北极光的知识(英文版)

16/16SecｔｉonAＦinlanｄNorthｅｒnLiｇhtsTheＮoｒthernLighｔs，ａｌsoｋｎownａs“ＡuｒoraBoreａlis（北极光)”ortｈe“DaｗnoftheＮｏｒth”，neveｒｆailｔotakeyourbreathaway.Theauｒoraｂｏrealisisoneｏｆtheｍostsublime(超群的)ａnｄｍagnｉfiｃentnaturalphenｏｍenaonＥartｈ.Beforescienｔistscｒaｃｋｅd(侦破）ｔhemyｓteryoftheauroras,meｎwｅredrawn（吸引）ａndfascｉnateｄ（强烈地吸引住）bythesedａｎcingandmagiｃaｌlｉｇhtsthaｔweｒeofｔeｎfoundｉnｍyｔhology（神话）aｎdlegends.InＲｏｍanMytholoｇy，ｉtissaiｄthattｈｅＡuroraisｔhedｅitｙ(神)oftｈedａwn.ＩｎNoｒthAｍericａ,theＩnuits（爱斯基摩人）haveｍａnyｌｅgeｎdsthatｅｘplaintｈｅｍasspiritsｏfthedｅad．Tｈeybelievedthatthｅｌiｇhtsaretheeｓsｅｎceｓ（精华）ofdeer,salmoｎ（鲑鱼),ｓｅalsanｄoｔｈeranｉmalsthattheyhunteｄ。Ａｒistotle(亚里斯多德)ｔhoｕghtｉtwａsｇｌowiｎgairgushing(喷出）fｒomcｒacksｉnthｅsｋy.Thｅaｐpearａｎceofthereｄauｒｏｒainmedｉevａl(中世纪的)timeswasfeａrｅｄａsabａｄomen（前兆)orａｓｉｇnoｆGoｄ'sａｎger.Ｔheybｅliｅveｄthｅmａniｆestaｔion（显现）ｏfthｅａｕｒoｒaｉndiｃatedｆamｉneｏrwaｒ.CharlesHall（查尔斯·霍尔），ａ1９ｔh－cenｔｕrypoｌareｘplorer,exclaimed:＂WｈobuｔGodcanｃonｃeiｖe(想出)suchinfiniｔｅ(无穷的）scenｅsoｆｇlory?"Oddlyeｎoｕgh,theMａｏrｉ（毛利人)thoｕghtｔhａtｔhedisplaysweｒeｊｕstｒeｆleｃｔｉonsｏｆacａmpｆire(营火)ｏrtorｃｈes。Regardlesｓｗhetherｙouｂeｌieｖetｈescientifｉcfacｔsｏrthｅlegendsｂeｈindｉｔsexｉstence,yoｕ’ｌｌｓtiｌlbecaptｉvaｔed（吸住）bythesｅsuｐｅrnatuｒalｄisｐｌａyｏｆlights,ａｎｄｔherearecountlessdｅｓｔinatioｎswhｅreyoucａnseetheｍaｊesｔicphｅｎoｍｅnｏn.Finｌａｎd（芬兰）,forｅｘampｌe，shoulｄbeareｐｒeｓentａtiｖe。ＭａnyvｉｓitoｒstoFｉｎｌａｎｄｃomewｉtｈhopesofｓeeingtheFｉnｌａｎdＮortｈｅrnLights。ThebｅsｔｐlaｃetｏseeｔheNoｒｔhｅrnLightｓiｎＦｉnｌaｎdisｉntheｎorｔherｎＬａplandｒｅgｉon（拉普兰地区），whichisａlｍｏsteｎtiｒeｌylocａｔedwiｔｈiｎtｈerｅａlｍ（区域)ｏftheArcticＣiｒclｅ(北极圈)。Duｒinｇtｈeｄarkwinterｍonthshere，whenthesunｒarｅlypeａks（使达到最高峰）itｓhｅadｏverthehorizｏn,ｙｏuｃanexpecttoseｅtheＦinlaｎdＮortｈeｒｎLｉghtｓｗｉthreｇuｌａrity,andotｈeｒpeａk(峰值)ｓeａｓonsｉncludｅFebrｕａrｙthｒoughMarchａndＳeｐteｍbeｒthｒｏughOcｔobｅr．Tｈetimebeｔween6p.m．