动词不定式的使用

动词不定式的使用动词不定式的使用动词不定式的使用V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考动词不定式的使用日期：20xx年X月动词不定式的使用姓名班级2014/9/3判断下列不定式在句子中充当哪些成分TodolikethatisfoolishIwanttoseeyouIamtovisityouHehaslotsofworktodoIstudyhardtoimproveEnglish.Theteacheraskmetoanswerthequestion.做主语学习外语真的很重要。做一名医生是我的梦想总结：动词不定式短语作_______时，谓语动词用________且常用it作形式主语。动词不定式和不定式短语做主语时，常用it做形式主语，其句型结构为：Itis+形容词或名词（或词组）+不定式短语…这时的形容词常为easy,difficult,hard,good,useful,wrong,right,necessary,impossible,important等。名词或词组常为afact,agreatday,agreatthing,apity等。It’sdangerous________you_________________(交朋友）ontheInternet.It’ssilly________you_______________(吵架）withyourbestfriendaboutatinything.做宾语1.Fred没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作2.他答应不告述任何人这事总结：动词不定式短语作_______时,前面所接的动词常有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer.PollyismakinganapologytoDolly,andhetries_________(comfort)her.Atfirst,Pollypretends________(be)quiteannoyed,butatlast,Dollydecides_____________(forgive)him.Theypromise_________________________(不再争吵）。Ifinditinterestingtoworkwithhim.如果带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。类似动词有()等▲(构成"主语+V.+it+宾补+todosth."的形式)我认为学英语很难。她觉得背叛我很内疚。作表语1.我的任务是去完成作业。2.眼见为实。总结：动词不定式短语作_______时,放在系动词后面，常常表示将要做某事的意思。主语中通常包含名词：job,duty,task,dream,hope,plan,purpose,aim,goal…作定语1.你有什么要说的吗是第一个知道这真相的人总结：动词不定式放在所修饰的名词或代词后作定语成分，与所修饰名词有如下关系:A）不定式动词与句子宾语是动宾关系;B）不定式说明所修饰名词的内容;C）被修饰名/代词词是不定式的逻辑主语Task:判断以下关系Hehasmadeaplantogetmarriedwithin6years.Hewishestofindacomfortableplacetolive.Everyonehastherighttopursuehappiness.Hehopestofindabeautifulandtalentedladytomarry.JayChoumaybeisthefirstpersontocombinetraditionalmusicwithmodernmusic.1.I'vegotsomething__________you.A.tellB.totellC.telling D.fortelling2.You’reluckyenoughtohaveacomfortableroom___________.A.liveBtoliveC.toliveinD.livingin3.I’vefoundapleasantplace___________.A.toliveB.toliveinC.livingD.livingin4.Heexpressedhiswish_________teacher.AtobecomeaBbecomingC.turningD.toturna注1:不定式做定语时，表示未做。Ihaveaveryimportantmeetingtoattendtomorrow.注2:动词不定式作定语时可放在一些名词的后面。attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,effort,failure,intention,needandopportunity.注3：当名词被序数词修饰时，用不定式作定语他是第一个起床的人注4：作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后须有相应的介词。1.他正找一间房子住。2.没有什么担心的。3.请给我一把切物的刀。Hehasnothing____________(担心).Heisalittleseriousbuteasy_____________________________(相处).Everyonehasawishtoownbestfriends_____________(依靠）whenintrouble.Iwanttofindacomfortablechair__________(坐）作状语Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Iamhappytohearthenews.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.1Shewastoofattobecomeamodel.2Shewasluckyenoughtobecomeasupermodel.3Herfamilieswereexcitedtowitnesshersuccess.4Torealizeherdream,shewasdeterminedtoloseweightregardlessofothers’mocking(嘲笑).Onceshepickeduphercouragetoapplytoamodelcompany,onlytoberefused.Tellthesentencestrueorfalse.Toearnmoney,heworksveryhard.()Toearnmoney,everymeanshasbeentried.()HehurriedtoAmerica,tohopetofindajobthere.()Howpleasedtheywerehearingthenews..()Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.()总结：动词不定式可以做成分，A）表示目的状语，常放在句首，用逗号隔开，放在句中，不用逗号隔开；B）表示原因状语，放在情感心理的形容词后，bepleased/happy/angrytodo;C）表示结果状语，（only)todo,意思“结果却”；D)在带有enough或too的句子里，不定式表示程度。作宾补1.她叫我呆在这儿2.请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。总结：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可，常跟这种复合结构的动词有：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite.Whenthecouplefirstgotmarried,they__________________(相处很好）。Theladywishedherhusband____________(love)herforever,butwhentheirfirstbabywasborn,theyoften_________(争吵）aboutthebaby.Theladygotangry,andsheorderedherhusband__________________(向她道歉)inpublic.Themandidsoandbeggedher______________（原谅他）.adviserencouraged_________summercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake’dliketogetsomeone___________difficulties.tohelpmeovercomeBhelpmetoovercomehelpingmeovercomeD.helpsmetoovercomeⅠBareinfinitive（不定式符号to的省略）我听到他在唱流行歌曲我看到他们踢足球了他让我擦玻璃A.