高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册UNIT1词汇语法等学案

人教版（2019版）高中英语选择性必修第四册第一单元学案【词汇语法等】UNITONE.fiction[ftkJn]:n.小说（U.）;虚构的事（C.）novelfnDn（3）l]:n.小说adj.新颖的；与众不同的thriller:n.惊险小说story:n.故事；小说；传记；报道testout:检验；测试tryout:试用；测试；试验bonus[bounds]:n.意外收获；奖金;红利reward:n.奖励；报酬；悬赏金award:n.奖；奖品；奖金；奖状money:n.钱cash:n.现金currency:n.货币（be/look）morelike...:更像是；更接近belike...：像...looklike...：看起来像…ridiculous[ridikjahs]:adj.愚蠢的;荒谬的；荒唐的ridiculously:adv.荒唐地;荒谬地；令人惊奇地Itisridiculoustodo做什么是愚蠢的/荒谬的/荒唐的Itisridiculousthat…是愚蠢的/荒谬的/荒唐的fun[fAn]:adj.有趣的；好玩的；令人开心的/快乐的/愉快的funny[fAni]：adj.滑稽的；好笑的；有趣的；奇怪的；疯癫的foolish[fu：iiJ]：adj.愚蠢的；可笑的silly[sili]:adj.傻的；糊涂的；可笑的stupid['stju：pid]：adj.愚蠢的；糊涂的；迟钝的；烦人的comic:adj.滑稽的；好笑的integrity[integrati|:n.老实正直；完整；完好honest[Dnist]：adj.老实的;正直的honesty：n.老实；正直perfect[p3：fikt]：adj.完美的；极好的;理想的;正确的dignity['digwti]:n.庄重；庄严；尊严withdignity:有尊严地respect:vJn.尊敬；尊重salary[ssehri]:n.薪水；薪金（常指月工资，也可用来表示年薪）wage[weid31：n.工资（小时/天/周工资）offer/pay/raiseawage/salary:提供/支付/上调工资income：n.收入；收益pay:n.工资；薪水getarise/raise:涨工资getpaid:领工资absurd[abS3：d]:adj.荒谬的；荒唐的ridiculous:adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的Itisabsurdtodo做什么是荒谬的/荒唐的Itisabsurdthat...是荒谬的/荒唐的appointment[apoIntmant]:n.预约；约会；委任appointspo工nt]:v.任命;委任；约定keepanappointment:准时赴约haveanappointmentwith...:和..•约会（办事情等）haveadatewith...:和…约会（情人之间）disappoint[,disa'poInt]:v.使失望/破灭落空disappointeddisopoIntid|:adj.失望的；沮丧的；失意的disappoint返:adj.使人失望的/沮丧的nail[nel1]:n.指甲；趾甲；钉子

vt.（用钉子）钉牢；固定

hammer[^aema]：n.锤子v.锤击nail...down:把…盯牢/固定nail...up:用钉子把（门/窗）封住/封死；用钉子把什么固定到什么上saleswoman:n.女售货员；女推销员salesman:n.男售货员；男推销员sell（sold）[sei]:v.卖；出售；推销；出卖salc[sei1|:n.卖；出售；销售；拍卖onsale:削价出售；销售；上市forsale:出售；待售guilty[giIti]:adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的guilt:n.内疚;犯罪；罪行innocence[Indsns]:n.天真；单纯；无罪innocent:adj.天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的crime[kraimJ：n.犯罪；罪行commita/thecrime:犯罪suspend[sa'spend]:vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓hang[haeg]：v.吊；悬挂（hung）（经常用主动表示被动）string[stng]:n.细绳；线；一串vt.(strung[strAg])悬挂；系stop:v.使停止；停下；停止pause[po：zj:v.哲停；停顿delay[dilei]:v.延迟；延期；推迟postpone[pospdun]：v.延迟；延期putoff:推迟；拖延Alamp/fanissuspended/strungfromtheceiling.=Alamp/fanhangsfromtheceiling.ladder['Isedd(r)]:n.梯子；阶梯lantern]henton]:n.灯笼stair[stea]:n.楼梯downstairs:advJadj.楼下upstairs:adv./adj.楼上goupstairs/downstairs:上楼/下楼dismiss[dismis]:vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除fire/dismisssb:解雇某人hirc/employsb:雇用某人rent[rent]:n.租金v.租用；租借；出租declare[diklea(r)]:vt.说明；宣称；公布declarewaron...:向…宣战announce:v.宣布；宣告；通知；声称；宣称claimfkleim]:v.宣称；声称；索取whereas[.wen'aez]:conj.然而；但是；尽管while：conj.然而but：conj,但是however[haueva]:adv.然而；但是evenif/though:即使；尽管；纵然；虽然though:虽然；但是although:虽然；然而；但是regardless/despiteof=inspiteof=indespiteof=despite:不管；不顾;尽管rumour/rumor['ru：ma(r)]:n.谣言；传闻truth[tru：0J:n.真理；真相；事实start/spreadarumour:制造/散布谣言presume[pnzju：m][pnzu：m]:vt./vi.假设；假定；认为

