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英语基础语法复习巩固1-英语基础语法复习巩固1-
一、词性的分类
2-2-一、词性的分类词类又叫词性(partofspeech),英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分十个大类。
1名词nounn.
2代词pronounpron.
3形容词adjectiveadj.
4副词adverbadv.5动词verbv.
6数词numeralnum.
7冠词articleart.
8介词prepositionprep.
9连词conjunctionconj.
10感叹词interjectioninterj.
3-一、词性的分类词类又叫词性(partofspeech),其他词性缩写c=可数名词,countablenoun的缩写u=不可数名词,uncountablenoun的缩写pl=复数,plural的缩写vi=不及物动词,intransitiveverb的缩写vt=及物动词,transitiveverb的缩写4-其他词性缩写4-you你happy高兴的
three三
quickly迅速地
student学生
cut砍、割a一个
at在...
and和
oh哦
pron.adj.num.adv.
n.v.art.prep.
erj.(感叹词)
Ex.Writedownthepartofspeechofthefollowingwords:5-
Ex.Writedownthepartofs十大词类名词----------表示人或事物的名称形容词-------表示人或事物的特征副词----------修饰动词、形容词、或其他副词动词----------表示动作或状态代词----------代替名词、数词数词----------表示数量或顺序冠词----------限制名词的意义介词-------表示名词、代词和其他词的关系连词-------连接词与词或句与句6-十大词类6-
二、英语句子成分
7-7-(一)主语:一个句子所叙述的主体,表示句子所说的是:“什么人”或“什么事物”1.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.2.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.3.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.4.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.主语的位置是???1.一般位于句首或谓语之前。8-(一)主语:一个句子所叙述的主体,表示句子所说的是:“什么人Isyourfatheralawyeroradoctor?
Hasshegotabigflat?Shallwehaveaswimwithyourfriends?2.疑问句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后Sitdown,please.Comein,please.3.祈使句中主语常省略9-Isyourfatheralawyerorad
Gonearethedayswhenfarmersliveinthepoorhouses.
Nosoonerhadshegivenhimawelcomethanshewentintopreparehimameal.
Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.Thereisaclockonthewall.OncetherelivedakingcalledLear.Theregoesthebell!倒装句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后Therebe结构中主语在be动词之后10-Gonearethedayswhenfa(名词)(代词)(数词)(动名词)(从句)1.One-thirdisproduced.2.Runningdoesgoodtothehealth.3.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.4.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.5.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.7.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.8.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(不定式)(名词化的形容词)(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)11-(名词)(代词)(数词)(动名词)(从句)1.One-th1.Honestisafinequalityofhumanbeingsandthereforeweshouldnottelllies.2.Helpothersistohelpourselves.3.DoalotofhouseworkdayandnightmadeCatherinebecomeweakerandweaker.4.Liuxianggotthefirstplaceinthe2004OlympicGamesshockedpeopleallovertheworld.5.Inmyopinion,visituniversitiesisjustapopularculture.单句改错(只有一处错误)。
12-1.Honestisafinequalityof(二)谓语:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。Hepractices
runningeverymorning.Shetakesgoodcareofhersickmother.2、复合谓语:(1)情态动词+动词原形。HecanspeakFrenchveryfluently.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.(2)系动词+表语。Thefilmisinteresting.Helookedabitexcited.13-(二)谓语:13-6.ItiswarmherealltheyearroundbecauseGuangzhoulocatedinthemiddleofGuangdongprovince.7.TogetpreparedfortheAsianGames,Guangzhoubuilt82sportscourtssofar.8.Itnotonlyhavealotofhigh-risebuilding,butisalsofamousforthescenicspots.9.Canitattractsthetouristsfromhomeandabroad?单句改错(只有一处错误)。
14-6.Itiswarmherealltheyea(三)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。1.Theywenttoseeanexhibition
yesterday.2.Pleasetakethemtothewaitingroom.3.Ihave
three.4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Maryenjoysplayingthepiano.7.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.
(名词)(代词)(数词)(名词化形容词)(不定式短语)(动名词短语)(从句)15-(三)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)
Lendme
yourdictionary,please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补)
Theyelectedhim
theirmonitor.Weconsidertheanswer
wrong.