有些动词后面的不定式不带to，“6321”lookat,see,watch,notice,observe,find（六看）.make,have,let（三让）hear,listento（二听）feel（一感）主动省“to”，被动加“to”IoftenhearhimsingthesongWehadnothingtodobut/exceptwait.WhatIwanttodoisfindsomebooks.B①介词but，except,表示“除了”后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do，不定式省to。②当主语部分有行为动词do，不定式做表语省to。“前有do，后省to”她无事可做只有哭我别无选择只有走youliketogoshoppingorwatchfilms.decidetoworkratherthanplay.toldmetolistencarefullyandworkhardC.两个或两个以上的不定式由连词and，or，but，ratherthan连接时，第二个不定式符号to开始，往往省略。Ⅱ不定式后动词的省略A:WouldyouliketocometomypartyB:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to后面的动词，只保留不定式符号to。动词不定式省略to的情况归纳*1当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，如动词是make,let,have或lookat,see,watch,observe,hear,listento,feel、等，不定式不带to.*2.在下列结构后hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrather…than,cannotbut（不得不，必然，不能不）,can’thelpbut等*3.whynot…表建议*4.在介词but,except之后，如果其前有实义动词do的某种形式，不定式不带to,反之须带to.Ⅲ疑问词+todo动词不定式还可以和what,where,how,when,which等连接代词（副词）连用，在句中做主语,宾语和表语，宾补。如：1.如何处理垃圾是个问题。______________________isaproblem.couldn’tdecide________________.(买哪一个)Ⅳ不定式的时态和语态时态/语态主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendoneissaidtogotoBeijing.2.Heissaidtobestudyingabroad.3.Heissaidtohavestudiedabroadfor2years.Tobedoing所表示的动作正在进行。Tohavedone表示动作已经发生（发生在谓语动词之前）1.—Andyworkshard.---sohedoes,heisoftenseen_____afterwork.A.playingB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying’mthirsty.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomething_____.A.drunkB.todrinkC.tobedrunkD.drinkingyouplantogotoBeijing---Yes,Iplan___.A.\BtoC.soD.thatgaveussomeadviceonhow____English.A.improvingB.improvedC.toimproveD.improvegetagoodmark,______.A.alotofpracticeisneededB.itneedspracticeC.practiceisinneedofD.youneedalotofpracticetolduswhether_____apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.(09四川卷)AtohaveB.havingD.hadIsmokeheredon’tallow___here.A.peoplesmokingsmokeC.peoplesmokeDsmokingbuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone______firstisthelibrary.（2010重庆卷）Arepaired B.beingrepairedC.repairing D.toberepairedexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if___regularly,canimproveourhealth.(2010浙江卷)A．beingcarriedoutoutC．carriedoutD．tocarryout5.Ihadgreatdifficultythesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.（2010上海）A.findB.foundC.tofindD.findingistheonlywaywecanimaginetheoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.(2010上海卷)B.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce7.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting______.（10江西卷）AtodiscoverBtobediscoveredCdiscoveredDbeingdiscoveredwereastonishedthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.（2010辽宁卷）AfindingB.tofindC.findbefound9.Alexandertriedtogethiswork____inthemedicalcircles.(2010辽宁卷)A.torecognizeB.recognizingC.recognizeD.recognized10.Hisfirstbooknextmonthisbasedonatruestory.（10陕西）A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier________itmoredifficult.(MET99)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.(MET2000)A.ExpectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouplesbutitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.(MET2001)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen4.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_____thefirstcomputer.(MET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented5.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_______tocarryallthewayhome.(MET2003)A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.(MET95)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto7.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.(MET92)A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.takingarefivepairs___,butI'matalosswhichtobuy.(1999上海高考)