presumption[pnzAmpfn]:n.假设；假定

assumedsju：mJ:v.设想；假定；认为

assumption^'sAmpJn]:n.假定;假设

suppose:v.假定；假设；认为(正式)

imagine:v.想象；设想；认为

supposc/supposing/assuming/provided/

providing+that句子…：假如；假定

【上结构that前的词均是连词】fare[fea(r)]:n.车费;船费;飞机/火车/公共汽车/出租车票价fee[fi：]:n.服务费；酬金；咨询费；报名费；会费tuitionfee:学费[[tjuifn]:教学;讲授；指导;学费】weekly[wi:kli]:adj.每周的adv.每周=everyweekn.周刊monthly-daily一yearlyannualfaenjual]:adj.每年的n.年刊；年鉴annually:adv.一年一次地ona...basis:根据；以…的方式(基准)according(to)[ako:di-]・・・：根据;按照ona24/7basis:一周不分白天黑夜的方式onaregular/permanent/part-tinie/temporarybasis:以定期/永久/兼职/临时性方式calculate['kxlkjuleit]:vt.计算；核算；预测count[kaunt]:v.计数；数数;重要；有影响predict:v.预测；预言；预报circulate^S3：kjdleit]:v.循环;流传;传播workon;演算；致力于workout:算出；锻炼chairwoman[tjeawuman]:n.女主席；女董事长；女委员长chairman:n.男主席；男董事长；男委员长president!prezidant]：n.国家主席；总统；校长;院长；董事长；行长26.gramme/gram[graem]:n.克(重量单位)kilogram/kilof'kihgrsein]/[ki:lou]:n.千克；公斤ton[tAn]:n.吨pound:n.磅(1pound=0.454kilograms)bythegram/kilograni/ton:以克/千克/吨为单位byweight:以重量为单位flour[flauo(r)]:n.面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉flower['flaua(r)]:n.花blossomfblDsoni]:v.开花n.花朵wheat[wi:t]:n.小麦venue[venju：]:n.活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)avenue[aevanju:]:n.(城镇的)大街；林荫道stadium[steidiamj:n.体育场；运动场sportsground:n.操场；运动场playground:n.游乐场；操场gym[d3im]:n.健身房；体育馆bowl:n.椭圆形体育场；碗alien[ellidn]:n.外星人(生物)；外国人adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的foreign[foran]：adj.外国的；外来的；陌生的foreigner['fDrono]：n.夕卜国人odd[Dd]:adj.古怪的；奇怪的strange:adj.奇怪的；陌生的(the)prosandcons:事物的利与弊；支持与反对[prouz][konz]advantage[adva：ntid3]:n.有利条件/因素；优势；优点disadvantage:n.不利条件/因素；劣势；缺点Weneedtodiscusstheprosandconsofthisproject.blurred[bl3：d]:adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的ambiguous[把mbigjuas]:adj.模棱两可的distinguish[distlqgwiJ]:v.区分;区分/别;使著名ablurredimage/picture(photo)/memory:模糊的形象/照片/记忆superior[su：piaria(r)][sju：pioria]:adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的super[su：paj:adj.超级的；极好的superb[su：p3：b]:adj.杰出的；卓越的；极佳的；质量高的supper[sApd]:n.晚餐(be)superiorto...:比…更好；更胜一筹besenior/juniortosb:比...年长/年幼；比…级别高/低takeover:占上风；取而代之；接管；接手takeoverfrom占上风；取而代之takeover...from接管；接手inaction[inaekjnJ:n.无行动；不采取措施action[a?kjn]：n.行动；活动；动作takeaction(s)(todo...):采取行动做什么takeastep/measuretodo...:采取措施做什么labour/labor[leibo(r)]:n.劳动(者)；体力劳动(U.)vi.奋斗；努力工作work:vJn.工作；劳动forcedlabor:强迫劳动LaborDay:劳工节；劳动节(在美国和加拿大为九月的第一个星期一)May1InternationalLaborDay:五一国际劳动节InternationalWorkers9Day:五一国际劳动节MayDay:(五一)劳动节leather['leda(r)]:n.