16-16-(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词之后。1.YangLiweiisanastronaut.2.That’sallIwanttotellyou.3.Threetimesfouristwelve.4.Theweatherhasturnedwarm.5.Thespeechisexcitingandthestudentsareexcited.6.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.7.MyjobistoteachEnglish.8.Ourteacherisn’tin.Heisout.9.Heisingoodhealth.10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.17-(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系系动词:描述稳定状态:be描述变化或结果:get,become,turn,grow,go,prove,fall描述表象或感官效果:look,appear,seem,smell,taste,sound,feel,描述持续状态:keep,stay,remain,18-系动词:18-(五)定语:起修饰作用,翻译成“……的”1.Heisacleverboy.2.Yourhairneedscutting.3.There’sonlyonewaytodoit.4.Thereisababygirl.5.Wecannotusesleepingpillsatrandom.6.Theretiredworkerfindlifeboring.7.That’sthewaytodoit.8.ThisisamapofChina.9.Canyouhelpmetocleantheroomabove.10.Thecarthat’sparkedoutsideismine.19-(五)定语:起修饰作用,翻译成“……的”19-状语(副词)的位置:1.ShespeaksFrenchfluently.2.Iusuallyeatbreakfastathome.3.Youneedn’talwayshelpme.4.Heisalwayscomplaining.5.Thelocalpeopleareverykindtothevisitors.6.Theroomisbigenoughtohold80people.7.Heneverstudies.Instead,heplaysallday.谓语(+宾语)后频度副词位于被修饰动词前,be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。被修饰词前(enough特殊)修饰全句或起连接作用的副词放在句首(六)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子20-状语(副词)的位置:谓语(+宾语)后频度副词位于被修饰动词前1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.4.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.
(时间状语)
(原因状语)
(条件状语)
(地点状语)
(方式状语)状语的种类:21-1.Howaboutmeetingagainat6.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.Iamtallerthanheis.(伴随状语)
(目的状语)
(结果状语)
(让步状语)
(比较状语)22-6.Shecameinwithadictiona(七)补足语:宾语补足语:补充说明宾语,使句意完整。1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Pleaselethimin.4.Theteacheradvisedthestudentstohavearest.5.Iseeherenteringasupermarket.6.Hejusthadhishaircut.23-(七)补足语:23-划分句子成份1.Themachine
runs
smoothly.2.Whyhedidit
willremain
apuzzle
forever.3.They
havesetup
anetwork
offinancialadvicecentre.4.Mr.Chen,thedirectorofGrade3,isknown
forhishumor.5.Theman
wentto
theshop
withallthemoney
hehad.24-划分句子成份1.Themachinerunssm6.He
left
here
atsix
inthemorning
inordertocatchtheplane.
7.OurEnglishteacher,MsWang,is
very
kindtous.
8.Tooursurprise,he
haschanged
greatly.
9.It
isnot
agoodidea
todriveforfourhours
withoutabreak.
10.She
was
thesecond
toenterthereadingroom.25-6.Helefthereatsixin11.Hishair
hasturned
gray,andlines
haveappeared
onhisface.
12.She
islookinginto
thebox.
13.Mr.Wu
told
us
afunnystory
yesterday.
14.He
bought
me
apen.
15.We
made
him
ourmonitor.
16.He
asked
me
tohelphimoutofthedebt.