A.tobechosen

B.tochoosefrom

C.tochoose

D.forchoosing

intheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001年北京春季高考)

A.Tosleep

B.Sleeping

C.Sleep

D.Havingsleepalotofdifficultproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(2002年上海春季高考)A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledwilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole___inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(2003上海春季高考)A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplayingordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystateruncompaniesaretrying___theirproductsmorecompetitive.(2002上海春季高考)A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmadeteacheraskedus___somuchnoise.(2003北京春季高考)'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomakeVerb-ingformasanounStudyaimsformasanoun2.PracticeGuide1:readpoint1ofVerb-ingformasanoun;Whatcanverb-ingformbeusedinasentence看看“swimming”在句中的作用.1.Swimmingisgoodforyourhealth.2.Myfavoritesportisswimming.3.Iloveswimmingintheseaduringthesummer.4.Ikeepfitbyswimmingeveryday.Guide2:readthroughpoint2-3andfillintheblanksbelow.1.Idislike___(see)ourteamlose.2.Myfatherisconsidering____(buy)acar.3.Doyoumind____(open)thewindowforme4.Youshouldavoid___(walk)alongthisroadforitisbeingrepairednow.5.Headmitted___(have)seenthekeysbeforeexams.6.Thatoldladykept___(talk).7.Canyouimagine___(go)skatinginsuchacoldday8.Icannothelp___(wonder)whyshedoesnotlikeme.9.Ilookforwardto___(shop)withyouthisweekend.10.Sarahfeltlike___(cry)whensheknewshewasbetrayedbyherfriend.11.Icannotstand___(see)peopletalkingwiththeirmouthsfull.12.Leadershavetoputoff____(hold)aconferenceofpeacetalkduetotheattackofterrorists.13.Ourteacherkepton___(repeat)therules.BothVerb-ingformsandtoinfinitivescanbeusedafterverbslikecontinue,prefer,begin,hate,like,start,love…PairworkFindoutthedifferencesbetweenverb-ingformandtoinfinitiveswhenafterforget,regret,remember,mean,tryforgottoclosethedoorwhenheleft.’llneverforgetwinningmyfirstgoldmedal.3.Iregrettoinformyouthattheflighthasbeencancelled.4.Iregrettedtellinghimabouttheaccident.Practice1coulddonothingbut____tohisteacherthathewaswrong．A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmit2.—Iusuallygotherebytrain.—Whynot_____byboatforachangeA.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing3.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade_____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning4.Janewasmade_____thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towash B.washing C.wash D.tobewashingPractice21.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It2.Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It’stimeforusto____ourstudies.getdowntoB.getoutC.getbackforD.getover3.Thechairmanthought____necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A.ThatB.itC.thisD.him4.LastsummerItookacourseon_____.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemade