英语语法词性和句子成分课件

英语基础语法复习巩固1-英语基础语法复习巩固1-

一、词性的分类

2-2-一、词性的分类词类又叫词性（partofspeech），英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分十个大类。

1名词nounn.

2代词pronounpron.

3形容词adjectiveadj.

4副词adverbadv.5动词verbv.

6数词numeralnum.

7冠词articleart.

8介词prepositionprep.

9连词conjunctionconj.

10感叹词interjectioninterj.

3-一、词性的分类词类又叫词性（partofspeech），其他词性缩写c=可数名词，countablenoun的缩写u=不可数名词，uncountablenoun的缩写pl=复数，plural的缩写vi=不及物动词，intransitiveverb的缩写vt=及物动词，transitiveverb的缩写4-其他词性缩写4-you你happy高兴的

three三

quickly迅速地

student学生

cut砍、割a一个

at在...

and和

oh哦

pron.adj.num.adv.

n.v.art.prep.

erj.(感叹词)

Ex.Writedownthepartofspeechofthefollowingwords:5-

Ex.Writedownthepartofs十大词类名词----------表示人或事物的名称形容词-------表示人或事物的特征副词----------修饰动词、形容词、或其他副词动词----------表示动作或状态代词----------代替名词、数词数词----------表示数量或顺序冠词----------限制名词的意义介词-------表示名词、代词和其他词的关系连词-------连接词与词或句与句6-十大词类6-

二、英语句子成分

7-7-（一）主语：一个句子所叙述的主体，表示句子所说的是：“什么人”或“什么事物”1.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.2.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.3.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.4.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.主语的位置是？？？1.一般位于句首或谓语之前。8-（一）主语：一个句子所叙述的主体，表示句子所说的是：“什么人Isyourfatheralawyeroradoctor?

Hasshegotabigflat?Shallwehaveaswimwithyourfriends?2.疑问句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后Sitdown,please.Comein,please.3.祈使句中主语常省略9-Isyourfatheralawyerorad

Gonearethedayswhenfarmersliveinthepoorhouses.

Nosoonerhadshegivenhimawelcomethanshewentintopreparehimameal.

Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.Thereisaclockonthewall.OncetherelivedakingcalledLear.Theregoesthebell!倒装句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后Therebe结构中主语在be动词之后10-Gonearethedayswhenfa（名词）（代词）（数词）（动名词）（从句）1.One-thirdisproduced.2.Runningdoesgoodtothehealth.3.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.4.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.5.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.7.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.8.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（不定式）（名词化的形容词）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）11-（名词）（代词）（数词）（动名词）（从句）1.One-th1.Honestisafinequalityofhumanbeingsandthereforeweshouldnottelllies.2.Helpothersistohelpourselves.3.DoalotofhouseworkdayandnightmadeCatherinebecomeweakerandweaker.4.Liuxianggotthefirstplaceinthe2004OlympicGamesshockedpeopleallovertheworld.5.Inmyopinion,visituniversitiesisjustapopularculture.单句改错（只有一处错误）。

12-1.Honestisafinequalityof（二）谓语：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。Hepractices

runningeverymorning.Shetakesgoodcareofhersickmother.2、复合谓语：（1）情态动词+动词原形。HecanspeakFrenchveryfluently.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.（2）系动词+表语。Thefilmisinteresting.Helookedabitexcited.13-（二）谓语：13-6.ItiswarmherealltheyearroundbecauseGuangzhoulocatedinthemiddleofGuangdongprovince.7.TogetpreparedfortheAsianGames,Guangzhoubuilt82sportscourtssofar.8.Itnotonlyhavealotofhigh-risebuilding,butisalsofamousforthescenicspots.9.Canitattractsthetouristsfromhomeandabroad?单句改错（只有一处错误）。

14-6.Itiswarmherealltheyea（三）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。1.Theywenttoseeanexhibition

yesterday.2.Pleasetakethemtothewaitingroom.3.Ihave

three.4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Maryenjoysplayingthepiano.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.

（名词）（代词）（数词）（名词化形容词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（从句）15-（三）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）

Lendme

yourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）

Theyelectedhim

theirmonitor.Weconsidertheanswer

wrong.

