyingmanisfree,fordeathbreaksevery

bond.36第36页3712.bringforthvprep（line1,para.3）

toproducesthormakeitappear

她写给报纸信引发了大量正面评论。

Herlettertothepaperbroughtforthafloodofsupportive

comments.

提出这个问题请你考虑。

Theproblemisbroughtforthforyourconsideration.SectionALanguagePoints37第37页38SectionALanguagePoints

PresidentLyndon

Johnson,

36thPresidentoftheUnitedStates."AGreatSociety"fortheAmerican.13.

PresidentLyndon

Johnson

(line4,para.3）38第38页LanguagePoints14.faminereliefn[u]（lastlineofpara.4）money,food,clothesetcgiventopeoplewhoarepoororhungry●我们给饥荒赈济基金捐了款。Wemadeacontributiontothefaminerelieffund.●策划饥荒救助工作在后勤方面困难极大。Organizingfaminereliefpresentshugelogisticalproblems.39第39页40SectionALanguagePoints15.destituteadj

（lastlineofpara.4）havingnomoney,

nofood,nohomeetc;tobecompletelywithoutsth

●史密斯先生死后，使得妻儿陷入贫困状态。

WhenMr.Smithdied,hiswifeandchildrenwere

leftdestitute.●他们根本就没有生活必需品。

Theyweredestitute

ofnecessariesoflife.40第40页41SectionALanguagePointsSynonyms:

bankrupt,deprived,downandout,homeless,needy,penniless,impoverished41第41页42SectionALanguagePoints16.Gimme（line4,para.5）awayofwritingthenonstandardspoken，shortformof'giveme'

●把球给我。

Gimmetheball!

●你只要把那一百块大洋给我就得了，钻石我就不要了。JustyougimmethehundreddollarsandIdon'twantdiamonds.42第42页43SectionALanguagePoints17.lyrics

n（line5,para.5）1)thewordsofasong

●克莱儿为该曲谱写了歌词。Clairewrotethelyricsforthesong.

●尽管歌词是英文，但不讲英语人也观赏它。ThoughthelyricsareEnglish,peoplewhodonotspeakEnglishenjoyit,too.43第43页44SectionALanguagePoints2）apoem,usuallyashortone,writteninalyricstyle

●他抒情诗艺术将永世长存。Theartofhislyricswillendure.

●这些抒情诗并不是那种缠绵伤感诗歌。

Theselyricsarenotofasweet,sentimentalkind.44第44页45SectionALanguagePoints18.tacticn（line6,para.5）amethodthatyouusetoachievesth

●他硬着头皮干下去，希望能有几个人加入进来。

这一招奏效了。Hepressedoninthehopethatafewotherswouldjoinhim.Thetacticpaidoff.

●我小时候，他们用过这种恐吓人方法。TheyusedthiskindofscaretacticwhenIwasgrowingup.45第45页46SectionALanguagePoints19.transfer

vt（line8,para.5）1)tomovefromonepersonorgroupofpeopletoanother,thesecondpersonorgroupgetsitinsteadofthefirst

●该疾病传输到人类身上几率微乎其微。Thechancesofthediseasebeingtransferredtohumansisextremelyremote.

●她已把全部爱从我身上转移到了你身上。Shetransferredallherlovefrommetoyou.46第46页47SectionALanguagePoints2)tomovetoadifferentjoborstartworkinginadifferent

place

●我猜测她要被调走了。

Isuspectthatsheisgoingtobetransferred.●安东成功地从拉文调到了一家美国企业。

AntonwasabletotransferfromLavine'stoanAmerican

company.47第47页LanguagePoints20.censorship

n[u]thepracticeorsystemofexamining

books,films,lettersetctoremoveanythingthatis

consideredoffensive,morallyharmful,orpolitically

dangerous

●政府今天宣告将取消新闻审查制度。Thegovernmenttodayannouncedthatpresscensorship

wasbeinglifted.

●政府发觉略微放宽审查是可取。Thegovernmentfounditexpedienttorelaxcensorship

alittle.48第48页LanguagePoints21.

controversy

n[u]（line1,para.6）aseriousargumentaboutsththatinvolvesmanypeopleandcontinuesforalongtime

●对候选人争议不大。Therewasn'tmuchcontroversyoverthecandidates.

●削减开支提议引发了很多争议。

Theproposedcutshavecausedconsiderablecontroversy.49第49页22.offair/offtheair（line3,para.6）

nolongerbroadcastingonradioortelevision等到我们停播为止。

Waittillwe’reofftheair.这个系列剧只播了3集就停播了。

Afterjust3episodestheserieswastakenofftheair.SectionALanguagePoints50第50页LanguagePoints23.persistentadj（line3,para.6）continuingtoexistorhappen,especiallyforlongerthanisusualordesirable

●他咳嗽连续时间越来越长,直到咳个不停。Hiscoughgrewmorepersistentuntilitneverstopped.

