英语句子成分英语句子结构讲解DOC

英语句子成分和英语句子构造解说(DOC)一、英语句子成分和英语句子构造解说：（一）句子成分主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。主语能够由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担当。Thesunrisesintheeast.

（名词）

Helikesdancing.

（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(

数词)Seeingisbelieving.

（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.

（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.It形式主语，主语从句是真实主语）找出以下句中的主语：Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.

（名词）

Shewentoutinahurry.

（代词）Fourplusfouriseight.

（数词）

Toseeistobelieve.

（不定式）Smokingisbadforhealth.

（动名词）

Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.

（名词化的形容词）Whathehassaidistrue.

（句子）谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特色。简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成sawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语：由神态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.找出以下句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）：WeloveChina.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.HecanspeakEnglish.4.Sheseemstired.表语（predicative）:系动词今后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特色。Heisateacher.（名词）Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）★（常有的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）...Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.找出以下句中的表语。Iamateacher.Theyareontheplayground.MyjobisteachingEnglish.Itgetscold.Itsoundsinteresting.4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----及物动词或介词的宾语IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：pleasepassmethebook.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.找出以下句子的宾语部分：Weoftenhelphim.Helikestoplaybasketball.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.Shesaidthathefeltsick.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstudent.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语之外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义圆满。这类常用的及物动词有：Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）主补：对主语的补充，全称为主语补足语。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）定语后置：假如定语是由一个单词表示时，平时要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，平时则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,或句子。表示时间、地址、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式和退步。（以下例句按上述次序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeeting-room.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.（二）句子构造简单句的五个基本句型1.主语＋不及物动词Shecame．/Myheadaches.2.主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.3.主语＋系动词＋表语Sheishappy．4.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.5.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.★There+be句型Therearesomebooksonthedesk.Thereliesabookonthedesk.Exercises：解析以下句子成分1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．翻译练习：主谓构造（主语＋不及物动词）1、你应当努力学习Youshouldstudyhard.2、他昨天夜晚很晚回家Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.练习：1、Thisboxweighsfivekilos.这个盒子重五公斤。2、IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.五年前我住在北京。主谓宾构造（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）1、我昨晚写了一封信Iwrotealetterlastnight.2、我今天下午想和你谈谈Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.练习：1、AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。2、Hedidnotknowwhattosay.他不知道说什麽好。主系表构造（主语＋系动词＋表语）1.我的弟弟都是大学生Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.在冬天，白天很短夜晚很长Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.布朗女士看上去很健康MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.在他15岁那年他成为了有名的画家Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.练习：1、树叶已经变黄了。Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.2、这个报告听起来很存心思。Thereportsoundsinteresting.双宾语构造（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）强森先生昨年叫我们德语MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.祖父昨晚给我讲了一个风趣的故事Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.练习：1、请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy?2、我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ShallIcallyouataxi?复合宾语构造（主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）1.我们叫她爱丽丝WecallherAlice.2.他父亲母亲叫他约翰HisparentsnamedhimJohn.练习：1、学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins.2、我认为与那个人讲话是无益的。IthoughtitnousetalkingwiththatmanTherebe句型1.今晚不会开会Thereisn’tgoingtobeameetingtonight.2.这个乡村里只有一口井Therewasonlyawellinthevillage.练习：1、铃响了。Theregoesthebell2、一周有七天。Therearesevendaysaweek二、英语句子种类解说：依据句子的用途，英语句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和惋惜句。依据句子的构造，英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。中考对句子的察看主要集中在以下几个方面：陈述句的组成形式及基本用法；祈使句的组成形式及基本用法；一般疑问句、特别疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的组成形式及基本用法；由what,how引导的惋惜句的组成形式、用法及差别关于各样从句的用法我们在后边分别阐述。(一.)陈述句的组成形式及基本用法陈述句：陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人见解（包括必然和否认）的句子。平时用降调，句末用句号“.”。Tomhasanewcar.Theflowerisn’tbeautiful.陈述句否认式的组成(1)假如必然陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、神态动词或连系动词be，则只要在这些动词后加not即可构成否认式。Heisplayingtheguitar.（必然）Heisnotplayingtheguitar.（否认）Wecangettherebeforedark.（必然）Wecan’tgettheebeforedark.（否认）假如陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有神态动词或助动词时，则需依据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t,doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。Heplaystheviolinwell.（必然）Hedoesn’tplaytheviolinwell.（否认）Shewonthegame.（必然）Shedidn’twinthegame.（否认）(3)假如句子是therebe构造或谓语动词是have（有），除了be和have今后加not之外，句中假如有some要变为any。比方：Thereissomewaterinthecup.→Thereisnotanywaterinthecup.Hehassomebooks.→Hehasnotanybooks.(4)除not之外，否认词no,never,nothing,nobody,few等也可组成否认句。比方：Thereissomethingwrongwithhisbike.→Thereisnothingwrongwithhisbike.Ihaveseenthefilm.→Ihaveneverseenthefilm.(二.)祈使句的组成形式及基本用法祈使句是用来表示命令、恳求、建议、呼吁等的句子，谓语动词用原形，句末用惋惜号“！”或句号“.”。朗诵时一般用降调。必然的祈使句：1）祈使句主语是you时，you常省略，但假如要特别重申对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时能够有主语或称呼语。Bequiet.Youbequiet!（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或恳求，do起重申作用。Docomebackatonce!Dobecareful.（3）please用在祈使句中能够表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必然用逗号与其他部分分开。Openthewindow,please.（4）Let引导祈使句时，后边需跟上人称代词或称呼语，人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。LetJackwaitaminute.Let’sgotoschool.5）在祈使句中，Let’s和Letus是有区其他。Let’s包括说话者，而Letus不包括听话者在内。这点从反意疑问句