and１a.m．istｈｅｍosｔintenseｐeriｏdoｆthｅday.Theｈigｈestprobabｉlｉtyｗitｈｉnthｉstimeｓpan(时间间隔)toseethｅＦinlanｄNoｒthernＬiｇｈtsisbeｔween9p.m.ａnd11：30p.m．，tｈｏughthｅyarｅｃertａiｎlyｎoｔrestricｔｅdtoｔhiｓtimeframe.ＩfyouｈaveneverseｅｎtｈeNortｈｅrnＬｉghtｓwhereｖerｔhｅycommonlyocｃuｒinthｅｗorlｄ，thｅnｙouwｉlｌbeamaｚedｔhｅｆirsttimｅTheNorthernLiｇｈtsａresｉｍilartoａsunsetｉnｔheskyａｔnight,bｕtapｐｅarｏccasioｎａllyinarcs（弧光）orspirａlｓ(螺旋形物）ｕｓualｌｙfollowingtheearth＇ｓmagｎetｉc(磁性的)fｉｅｌd。Ｔheyaremostoftenｌightgrｅeniｎcoｌｏrbutofteｎhaveahiｎtoｆｐink．Swiｒｌing（涡旋形的）shａｄesofblｕe,green，ａndpｉnkａrｅmｏsｔcommｏnwheｎitcｏmesｔｏtheFinｌａｎｄNorthernLiｇhts.Ｓtrｏngｅrupｔionｓalsohａveｖiｏleｔ（紫罗兰色的）andwhｉtｅcolｏｕrs.Rｅdnortｈｅrnlｉghtsaｒeｒare，ｂutcａnsoｍeｔｉｍeｓbｅobseｒｖedonlowｅrlatituｄeｓ（纬度）.TｈeFinｌanｄAuroraＢoreａlis，whiｌeｂestseｅnｉｎLaｐlaｎｄ，caｎalsoｂeｗitneｓsedasfarsouｔhaｓthecａpitａlciｔyｏfHelsinｋi（赫尔辛基)froｍtimetｏtime,thouｇhｏnaveｒage,tｈｅreａreonlyｓomeｔｗentｙdａｙsoｕtｏfthｅｙearｗｈenviewｉｎgtheｍｉｓpossｉbleinmostｓoutｈernｐaｒtｓｏｆｔheｃountry.PartoftheｒeaｓonwhyitcanｂediffｉcｕlttosｅeｔhｅNortherｎLｉｇｈｔsoｆFｉｎlａndinHeｌsinkiiｓbeｃauseoftheｆaｃｔthａtitｉｓhａrdtoescapetoｄiｍlylｉtａreａs.TheｒelatiｖeｌacｋoｆcitylｉｇhtｓisｊｕstoneoｆｔhereａsｏnswｈｙｔheＬaplandregionsｅessome20０nightlyoccｕｒrenｃｅseverｙyear,aｎdｏneｍｕstalsocｏｎsidｅrｔｈeregion'ｓnortheｒnｌocation。Ｔhelｏwｅrrｅaｃｈes(区域)ｏfｔheArcｔicCｉrｃｌｅareidealforviewｉngtheNorｔhｅrnLｉgｈtsaｃrosstｈeplaｎet，ｗhichｉswhyCａnadaanｄAlaskａａrｅgoｏddeｓtｉｎａtiｏnsinthｅWesteｒｎＨemispherｅ（半球）。ForthosewｈoａｒｅwonｄeringwhａtcauseｓtheNortｈerｎLightsinＦinｌaｎd，sｏlarｆlaｒeｓ（耀斑）ａreｌarｇelyreｓpｏnsibｌｅ.Theseflａreseffectivelycａusesolarｗindｓaｎdsolarsｔorms,whichcrｅaｔelｉngｅrｉｎg（游移的)aｔmosｐhericpaｒticｌesormatｔer.ＴhｅAｕrorａBorealｉsisｊustcauｓedbytｈｅseｃｈargeｄ（带电的）pａrtiｃles(粒子）ｅjecteｄ（喷出）froｍthesun。Whenｔｈｅｓeparticleｓrｅachthｅearth,tｈeycｏllide(碰撞）wｉthgaｓａtomsiｎtｈeeａrtｈ’ｓatｍospherecauｓｉngtheｍtｏeｎergｉse(

释放出能量）whｉｃｈｒesulｔsｉnaspeｃtaｃularｍulｔi—colouredlｉｇhtshｏw。Assｕch(因此)，ｓcientistscaｎoftenaｃcuratelypｒedｉｃｔwhenthebestｔiｍesａreforvieｗingthｅNｏrtｈernLighｔｓｉnＦｉnｌaｎdbykeepｉnganeyeoutｆor(留心)ｓoｌarflareｓ。(757ｗｏrｄs)NewＷordsaｕrora［ɔ：'rɔ:rə]ｎ。曙光［C];极光[C];【罗神】(大写）奥罗拉(即曙光女神）sublime[ｓə'ｂlaɪm]a.雄伟的；卓越的;壮丽的；超群的crack［kræｋ]v.敲破；破(案）；破解draｗｖ．吸引（注意等）fａsciｎatev。强烈地吸引住mythoｌogy［mi'θɔｌədʒｉ]n。神话ｄeity［’dｉ：ｉｔi]ｎ.神ｅｓｓeｎｃe[＇ｅsns］n.精髓，精华salmon[’ｓæmən]ｎ．鲑，大麻哈鱼gush［gʌʃ]v。涌出,喷出meｄiｅｖal[medi＇ｉ：vəｌ］a.中世纪的，中古(时代)的；原始的omeｎ[’əｕmən]n。前兆,预兆，兆头mａnifeｓtatioｎ［,mænifes'teiʃən］n.显现coｎceive［kən'si:v］v.想像;想出infinitｅ[’infinit］a。无穷的，广大无边的ｃampfｉre［'kæｍp，faiə]n.营火,篝火ｃapｔｉvaｔe[’ｋæｐtiveiｔ]ｖ。吸住；迷惑住rｅａlm［ｒelm］n．区域,范围ｐeakvt。使达到最高峰ｎ.最大量；巅值，峰值timesｐａnn。时间间隔arc[ɑ：k]n．弧；弧光spiｒal［＇spaiｒəl］ｎ.螺旋形物mａgｎｅｔic[mæg'ｎｅｔik]a．磁（性）的sｗｉrliｎg[swə：l]ｖ．（使）打旋；盘绕violeｔ［’ｖａiəｌit］a.紫罗兰色的latiｔude［＇lætitjｕ：d]n．纬度ｒeａchn.区域，领域,范围hemispｈｅre［’ｈeｍｉｓfiə]n．半球flare[ｆｌɛə］n.（太阳的)耀斑，色球爆发ｌｉngering['liŋgərｉŋ］a.逗留不去的；游移的cｈａrgev。充(电）ｐａrticle［’pɑ:tikl］n.颗粒，微粒；粒子eject[i’ｄʒekｔ］ｖ.喷出ｃolｌｉｄe[kə＇ｌaｉｄ］v．（车等）碰撞（witｈ);（意志等）冲突，抵触（with)eｎerｇisｅ[’eｎəｄʒａiz］=eｎｅｒgｉzｅ（美)vｔ。

供给．.。能量,使精力充沛vi．

释放出能量ＵｓｅｆulＥxpreｓsioｎstａkeone'sｂreathaway屏息凝神ｗithreｇulａriｔy经常地berestrｉctｅdｔo局限于layeyesoｎ看到，看见ａｈintｏf一丁点儿collidｅwith（车等）碰撞；（意志等）冲突，抵触ａｓsｕch这样;因此ｋeepａneyeoutfｏr留心PｒopｅrNamｅsAuｒoraBorealis北极光theIｎuiｔ因纽特人；爱斯基摩人Arｉｓtotｌｅ亚里斯多德ChaｒleｓHaｌl查尔斯霍尔Maori毛利人；毛利语Ｆiｎlａｎd芬兰Ｌaplaｎdregion拉普兰地区ArcｔicCiｒcle北极圈（北纬６６度33分以北区域)Ｈｅlsiｎｋｉ赫尔辛基（芬兰首都)Ｎotｅs1.AuroｒaBｏrｅalｉｓ:北极光—-—”北端的光”由太阳风和地球磁场及上层大气交互作用产生.与南极光（auｒoraaustralis)一起，统称为极光.auｒoraｂorealis这个词是由一个法国的科学家PierrｅGasｓeｎdｉ命名的。２。Aurｏra：古希腊曙光女神古希腊女神奥罗拉（也叫厄俄斯)是曙光女神，她在将光明带往人间的时候，爱上了忧郁的特洛伊王子梯托诺斯，并将王子带回了奥林匹斯山.月亮女神阿尔忒弥斯帮助她将王子藏了起来,并告诉他去宙斯的神殿祈求王子得到长寿。奥罗拉向宙斯祈求了王子的长寿,却忘记了祈求他的永葆青春.于是王子迅速地老去,并被奥罗拉嫌弃,扔回了人间.但是奥罗拉为他生下了孩子，想把孩子留在奥林匹斯，可是宙斯不同意。趁奥罗拉不在,宙斯把孩子带回了人间，奥罗拉悲痛欲绝,却毫无办法。因为女神的悲伤,世界失去了光明。最后奥罗拉被宙斯劝说，继续为人间带来光明。3。Boreａlis:是指北部地区Boreａlｉs与Ausｔｒaliｓ相对，Austraｌis是指南部地区。起源:这个词是由希腊语Boｒeas而来,就是北风的意思。在希腊语中，各个方向的的风都有属于自己的名字:Noｔus南风;Zephｙrus西风；Euro东风。４．Fiｎｌａｎd:芬兰芬兰位于欧洲北部,与瑞典、挪威、俄罗斯接壤，有“千湖之国”之称.芬兰最早的居民为拉普人,故芬兰又称拉普兰。5．Ｌaplaｎdregｉoｎ：拉普兰拉普兰是芬兰最大、同时也是最北端的省份。拉普兰的旅游景点非常有特色，且野生动物资源丰富，因此吸引了全球各地的人们前来观光。拉普兰有着芬兰最富有盛名的国家公园，如圣诞村。此外，它还是观测北极光的最佳地点之一。到此一游堪称是旅游的最高境界，终极追求。6．Hｅlｓinkｉ：（芬兰首都）赫尔辛基赫尔辛基不仅是芬兰首都，同时也是这个国家的最大城市。SectｉonBＡuroraＢoｒeaｌisTｈeａurorａisawideｓprｅａｄcurｔain-likeｃolourｅdglowintheupperａtｍoｓphere。ＩｎthｅArctｉｃｃｉrcle，thｅauroraａppearsasaring—ｓhapeｄglｏw，ｌikeahalo(晕圈）,overthenｏrtｈernpointｏｆScａndiｎａvia，theＳｉbｅriancoast，Aｌaｓｋa,nｏrｔhernCanada，aｎdtｈesoｕｔherntｉpoｆＧreeｎland。Tｈisglowｉｓcａusｅｄbyhigｈ—ｅnerｇyelｅｃtronｓcｏllidｉngｗｉｔhoxygenatoｍsａｎdnｉtroｇｅn(氮）moleｃulｅs。Ｔhｅｂasicpｒｏcｅssｉstｈesameａstｈaｔofａneoｎｓｉｇn(广告霓虹灯),whｉchinvolvesａvａcuｕm(真空）andaｈiｇｈvoltage（电压)electricａｌｄischargｅ(放电).Thｅeｌectricpowｅrｉsgeｎｅratｅｄｂyacｏmｂinatiｏｎoftｈｅsｏｌaｒｗｉｎｄ,ahotioniｚeｄ（电离)ｇasｂlowingoｕｔfrｏｍtｈeｓｕn,anｄtｈｅＥarth'sｍagｎｅticfｉｅｌd.Sｃientifically,theＡuｒｏｒaoｃcｕrsｗhｅnｔｈeEａrtｈ’smagneｔicfieldcoｌlｉdｅswithtｈesｏｌａｒwindcominｇfromtheSｕn，cａｕsｉngatransfeｒofenergythatcreatｅsthenｏｒthernhemｉspheretoｇlow,specifiｃaｌlyarｏunｄthePｏｌｅs.Ｔhisprodｕcｅsmorｅｔhａn1,000timｅsｔheelecｔriｃａｌpoｗerofthewoｒｌd'slargestｐowerplanｔ.Thｅｅrupｔiｏnsａreｌoosｅlｙtiｅdtotｈesｏlaractivityｃycle，wｈｉｃhlａstsaｂout１1ｙeａrｓ.Thｅｌａrｇeｓｔterresｔｒial(地球上的）ｅfｆectｓtendtohappｅnwhenacｔivityisａtitsmaxiｍumandinthｅyeaｒsｆollｏwｉngｍａxｉmums．Ｈowevｅr,laｒgeｄisturbaｎcｅscanhappenatanypaｒtoftｈeｃycｌｅ.Inaddｉtion，theｏｃｃurreｎｃeｏfaｕrorasｓｔilｌｄepｅｎdsｏntｈeｌatitｕdeoftheoｂｓerveｒ.ThｅAｕroｒａLｉghtｓforｍanovaｌbａｎdａroundtｈｅmagneticpｏｌeｓoftheearｔh。Aｔadｉstanceabout２50０kmfrｏmtheｓepoles，theｐrobａｂiｌityfｏrseｅiｎｇaｕroｒａsｉsalmosｔ１0０％。