16-16-（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。1.YangLiweiisanastronaut.2.That’sallIwanttotellyou.3.Threetimesfouristwelve.4.Theweatherhasturnedwarm.5.Thespeechisexcitingandthestudentsareexcited.6.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.7.MyjobistoteachEnglish.8.Ourteacherisn’tin.Heisout.9.Heisingoodhealth.10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.17-（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系系动词：描述稳定状态：be描述变化或结果：get,become,turn,grow,go,prove,fall描述表象或感官效果：look,appear,seem,smell,taste,sound,feel,描述持续状态：keep,stay,remain,18-系动词：18-（五）定语：起修饰作用，翻译成“……的”1.Heisacleverboy.2.Yourhairneedscutting.3.There’sonlyonewaytodoit.4.Thereisababygirl.5.Wecannotusesleepingpillsatrandom.6.Theretiredworkerfindlifeboring.7.That’sthewaytodoit.8.ThisisamapofChina.9.Canyouhelpmetocleantheroomabove.10.Thecarthat’sparkedoutsideismine.19-（五）定语：起修饰作用，翻译成“……的”19-状语(副词)的位置：1.ShespeaksFrenchfluently.2.Iusuallyeatbreakfastathome.3.Youneedn’talwayshelpme.4.Heisalwayscomplaining.5.Thelocalpeopleareverykindtothevisitors.6.Theroomisbigenoughtohold80people.7.Heneverstudies.Instead,heplaysallday.谓语(+宾语)后频度副词位于被修饰动词前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。被修饰词前(enough特殊)修饰全句或起连接作用的副词放在句首（六）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子20-状语(副词)的位置：谓语(+宾语)后频度副词位于被修饰动词前1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.4.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.

（时间状语）

（原因状语）

（条件状语）

（地点状语）

（方式状语）状语的种类：21-1.Howaboutmeetingagainat6.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴随状语）

（目的状语）

（结果状语）

（让步状语）

（比较状语）22-6.Shecameinwithadictiona（七）补足语：宾语补足语:补充说明宾语，使句意完整。1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Pleaselethimin.4.Theteacheradvisedthestudentstohavearest.5.Iseeherenteringasupermarket.6.Hejusthadhishaircut.23-（七）补足语：23-划分句子成份1.Themachine

runs

smoothly.2.Whyhedidit

willremain

apuzzle

forever.3.They

havesetup

anetwork

offinancialadvicecentre.4.Mr.Chen,thedirectorofGrade3,isknown

forhishumor.5.Theman

wentto

theshop

withallthemoney

hehad.24-划分句子成份1.Themachinerunssm6.He

left

here

atsix

inthemorning

inordertocatchtheplane.

7.OurEnglishteacher,MsWang,is

very

kindtous.

8.Tooursurprise,he

haschanged

greatly.

9.It

isnot

agoodidea

todriveforfourhours

withoutabreak.

10.She

was

thesecond

toenterthereadingroom.25-6.Helefthereatsixin11.Hishair

hasturned

gray,andlines

haveappeared

onhisface.

12.She

islookinginto

thebox.

13.Mr.Wu

told

us

afunnystory

yesterday.

14.He

bought

me

apen.

15.We

made

him

ourmonitor.

16.He

asked

me

tohelphimoutofthedebt.

26-11.Hishairhasturnedgr

三、句子类型

按结构分1、简单句2、并列句3、复合句27-三、句子类型简单句:由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。即一套主谓关系。Allroads

leadtoRome.1、一个主语和一个谓语动词Theteacherandthechildren

areplaying.2、并列主语和一个谓语动词Hegotup,dressedquickly,washedhimselfandwentout.3、一个主语和并列谓语TomandMary

