句子成分课件-高三英语二轮复习

英语句子概论Iamadog.Icanbark.Therestandsmyhouse.Ihaveafriend.Wegiveeachotherfood.Wemakeeachotherhappy..主语＋系动词＋表语.主语＋不及物动词.Therebe句式.主语＋动词＋宾语+宾补.主语＋动词＋间宾+直宾.主语＋及物动词＋宾语。a.主语＋不及物动词

（主＋谓）c.主语＋及物动词＋宾语（主＋谓＋宾）b.主语＋系动词＋表（主＋系＋表）

d.主语＋双宾动词+间宾+直宾

（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）e.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语

（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）f.There+be句式简单句a.主＋谓Herunseveryday.Heworksouteverydayb.主＋谓＋宾They

laughedather.Theytoldalie.简单句d.主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾Heofferedmehisseat.Iboughthimaticket.c.主+系+表Thesouptastesdelicious.Heisanartist.简单句e.（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）Thenoisealmostdrovemecrazy.Heencouragedustostudyhard.Ismellsomethingburning.Tomhadthewaterrunning.

f.There+be/stand/lie/live...Thereliesalakeinthenorthofourcounty.Thereexistafewstrangeanimals.TherewillbenolivingthingsontheMars.简单句Exercise:分析句子结构1）Youareastudent.2）Hefelthappy.3）Thenewsmademehappy.4）Couldyougivemesomeadvice?5）Hewentaway.6）Helikespopmusic.7）Thesoundsoundsstrange.8）Thefoodtastesgood.9）Hegavemeabook.

10）Weallthinkitapity.Exercise翻译句子1.Mary出去了。2.他能说英语。3.他不能忍受疼痛。4.我看到他被他爸打。5.他让我们感到高兴。MarywentoutHecanspeakEnglishHecan’tstandthepain.Isawhimbeatenbyhisfather.He

made

us

happy.Iamalovelydog.Icanbarkloudly.Therestandsmysmallhousewithabeautifulwindow.Ihavealovelyfriend,Tonny.Weoftengiveeachothertastyfoodonthegrass.Wereallymakeeachotherhappyeveryday.定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语句子成分Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.

㈠主语

句子说明的人或事物

（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）

句子成分㈡谓语

说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由系动词、动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.Thestoryisinteresting.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancingShowyourticket,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（名词）

(

代词）(数词)(名词化的形容词)(三)宾语

动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语（不定式）（动名词）句子成分（四）表语在系动词或连系动词后的部分就是表语Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.

I’mnotquitemyselftoday.

Thatremainsapuzzle.

Idon’tfeelatease.（名词）（不定式）(形容词)(介词短语)(副词)（代词）句子成分Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssister?Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.（五）定语

修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组

(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(现在分词)(过去分词)句子成分定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.句子成分

（六）状语

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式和伴随状况等。Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.句子成分

（七）宾语补足语

有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词或介词(短语)等充当。Sheaskedmetolendherahand.句子成分Exercise指出划线部分句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.主定间宾谓vt时状定状定表宾状主表9.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.10.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.11.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.12.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?13.Hesatthere,

readinganewspaper.14.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.15.Henoticedamanentertheroom.谓宾状形宾真宾双宾地状伴状形主宾补宾补表IamalovelydogandIcanbarkloudly.Therestandsmysmallhousewithabeautifulwindowwhichfacesthesouth.IhavealovelyfriendwhosenameisTonny.Everytimeweseeeachother,weoftengiveeachothertastyfoodonthegrass.Asisoftenthecase,Wereallymakeeachotherhappyeveryday.并列句需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。用分号：Wefishedallday;wedidn’tcatchathing.用分号，后跟一个连接副词：Wefishedallday;however,wedidn’tcatchathing.用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等）Wefishedallday,but(we)didn’tcatchathing.并列句常用并列连词

平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:

选择并列连词:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…norbut,while,yetfor,soor,either…or特殊句式并列句祈使句/名词（组）+and/or+陈述句（一般将来时）Tryyourbest,andyouwillsucceed.Tryyourbest,oryouwillfail.Onemorestep,andyouwillreachit.Onemorestep,oryoucan’treachit.Exercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。Hewastired,sohewenttobed.1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.

2.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt.Hewasafraidofthedog.3.Hemadeapromise.Hedidn’tkeepit.Hemadeapromise,butHedidn’tkeepit.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt,forhewasafraidofthedog.复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。复合句=主句+连接词+从句。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：

名词性从句状语从句定语从句复合句Hetoldme

thenews.宾语thatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.whenhewasleavingforParis.宾语从句复合句thepeople

surprisedThatWhathesaidwhathedid主语Thathedidn’tknowtheanswerintheroom.定语whoweresittingintheroom.whosesonswereatwar.复合句Heworked

inthatfactorythreeyearsago.地点状语时间状语wherehisfatherworkedinthatfactorywhenhelivedthere复合句指出句子的类型PracticeWhyheisabsentisunknown.Ihavenoideawhyheisabsent.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Thisisacomputerthatworksmuchslower.Hewaspunishedbecausehebrokethelaw.EverytimeIseehim,heworkshard.Iwillgounlessnooneelsedoes.Asweknow,themeetingisagreatsuccess.Workhard,andyoucanpasstheexam.Ilikereading,whilehelikeswatchingTV.用所给连词连接句子。Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why)名词性从