ＴheNorthernLighｔｓhaveｓeveralcolourfuｌｖａriatiｏｎs(变差).Thecomｂiｎatｉonofyelloｗs,pｉｎksａndgｒeeｎsａrecｒeatedbｙｏxygenmoｌeｃuleｓｔｈaｔaｒefouｎｄ６0milesaboｖｅthｅｅarth’satmospheｒe，whilsttheblueanｄｔｈecombinationｏfblｕeanｄpurpleisｐroｄｕcedbynitrｏgen,andtheraｒestoｆaｌlａｕrｏras,theｒｅd，isａpｒoｄuctｏfhigh-altitudｅoxygenfounｄ200milesaboｖeＥarｔh'satｍoｓｐhere.Ｏｎeoftｈemｏsｔｗｏndrouｓ(奇妙的）featuresｏftｈeauroｒａｉsｉtssｐectaｃularmoｖemｅnt,asｉtｓwｉrls(弯曲盘旋)rapidlyoveｒtｈewｈｏlesky．Thisphｅnｏmenｏniｓcalｌedthｅauｒoralｓubsｔoｒm(磁层亚暴）．Tｈeｍovemenｔiscausedbychanｇesｉnboththｅeleｃtrｉｃanｄmａgneticfielｄｓｉnthespacｅａroundtheeartｈ．Chａngesinthefieldsａｒｅｃausedbysoｌareruptionｓcａlｌedsｏlarflａrｅs。Wearesｔillｆarｆromundｅrstandinｇtｈechainofｐrｏcessesthatlｅａｄｔotｈeauｒorａlsuｂstorｍ。Tｈepreｄictiｏnofｔｈeoｃcｕｒｒenｃeｏfａuｒoraｓisｄifficultbuｔwｅｄohavｅsomｅsuccｅss.TheｒearｅtwokindsoｆＮoｒthernLightsｐｒｅdiction：sｔａtisｔｉcaｌandreal-timeones．ThefｏrmｅrｉｓbaｓedonａｌａrｇeamｏuntofobservatioｎsoｆＮoｒtherｎLiｇhtｓatｄｉfｆerｅntlatitudesdｕｒingsｅｖeraｌyeaｒs。FroｍtheｓestaｔｉｓtiｃswecansaｙwhａｔisthepｒobabiｌityofｔhｅocｃurｒｅｎceofNoｒthernＬigｈtsdｕｒｉnｇｔｈecourseoｆyｅar.Aｃcoｒdingtｏtｈestaｔｉsticscoｍpiled（搜集)bytheFinnisｈMeｔｅoroｌogiｃａl（气象的)Inｓtiｔute,fournightsｏuｔoｆｆｉveareｉllｕminated(照亮)byNoｒtherｎＬigｈtsｉnNorthｅrｎLａpland,prｏｖidiｎgｔhattheskyｉsfreeenｏughfrｏmcｌｏudｓ。OnthｅcｏastoftｈeＡｒcticＯceａｎｉnＮorthＮorwayonecａnseｅNortｈernLigｈtｓaｌmoｓｔeｖerｙnight。EｖｅniｎＳoｕtｈFinｌand，sayＨeｌsinkｉ,onecaｎseeｔhembｕtmucｈｍorｅselｄom;inHelsiｎkiThｅlaｔteｒprｅｄictｉonｉsｂａsedonaspace—weａthｅrｍonitｏｒinｇsｙstemeiｔhｅrbygrｏuｎｄ-basｅddevicesoｒｓatelliｔesｗaｔchｉngthｅspaｃe-weatherｃonditｉonsaｒoundｔｈeeaｒｔｈ．Ｗhｅnｔｈemonｉtoringdevicｅs,sucｈaｓmagneｔoｍｅtｅｒs(地磁仪）orparticｌedetecｔors（检波器)inasatellite,ｓhoｗcｅrｔainｄｅvｉatioｎs(偏差）ｆromtｈｅnorｍalsituation,onecanexpectｔhataspａceweathｅrstormiｓapｐｒ