●购物人们小心翼翼地择路避开因为连续下雨形成水坑。Shopperspickedtheirwaythroughpuddlescausedbypersistentrain.51第51页52SectionALanguagePoints2）Someonewhoispersistentcontinuestryingto

do

sth,eventhoughitisdifficultorotherpeopleare

againstit.

●今天早晨他又打来了电话。他非常执著。

Hephonedagainthismorning.He'sverypersistent.

●他是对政府交通政策一直持批评态度人。Heisapersistentcriticofthegovernment'stransport

policies.52第52页53SectionALanguagePmiscuity

n(line6,para.6）havingmanysexualpartners

●最近他呼吁给予淫乱行为更多宽容。Hehasrecentlyurgedmoretoleranceofsexual

promiscuity.

●滥交，同性恋和一度被归类为精神疾病。Promiscuityandhomosexualitywereonceclassifiedaspsychiatricdiseases,too.53第53页5425.oversee

vt（line10,para.6）

1)towatchanddirect;tosupervise双方同意设置委员会以监督和平进程。Bothsidesagreedtosetupacommissiontooversee

thepeaceprocess.2)toseeaccidentlyorunexpectedly他恰巧看到那盗贼离开这栋房子。

Hehappenedtooverseetheburglarleavingthehouse.SectionALanguagePoints54第54页55SectionALanguagePointsSynonyms:

supervise,administer,watchover,superintend55第55页5626.position

n.

[C]

(line11,para.6)

1)viewpoint,stance

对任何一个问题，大家都无法确定他观点。

Noonewassureofhispositiononanyissue.

你还指望政府会以这么或那样方式对这次立法表明立场吗？

Doyouexpectthegovernmenttotakeapositionone

wayoranotheronthislegislation?SectionALanguagePoints56第56页57SectionALanguagePoints2)totaketheposition:totaketheviewthat

●该机构认为政府说明不够详细。

Theagencytakesthepositionthatthegovernment’s

specificationsweredeficient.3)thesituationthatsomeoneisin,especiallywhenthisaffectswhattheycanandcannotdo57第57页58SectionALanguagePoints●假如事情进展不顺利话，他处境将非常艰难。

He'sgoingtobeinaverydifficultpositionindeedif

thingsgobadlyforhim.●应该要求企业使其财务情况更为透明化。

Companiesshouldbemadetorevealmoreabouttheir

financialposition.58第58页59SectionALanguagePoints4)beinapositiontodosth:tobeabletodosth

becauseyouhavetheability,money,orpower

todoit

●我知道全部事实后，就能给你提出忠言。

WhenIknowallthefacts,I'llbeinaposition

toadviseyou.59第59页60SectionALanguagePointsSynonyms:

attitude,opinion,outlook,perspective,standpoint,viewpoint，view,

60第60页61SectionALanguagePoints27.supervision

n(line14,para.6）inchargeofanactivityorperson,andmakesurethatthingsaredoneinthecorrectway

●老人遗嘱是在律师亲自监督下执行。Theoldman'swillwasexecutedunderthepersonal

supervisionofthelawyer.

●

这房子是在一位建筑师细心监督下建造。Thehousewasbuiltunderthecarefulsupervisionofanarchitect.61第61页62SectionALanguagePoints28.injunction

n

(line16,para.6)

anordergivenbyacourtwhichtellssomeonenottodosth

●法院已公布一项强制令。

Thecourthasissuedaninjunction.

●在西方，“认识自己”是哲学第一训诫。

IntheWest"Knowthyself"isthefirstinjunctionof

philosophy.62第62页63

SectionA29.perceptionn

[U](line4,para.8)1)thewayyouthinkaboutsthandyourideaofwhatitislike

●

他感兴趣是我们对死亡看法怎样影响我们生活。

Heisinterestedinhowourperceptionsofdeathaffectthewaywelive.

●

儿童对世界看法是独特。Children'sperceptionoftheworldisunique.LanguagePoints63第63页64SectionALanguagePoints2)thewaythatyounoticethingswithyoursensesof

sight,hearingetc

●并不需要多少洞察力也能意识到面试已经结束了。Itdidnotrequireagreatdealofperceptiontorealizetheinterviewwasover.