cameandgavemeapresent.4、并列主语和并列谓语28-简单句:由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构I.简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+不及物动词：Wework.2、主语+系动词+表语：Heisastudent.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补)29-I.简单句的五种基本句型29-判断下列简单句的类型(1)Theproblemishardtosolve.(2)Thepenwritessmoothly.(3)Ishowedhimmyoldpictures.(4)Barkingdogsseldombite.(5)WeenjoyourselvesthisNewYear’sDaythisyear.(6)Helen’sfaceturnedred.(7)Headmitshismistakes.(8)Mothercookedmeadeliciousmeal.(9)Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.(10)Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.30-判断下列简单句的类型30-Ex.判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom.4.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.简单句复合句简单句并列句6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant.9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboysomeflowers.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.复合句复合句简单句简单句31-Ex.判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：简单句复合句听歌学英文32-听歌学英文32-“I’mabigbiggirlinabigbigworldIt’snotabigbigthingifyouleaveme.ButIdofeelthatIdowillmissyoumuch.”Icanseethefirstleaffalling.It’sallyellowandnice.It’ssoverycoldoutsidelikethewayI’mfeelinginside.Outsideit’snowrainingandtearsarefallingfrommyeyes.whydidithavetohappen?Whydiditallhavetoend?Ihaveyourarmsaroundmewoohlikefire.ButwhenIopenmyeyes,you’regone.33-“I’mabigbiggirlinabigb英语基础语法复习巩固34-英语基础语法复习巩固1-

一、词性的分类

35-2-一、词性的分类词类又叫词性（partofspeech），英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分十个大类。

1名词nounn.

2代词pronounpron.

3形容词adjectiveadj.

4副词adverbadv.5动词verbv.

6数词numeralnum.

7冠词articleart.

8介词prepositionprep.

9连词conjunctionconj.

10感叹词interjectioninterj.

36-一、词性的分类词类又叫词性（partofspeech），其他词性缩写c=可数名词，countablenoun的缩写u=不可数名词，uncountablenoun的缩写pl=复数，plural的缩写vi=不及物动词，intransitiveverb的缩写vt=及物动词，transitiveverb的缩写37-其他词性缩写4-you你happy高兴的

three三

quickly迅速地

student学生

cut砍、割a一个

at在...

and和

oh哦

pron.adj.num.adv.

n.v.art.prep.

erj.(感叹词)

Ex.Writedownthepartofspeechofthefollowingwords:38-

Ex.Writedownthepartofs十大词类名词----------表示人或事物的名称形容词-------表示人或事物的特征副词----------修饰动词、形容词、或其他副词动词----------表示动作或状态代词----------代替名词、数词数词----------表示数量或顺序冠词----------限制名词的意义介词-------表示名词、代词和其他词的关系连词-------连接词与词或句与句39-十大词类6-

二、英语句子成分

40-7-（一）主语：一个句子所叙述的主体，表示句子所说的是：“什么人”或“什么事物”1.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.2.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.3.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.4.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.主语的位置是？？？1.一般位于句首或谓语之前。41-（一）主语：一个句子所叙述的主体，表示句子所说的是：“什么人Isyourfatheralawyeroradoctor?

Hasshegotabigflat?Shallwehaveaswimwithyourfriends?2.疑问句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后Sitdown,please.Comein,please.3.祈使句中主语常省略42-Isyourfatheralawyerorad

Gonearethedayswhenfarmersliveinthepoorhouses.

Nosoonerhadshegivenhimawelcomethanshewentintopreparehimameal.

Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.Thereisaclockonthewall.OncetherelivedakingcalledLear.Theregoesthebell!倒装句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后Therebe结构中主语在be动词之后43-Gonearethedayswhenfa（名词）（代词）（数词）（动名词）（从句）1.One-thirdisproduced.2.Runningdoesgoodtothehealth.3.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.4.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.5.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.7.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.8.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（不定式）（名词化的形容词）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）44-（名词）（代词）（数词）（动名词）（从句）1.One-th1.Honestisafinequalityofhumanbeingsandthereforeweshouldnottelllies.2.Helpothersistohelpourselves.3.DoalotofhouseworkdayandnightmadeCatherinebecomeweakerandweaker.4.Liuxianggotthefirstplaceinthe2004OlympicGamesshockedpeopleallovertheworld.5.Inmyopinion,visituniversitiesisjustapopularculture.单句改错（只有一处错误）。