皮革；[复数]皮衣；皮外套featherf'fedo(r)]:n.羽毛lever['li:va(r)]['levdr]:n.操纵杆；杠杆level[lev(d)l]:n.水平；水准Iiver[Uva(r)]:n.肝脏;肝panel[paenl]:n.控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组pan[paenj：n.平底锅meter:n.计量器；计量表;米；公尺；acontrol/displaypanel:控制/显示面板inch[intj]:n.英寸(长度单位,等于2.54厘米)foot(复数feet):n.英尺foot=12inches=30.48centimetersmillimeter—centimeter—meter—kilometerbackwards[baekwadz](backward):adv.向后；倒着；往回forwards/forward:adv.向前upwards/upward:adv.向上downwards/downward:adv.向下eastwards/eastward:adv.向东backward(s)andforward(s):来来回回；来回地；来来去去grip[gnp]:vt.&vi.紧握；抓紧grasp[gra:sp]:v.抓紧；抓牢；理解；领会catch:v.接住；抓住；握住；领会grab[graebj:v.抓住；攫取；抢占seize[si:z]:v.抓住；夺取；攻占hold:v.抓住；拿着；抱住；托住hold/liang/griponto...:紧紧抓住…catch/get/grab/take/seizeholdof...:抓住；握住；拿着hazy[heizi]:adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的confused:adj.糊涂的；迷惑的；不清楚的puzzled[pAzId]:adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的niece[ni：s]:n.侄女；外甥女nephewfnefju：1：n・侄子;外甥brother---sisterson---daughtercousinfkAzn]:n.堂俵)兄/弟/姐/妹fetch[fetj]:vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来fetch...from...:去/从…拿回/拿来bring:v.拿来；带来；取来take:v,拿走；带走；取走carry:v.拿；提；搬；扛；背；抱；运送；携带；佩戴handkerchief[ha^kotjif]:n.手帕;纸巾（复数：-chiefs/-chieves）chief[tfi：f]：n.首领；上司；领袖；头目；长官（复数：chiefs）lamp[laempl：n.灯；台灯（使用电/油/气）light:n.灯;电灯switch（turn）on/offalamp（light）:开/关灯turnoutalamp（light）:关灯turnout:关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是turnouttobe+名词/形容词：结果/原来/证明是Itturnsoutthat结果/原来/证明是…pace[pels]:n.速度；步伐；节奏v.确定速度；调整节奏paceoneself:控制步速；以平稳的速度做什么；掌握速度ata...pace:以…的速度ataslow/fastpace:慢速/快速ata/thespeedof...:以..的速度athigh/top/full/iowspeed:以高/全/低速fallaway:（逐渐）减少；消失reduce[n'dju：s]:v.减少；缩小；降低decrease[dikri:s]：v.减少；降低decline[diklainJ:v.减少;下降；衰竭fall:v.减少;下降；落下；跌倒drop:v.降低；减少;落下；掉下godown:下降;下跌increase:v.增长;增多；增加rise:v.增加；增长；上升goup:上涨；上升disappear：v.消失；失踪；灭绝；消亡disappearfrom...:从…消失division[divi3n]:n.分开；分隔；差异；除（法）divide[divaid]：v.分开；分割；除以o...:把…分成…separate…from...:把…和…分开dodivision:做除法addition:n.力口法apuffof...:一缕；一股；一阵runoutofpuff:气喘吁吁urge[3：d3]:n.强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐urgesbtodo...:敦促/催促/力劝某人做什么urgethat句子：强烈要求（从句用shoulddo/be结构,should可省）haveanurgetodo...:有强烈的欲望做某事bedyingtodo...:极想做…random[rsenddm]:adj.随机的；不可思议的randomly:adv.随机；随意；未加计划地=atrandommaximum[maeksimom]:adj.最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度minimum:adj.最小的；最低的；最低限度的n.最低限度；最小值；最少量explode[1ksplaud]:vi./vt.爆炸；爆破gooff:爆炸;走火;离开blowup:爆炸；炸毁bomb[bDmJ:n.炸弹v.轰炸jolt[d3auIt]:11.震动；摇晃；颠簸(使)震动；摇晃