26-11.Hishairhasturnedgr
三、句子类型
按结构分1、简单句2、并列句3、复合句27-三、句子类型简单句:由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。即一套主谓关系。Allroads
leadtoRome.1、一个主语和一个谓语动词Theteacherandthechildren
areplaying.2、并列主语和一个谓语动词Hegotup,dressedquickly,washedhimselfandwentout.3、一个主语和并列谓语TomandMary
cameandgavemeapresent.4、并列主语和并列谓语28-简单句:由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构I.简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+不及物动词:Wework.2、主语+系动词+表语:Heisastudent.3、主语+及物动词+宾语:4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补)29-I.简单句的五种基本句型29-判断下列简单句的类型(1)Theproblemishardtosolve.(2)Thepenwritessmoothly.(3)Ishowedhimmyoldpictures.(4)Barkingdogsseldombite.(5)WeenjoyourselvesthisNewYear’sDaythisyear.(6)Helen’sfaceturnedred.(7)Headmitshismistakes.(8)Mothercookedmeadeliciousmeal.(9)Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.(10)Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.30-判断下列简单句的类型30-Ex.判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom.4.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.简单句复合句简单句并列句6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant.9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboysomeflowers.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.复合句复合句简单句简单句31-Ex.判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:简单句复合句听歌学英文32-听歌学英文32-“I’mabigbiggirlinabigbigworldIt’snotabigbigthingifyouleaveme.ButIdofeelthatIdowillmissyoumuch.”Icanseethefirstleaffalling.It’sallyellowandnice.It’ssoverycoldoutsidelikethewayI’mfeelinginside.Outsideit’snowrainingandtearsarefallingfrommyeyes.whydidithavetohappen?Whydiditallhavetoend?Ihaveyourarmsaroundmewoohlikefire.ButwhenIopenmyeyes,you’regone.33-“I’mabigbiggirlinabigb英语基础语法复习巩固34-英语基础语法复习巩固1-
一、词性的分类
35-2-一、词性的分类词类又叫词性(partofspeech),英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分十个大类。
1名词nounn.
2代词pronounpron.
3形容词adjectiveadj.
4副词adverbadv.5动词verbv.
6数词numeralnum.
7冠词articleart.
8介词prepositionprep.
9连词conjunctionconj.
10感叹词interjectioninterj.
36-一、词性的分类词类又叫词性(partofspeech),其他词性缩写c=可数名词,countablenoun的缩写u=不可数名词,uncountablenoun的缩写pl=复数,plural的缩写vi=不及物动词,intransitiveverb的缩写vt=及物动词,transitiveverb的缩写37-其他词性缩写4-you你happy高兴的
three三
quickly迅速地
student学生
cut砍、割a一个
at在...
and和
oh哦
pron.adj.num.adv.
n.v.art.prep.
erj.(感叹词)
Ex.Writedownthepartofspeechofthefollowingwords:38-
Ex.Writedownthepartofs十大词类名词----------表示人或事物的名称形容词-------表示人或事物的特征副词----------修饰动词、形容词、或其他副词动词----------表示动作或状态代词----------代替名词、数词数词----------表示数量或顺序冠词----------限制名词的意义介词-------表示名词、代词和其他词的关系连词-------连接词与词或句与句39-十大词类6-
二、英语句子成分
40-7-(一)主语:一个句子所叙述的主体,表示句子所说的是:“什么人”或“什么事物”1.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.2.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.3.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.4.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.主语的位置是???1.一般位于句首或谓语之前。41-(一)主语:一个句子所叙述的主体,表示句子所说的是:“什么人Isyourfatheralawyeroradoctor?
Hasshegotabigflat?Shallwehaveaswimwithyourfriends?2.疑问句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后Sitdown,please.Comein,please.3.祈使句中主语常省略42-Isyourfatheralawyerorad
Gonearethedayswhenfarmersliveinthepoorhouses.
Nosoonerhadshegivenhimawelcomethanshewentintopreparehimameal.
Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.Thereisaclockonthewall.OncetherelivedakingcalledLear.Theregoesthebell!倒装句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后Therebe结构中主语在be动词之后43-Gonearethedayswhenfa(名词)(代词)(数词)(动名词)(从句)1.One-thirdisproduced.2.Runningdoesgoodtothehealth.3.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.4.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.5.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.7.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.8.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(不定式)(名词化的形容词)(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)44-(名词)(代词)(数词)(动名词)(从句)1.One-th1.Honestisafinequalityofhumanbeingsandthereforeweshouldnottelllies.2.Helpothersistohelpourselves.3.DoalotofhouseworkdayandnightmadeCatherinebecomeweakerandweaker.4.Liuxianggotthefirstplaceinthe2004OlympicGamesshockedpeopleallovertheworld.5.Inmyopinion,visituniversitiesisjustapopularculture.单句改错(只有一处错误)。
45-1.Honestisafinequalityof(二)谓语:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。Hepractices
runningeverymorning.Shetakesgoodcareofhersickmother.2、复合谓语:(1)情态动词+动词原形。HecanspeakFrenchveryfluently.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.(2)系动词+表语。Thefilmisinteresting.Helookedabitexcited.46-(二)谓语:13-6.ItiswarmherealltheyearroundbecauseGuangzhoulocatedinthemiddleofGuangdongprovince.7.TogetpreparedfortheAsianGames,Guangzhoubuilt82sportscourtssofar.8.Itnotonlyhavealotofhigh-risebuilding,butisalsofamousforthescenicspots.9.Canitattractsthetouristsfromhomeandabroad?单句改错(只有一处错误)。
47-6.Itiswarmherealltheyea(三)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。1.Theywenttoseeanexhibition
yesterday.2.Pleasetakethemtothewaitingroom.3.Ihave
three.4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Maryenjoysplayingthepiano.7.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.