45-1.Honestisafinequalityof（二）谓语：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。Hepractices

runningeverymorning.Shetakesgoodcareofhersickmother.2、复合谓语：（1）情态动词+动词原形。HecanspeakFrenchveryfluently.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.（2）系动词+表语。Thefilmisinteresting.Helookedabitexcited.46-（二）谓语：13-6.ItiswarmherealltheyearroundbecauseGuangzhoulocatedinthemiddleofGuangdongprovince.7.TogetpreparedfortheAsianGames,Guangzhoubuilt82sportscourtssofar.8.Itnotonlyhavealotofhigh-risebuilding,butisalsofamousforthescenicspots.9.Canitattractsthetouristsfromhomeandabroad?单句改错（只有一处错误）。

47-6.Itiswarmherealltheyea（三）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。1.Theywenttoseeanexhibition

yesterday.2.Pleasetakethemtothewaitingroom.3.Ihave

three.4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Maryenjoysplayingthepiano.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.

（名词）（代词）（数词）（名词化形容词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（从句）48-（三）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）

Lendme

yourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）

Theyelectedhim

theirmonitor.Weconsidertheanswer

wrong.

49-16-（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。1.YangLiweiisanastronaut.2.That’sallIwanttotellyou.3.Threetimesfouristwelve.4.Theweatherhasturnedwarm.5.Thespeechisexcitingandthestudentsareexcited.6.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.7.MyjobistoteachEnglish.8.Ourteacherisn’tin.Heisout.9.Heisingoodhealth.10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.50-（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系系动词：描述稳定状态：be描述变化或结果：get,become,turn,grow,go,prove,fall描述表象或感官效果：look,appear,seem,smell,taste,sound,feel,描述持续状态：keep,stay,remain,51-系动词：18-（五）定语：起修饰作用，翻译成“……的”1.Heisacleverboy.2.Yourhairneedscutting.3.There’sonlyonewaytodoit.4.Thereisababygirl.5.Wecannotusesleepingpillsatrandom.6.Theretiredworkerfindlifeboring.7.That’sthewaytodoit.8.ThisisamapofChina.9.Canyouhelpmetocleantheroomabove.10.Thecarthat’sparkedoutsideismine.52-（五）定语：起修饰作用，翻译成“……的”19-状语(副词)的位置：1.ShespeaksFrenchfluently.2.Iusuallyeatbreakfastathome.3.Youneedn’talwayshelpme.4.Heisalwayscomplaining.5.Thelocalpeopleareverykindtothevisitors.6.Theroomisbigenoughtohold80people.7.Heneverstudies.Instead,heplaysallday.谓语(+宾语)后频度副词位于被修饰动词前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。被修饰词前(enough特殊)修饰全句或起连接作用的副词放在句首（六）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子53-状语(副词)的位置：谓语(+宾语)后频度副词位于被修饰动词前1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.4.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.

（时间状语）

（原因状语）

（条件状语）

（地点状语）

（方式状语）状语的种类：54-1.Howaboutmeetingagainat6.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴随状语）

（目的状语）

（结果状语）

（让步状语）

（比较状语）55-6.Shecameinwithadictiona（七）补足语：宾语补足语:补充说明宾语，使句意完整。1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Pleaselethimin.4.Theteacheradvisedthestudentstohavearest.5.Iseeherenteringasupermarket.6.Hejusthadhishaircut.56-（七）补足语：23-划分句子成份1.Themachine

runs

smoothly.2.Whyhedidit

willremain

apuzzle

forever.3.They

havesetup

anetwork

offinancialadvicecentre.4.Mr.Chen,thedirectorofGrade3,isknown

forhishumor.5.Theman

wentto

theshop

withallthemoney

hehad.57-划分句子成份1.Themachinerunssm6.He

left

here

atsix

inthemorning

inordertocatchtheplane.

7.OurEnglishteacher,MsWang,is

very

kindtous.

8.Tooursurprise,he

haschanged

greatly.

9.It

isnot

agoodidea

todriveforfourhours

withoutabreak.

10.She

was

thesecond

toenterthereadingroom.58-6.Helefthereatsixin11.Hishair

hasturned

gray,andlines

haveappeared

onhisface.

12.She

islookinginto

thebox.

13.Mr.Wu

told

us

afunnystory

yesterday.

14.He

bought

me

apen.

15.We

made

him

ourmonitor.

16.He

asked

me

tohelphimoutofthedebt.

59-11.Hishairhas