●他是一个感觉敏锐人。Hewasamanofkeenperception.64第64页65SectionALanguagePointsSynonyms:

awareness,conginiton,comprehension,view,consciousness,discernment,insight,sense,observation,recognition,understanding65第65页6630.mosaicn

[C]

(line7,para.8)

1)sththatconsistsofacombinationofdifferentthings

orpeople

安大略多元文化正等着欢迎您到来。Ontario’sculturalmosaiciswaitingtowelcomeyou.

当今美国青年是由肤色，年纪，处世态度各异青年拼凑而成一代。Today’sAmericanyouthisamosaicofcolors,agesandattitudes.SectionALanguagePoints66第66页67

2)apatternorpicturemadeofmanysmallcoloredpieces

ofstone,glassetc.

●森林里铺满落叶地面是一幅斑斓秋色图案。

Theforestfloorwasa

mosaic

ofautumnalcolors.SectionALanguagePoints67第67页68SectionALanguagePoints31.courtshipn

[U][C]（lastlineofpara.9）theperiodoftimeduringwhichamanandwomanhavearomanticrelationshipbeforemarrying

●比起上学，他们对谈恋爱和汽车更感兴趣。Theyweremoreinterestedincourtshipandcarsthaninschool.

●经过一场闪电般恋爱，他们结了婚，然后就到伦敦过日子去了。Afterawhirlwind

courtship,theymarriedandwenttoliveinLondon.68第68页69SectionALanguagePoints32.ritual

n

[U][C]（lastlineofpara.10）awayofbehavingoraseriesofactionswhichpeopleregularlycarryoutinaparticularsituation,becauseitistheircustomtodoso

●他们不允许天天例行日程安排出现疏忽。Theydon'tallowthedailyritualtogobydefault.

●整个意大利文化都以饮食习惯为中心。

ThewholeItalianculturerevolvesaroundtheritual

ofeating.69第69页70SectionALanguagePoints33.affiliationn[U][C]（lastlineofpara.10）theconnecttionorinvolvementthatsomeoneorsthhaswithapolitical,religiousetcorganization●尽管两个组织名称相同，但我们之间并没相关系。Thereisnoaffiliationbetweenourorganizationandtheirs,eventhoughournamesaresimilar.●他们问询她属于哪个政党。Theyaskedwhatherpoliticalaffiliationswere.

70第70页71SectionALanguagePoints●

从属于某所大学学院aschoolinaffiliationwithauniversity71第71页72SectionALanguagePoints34.

peer

n

pluralfml（lastlineofpara.10） 1)thepeoplewhoarethesameageasyou,orwhohavethesametypeofjob,socialclassetc

●他迷人个性使他深受同龄人喜爱。

Hisengagingpersonalitymadehimpopularwithhis

peers.72第72页73SectionALanguagePoints2)vitolookverycarefullyatsth,especiallybecauseyouarehavingdifficultyseeingit

●我一直盯着看一张毫无意义计算机打印稿。Ihadbeenpeeringatacomputerprint-outthatmadenosenseatall.73第73页74SectionALanguagePoints35.riteofpassage

n

(line1,para.11)aspecialceremonyoractionthatisasignofanewstageinsomeone'slife,especiallywhenaboystartstobecomeaman;comingofage标志某个人成长阶段仪式

●没人希望自己永远是新手，它只不过是每个人必须经历一段过程。Nobodywantstoremainabeginner.Itismerelyariteofpassageeveryonemustexperience.74第74页75SectionALanguagePoints36.maturation

n[u]

fml

(line3,para.11)

the

periodduringwhichsthgrowsanddevelops

●在情感发展中成熟饰演极主要角色。

Maturationplaysalargeroleinemotionaldevelop-

ment.75第75页76SectionALanguagePoints37.

semblance

n

(line3,para.11)asituation,conditionetcthatisclosetoorsimilartoaparticularone,usuallyagoodone

●他力图使他们家庭生活恢复正常。Hetriedtorestoresomesemblanceofnormalitytotheirhomelife.

●她生气样子使孩子们感到害怕。Hersemblanceofangerfrightenedthechildren.76第76页77DifficultSentences1.

“WeShallOvercome”wasatremendously

importantforceinthecivilrightsmovement,…

(line2,para.4)《我们必将得胜》这首歌曲在民权运动中……起到了非常主要作用。SectionA77第77页782.

Asaresult,anumberofcommunityandnationalgroups

haveappliedpressureonstationstokeepthesesongsand

performersofftheair.(line7,para.6)结果一些社团和全国性团体向电台或电视台施加压力，让他们禁播这些歌曲和这些演员节目。SectionADifficultSentences78第78页793.

Inageneralsense,thisisareasonablepositionand

theonlyone