shake(shook-shaken):v.摇动；抖动；

(使)颤抖；摇头

tremble:v.颤抖；哆嗦；抖动；战栗stun(stAn]:vt.使震惊；使昏迷stunned:adj.震惊的；惊愕的stunning:adj.令人震惊的/惊愕的faint[feint]:vJn.昏厥dizzy[dizi]:adj.头晕目眩的；眩晕的v.使头晕眼花；使发昏l)Thestrongearthquakestunnedallthepeople.2)AI1thepeoplearestunnedatthestrongearthquake.3)Thestrongearthquakeisstunning.overstatement[auvasteitmant]:n.夸大；夸张statement:11.说法；声明；陈述state:v.陈述；说明；声明experimentwith...:用…做实验；试用espccially/particularlywhen/as...特别是当…的时候especiaily/particularlyif...：特别是如果…Clairedidn'twanttherobotinherhouse,especiallvasherhusbandwouldbeawayonabusinesstripforthreeweeks.onabusinesstrip:出差；出公差onbusiness:出差onthefirstmorning:在第一天早上/上午orrather:更准确的说；倒不如说l)SoClaireborrowedsomelibrarybooksforhimtoread,orrather,scan.2)Sheworkedasasecretary,orrather,apersonalassistant.3)Hewasverysad,orrather,depressed.4)Theboyplayedthecomputergametilllatelastnight,orrather,earlythismorning.5)Orratheryouaredoingsomethingthatismoreimportanttoourcountry.6)Heruncle,orratherhermother'sbrother,wantstobuythefarm.godowntown:去市中心/商业区inarelationship:在恋爱中falloff/fromtheladder:从梯子上摔下来fortherestofthenight:晚上剩下的时间take...inone,sarms:抱住strike[straik]:v.(struck-struck/stricken)罢工；侵袭；重创;打；碰撞；撞击；击打；打动；给印象;(钟)打点银时l)Theclock(has)struckeight(o'clock).2)Didyouheartheclockstrike?3)Twelveo'clockhasjuststruck.be/getcloseto...：靠近一个主句接两个宾语从句：Sheheardhimdeclare(that)hedidnotwanttoleaveherthenextday,andthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretepleasehea.eupwith想起；想出thesame...as...:和…相同的…besimilarto...：与…类似湘似inthesameway:同样Whenitconiestosth/doing...:当涉及；就…而论；在…方面address[o'dres]:n.地址；演说；演讲v.向…讲话/演说；解决；处理；对付addressthisinternationalAIconference:在本次国际人工智能会议上发言addressa/themeeting/conference:在会议上发表演讲giveanaddress/aspeechtosb:向…发表演讲addresssb:向某人说话/讲话address/dealwith/tackle/solve/settlesth:解决…Itwilltake/be一段时间before+句子。将需要/将过多少时间才做…。Itwilltake/belongbefore+句子。将过很久才做…Ittook/was一段时间before+句子。花费了/过了多少时间才做了…。Ittook/waslongbefore+句子。过了很久才做…Whenilcomestogames,2017becameayearinwhichAIdefeatedhumansinsomanygamesthatAIresearcherssaythatitwillnstbelongbeforeAIcanwinatalmosteverything.(apieceof)carry-onluggage:随身携带的行李theStudentUnion=theStudents5Union:学生会chairman/presidentoftheStudentUnion:学生会主席theNationalCollegeEntranceExamination:全国高考score692pointsoutof750(in...)：获得750总分的692分getascoreof692outof750(in...)beadmittedto/into...:被录取；被允许进入atopuniversity:一流大学；顶尖大学；名牌大学；重点大学akeyuniversity:重点大学morethan:非常；超过；胜过；不仅仅sit/seatsb+地点：使/让某人坐在某处Igavethetimemachinealastcheck,heopen(air)：在户外/野外orso:左右;・..上下(about=around=sonie)l)Therearetwentyorsopeopleinthehall.2)Wewanderedaboutthetownforanhourorso.3Thereare60orsohotelsinthetown.4)VVehavegotabout790orsobillionairesintheUSA.introductionto...:什么的介绍answer/keyto...:什么的答案keyto...:…什么的钥匙aticketto/forsth:什么票aticketfor+时间：什么时间的票asolutionto...:什么的解决方案/方法bebesidethepoint:离题的；不相关的；偏离要点Yes,Iknowitwasanaccident,butthafsbesidethepoint.so/aslongas+句子：只要benextto...:在…旁/隔壁；紧靠着；紧挨着travelthroughtime:穿越时空timetravel:穿越时空(time:v.)atonetimeoranother:曾经；有时(at)thistimelastyear:去年的这个时候cropcircle:麦田怪圈本单元语法：被动语态主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。(by)be/get/become。过去分词★(1)一般现在时：经常性、习惯性、规律性、真理性或者反复发生的被动动作。主语♦am/is/are♦过去分词Treesareusuallyplantedinspringandautumn.(2)一般过去时：过去某时完成了的被动动作。与过去时间连用。主语♦was/were+过去分词Thebridgewasbuilttwentvyearsago.(3)一般将来时：将来的被动动作。主语♦willbe♦过去分词Thesoldierswillbesenttothebattlefields.(4)现在进行时：现在正在进行的被动动作。主语♦am/is/arebeing♦过去分词Thenewmachinesarebeinztestedinthenextroom.(5)过去进行时：过去某时正在进行的被动动作。主语♦was/werebeing+过去分词WhenIcamhereatthistim