(名词)(代词)(数词)(名词化形容词)(不定式短语)(动名词短语)(从句)48-(三)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)
Lendme
yourdictionary,please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补)
Theyelectedhim
theirmonitor.Weconsidertheanswer
wrong.
49-16-(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词之后。1.YangLiweiisanastronaut.2.That’sallIwanttotellyou.3.Threetimesfouristwelve.4.Theweatherhasturnedwarm.5.Thespeechisexcitingandthestudentsareexcited.6.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.7.MyjobistoteachEnglish.8.Ourteacherisn’tin.Heisout.9.Heisingoodhealth.10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.50-(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系系动词:描述稳定状态:be描述变化或结果:get,become,turn,grow,go,prove,fall描述表象或感官效果:look,appear,seem,smell,taste,sound,feel,描述持续状态:keep,stay,remain,51-系动词:18-(五)定语:起修饰作用,翻译成“……的”1.Heisacleverboy.2.Yourhairneedscutting.3.There’sonlyonewaytodoit.4.Thereisababygirl.5.Wecannotusesleepingpillsatrandom.6.Theretiredworkerfindlifeboring.7.That’sthewaytodoit.8.ThisisamapofChina.9.Canyouhelpmetocleantheroomabove.10.Thecarthat’sparkedoutsideismine.52-(五)定语:起修饰作用,翻译成“……的”19-状语(副词)的位置:1.ShespeaksFrenchfluently.2.Iusuallyeatbreakfastathome.3.Youneedn’talwayshelpme.4.Heisalwayscomplaining.5.Thelocalpeopleareverykindtothevisitors.6.Theroomisbigenoughtohold80people.7.Heneverstudies.Instead,heplaysallday.谓语(+宾语)后频度副词位于被修饰动词前,be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。被修饰词前(enough特殊)修饰全句或起连接作用的副词放在句首(六)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子53-状语(副词)的位置:谓语(+宾语)后频度副词位于被修饰动词前1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.4.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.
(时间状语)
(原因状语)
(条件状语)
(地点状语)
(方式状语)状语的种类:54-1.Howaboutmeetingagainat6.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.Iamtallerthanheis.(伴随状语)
(目的状语)
(结果状语)
(让步状语)
(比较状语)55-6.Shecameinwithadictiona(七)补足语:宾语补足语:补充说明宾语,使句意完整。1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Pleaselethimin.4.Theteacheradvisedthestudentstohavearest.5.Iseeherenteringasupermarket.6.Hejusthadhishaircut.56-(七)补足语:23-划分句子成份1.Themachine
runs
smoothly.2.Whyhedidit
willremain
apuzzle
forever.3.They
havesetup
anetwork
offinancialadvicecentre.4.Mr.Chen,thedirectorofGrade3,isknown
forhishumor.5.Theman
wentto
theshop
withallthemoney
hehad.57-划分句子成份1.Themachinerunssm6.He
left
here
atsix
inthemorning
inordertocatchtheplane.
7.OurEnglishteacher,MsWang,is
very
kindtous.
8.Tooursurprise,he
haschanged
greatly.
9.It
isnot
agoodidea
todriveforfourhours
withoutabreak.
10.She
was
thesecond
toenterthereadingroom.58-6.Helefthereatsixin11.Hishair
hasturned
gray,andlines
haveappeared
onhisface.
12.She
islookinginto
thebox.
13.Mr.Wu
told
us
afunnystory
yesterday.
14.He
bought
me
apen.
15.We
made
him
ourmonitor.
16.He
asked
me
tohelphimoutofthedebt.
59-11.Hishairhas
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