2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号50

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Whenyoutakemedicine,becarefulnotto（

）thatamountprintedonthebottle.

问题1选项

A.surpass

B.substitute

C.exceed

D.overcome

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。surpass“超过，优于”；substitute“代用品，替代者”；exceed“超过”；overcome“克服（困难）”。句意：吃药的时候注意不要超过瓶子上写的剂量。答案C

2.单选题

Whyinanageoftechnology,shouldsomanypeoplestillclingtoanancientbelief?Inpartitmustbebecauseastrology（占星术）claimstotellussomethingaboutourselves,andallofusareinterestedinourselves.Ithinkitisbecauseastrologyispresentedasifitwereasciencebyitsmodernpractitioner,andmanypeoplearemisledbythis.

Infact，astrologywasneverascience.Itwasnotahypothesisortheorydevelopedtodescribenaturalphenomena,anduntilfairlyrecenttimes,therewasnoattempttotestorverifyitspredictions.AstrologybeganapproximatelythreethousandyearsagoinBabylonia,itwasappliedtomonarchsandkingdoms,butnottoindividuals.Itspreadinthe6thcenturyBCasFarasIndia,whereitflourishestoday.TheEgyptians,meanwhile,developedtheirownkindofastrology.ButtheastrologynowpracticedinEuropeandAmericaisthatdevelopedbytheGreeks,whosynthesizedtheideasofBabyloniansandEgyptiansandenrichedthemwithconceptsfromtheirownfertileimaginations.TheGreeksbelievedthattheearthwascomposedoffourelements,andtheheavensofaperfectcrystallinematerial.Theplanetsthemselveswerevariouslythoughttobegods,residencesofgods,oratleastmanifestationsofgods.Thegodswereimmortal,butotherwisehadthesameattributesofanger,happiness,jealousy,rageandpleasureaswedo.Nowifwhatthegods'thoughtwascapricious（变化无常的），atleasttheplanetswerepredictableintheirmovements.Becauseourownlotinlifeissounpredictable,itmustbepurelyatthemercyofgods.Butifthegodsaretheplanets,orsomehowassociatedwiththem,thenwehaveonlytolearntherulesofthemotionsoftheplanetstounderstandthewhimsofthegodsandhowtheyshapeourownlives.Sothebeliefdevelopedthateachofourlivesispreordainedbythepreciseconfigurationoftheplanetsintheskyatthetimeofourbirth.

Astrologycouldnot,ofcourse,haveseemedasincredibletotheancientsasitdoestous.Theroleofthesuninfluencingourdailyandyearlylivesisobvious;itwasanaturalextensiontoattributeotherpowerstotheotherplanetsaswell.Itwasn'tuntilthetimeofNewtonthatweunderstoodthatthelawsofNatureapplytothecelestialworldsaswellastotheterrestrialone.Duringantiquity,however,allgreatscholarsbelievedinastrology.

1.Manypeoplearemisledbyastrologybecauseitispresentedbythepractitionersas（

）.

2.Itisimpliedthatastrologyisbasedonthebeliefthat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthescholarsbeforethetimeofNewton?

4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

问题1选项

A.atheorythatcandescribenaturalphenomena

B.amagicalkeytounderstandthemselves

C.anancientbeliefthathadlongbeenappliedtomonarchs

D.amysteriouspowerbeyondtheexplanationofscience

问题2选项

A.thegods’intentionswerehardtopredict

B.thefateofourliveswereunpredictable

C.thegodsarecloselyrelatedtotheplanets

D.thegodshavethesameattributesaswedo

问题3选项

A.Someofthemwereconvincedbyastrology.

B.Theydidn'tknowthelawsofNatureapplytoallplanets.

C.Theyplayedimportantrolesinthedevelopmentofastrology.

D.Mostofthemfoundastrologyincredible

问题4选项

A.Tocastdoubtontheoriginofastrology

B.Tocompareastrologywithrealsciences.

C.Topointoutthepopularityofastrology.

D.Tojustifytheincredibilityofastrology.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由第一段“Ithinkitisbecauseastrologyispresentedasifitwereasciencebyitsmodernpractitioner,andmanypeoplearemisledbythis.这是因为占星术被它的现代实践者描述为一门科学，许多人被它误导了。”据此可知A项正确。答案A

第2题:推理判断题。TheGreeksbelievedthattheearthwascomposedoffourelements,andtheheavensofaperfectcrystallinematerial.Theplanetsthemselveswerevariouslythoughttobegods,residencesofgods,oratleastmanifestationsofgods.希腊人相信地球是由四种元素组成的，而天堂是由完美的水晶物质构成的。行星本身被以各种方式认为是神，神的住所，或者至少是神的显现。据此可知C项“神被认为与行星密切相关”正确。答案C'

第3题:细节事实题。由文章末尾“Itwasn’tuntilthetimeofNewtonthatweunderstoodthatthelawsofNatureapplytothecelestialworldsaswellastotheterrestrialone.Duringantiquity,however,allgreatscholarsbelievedinastrology.直到牛顿时代，我们才明白自然法则不仅适用于地球，也适用于天体。然而，在古代，所有伟大的学者都相信占星术。”可知古代学者并不知道自然法则适用于所有行星。B项正确。

第4题:主旨大意题。由第一段“Ithinkitisbecauseastrologyispresentedasifitwereasciencebyitsmodernpractitioner,andmanypeoplearemisledbythis.我认为这是因为占星术被现代的从业者描述成一门科学，很多人被误导了。”及第二段“Infact，astrologywasneverascience.事实上，占星术从来都不是一门科学。”可知作者认为占星术并非科学，不可信。答案D。本文主要是为了说明占星术不是科学，并未将占星术与真正的科学进行对比，故B项不对。文中对于占星术发展来源的叙述只是为了表明占星术是一种迷信，并不是本文的写作目的，故A项不对。C项“指出占星术很受欢迎”并不是本文的写作目的。

3.单选题

PerhapsallcriminalsshouldberequiredtocarrycardswhichreadFragile:“HandlewithCare.’，Itwillneverdo,thesedays,togoaroundreferringtocriminalasviolentthugs.Youmustrefertothempolitelyas“socialmisfits”（不能适应社会的人）.Theprofessionalkillerwhowouldn’tthinktwiceaboutusinghiscluborknifetobattersomeharmlessoldladytodeathinordertorobherofhermeagerlifesavingsmustneverbegivenadoseofhisownmedicine.Heisinneedof“hospitaltreatment.’’Accordingtohismisguideddefenders,societyistoblame.Awickedsocietybreedsevil-orsotheargumentgoes.Whenyoulistentothiskindoftalk,itmakesyouwonderwhywearen'tallcriminals.Wehavedoneawaywiththeabsurdlyharshlawsofthenineteenthcenturyandthisisonlyright.Butsurelyenoughisenough.ThemostsenselesspieceofcriminallegislationinBritainandanumberofothercountrieshasbeenthesuspensionofcapitalpunishment.

Theviolentcriminalhasbecomeakindofhero-figureinourtime.Heisglorifiedonthescreen;heispursuedbythepressandpaidvastsumofmoneyforhismemories."Newspaperswhichspecializeincrimereportingenjoyenormouscirculationsandthepublishersoftrashycopsandrobbersstoriesor"murdermysterieshaveneverhaditsogood.Whenyoureadabouttheachievementsofthegreattrainrobbers,itmakesyouwonderwhetheryouarereadingaboutsomegloriousresistancemovement.Thehardenedcriminaliscuddledandcossetedbythesociologistsontheonehandandadoredasaherobythemassesontheother.It'snowonderheisaprivilegedpersonwhoexpectsandreceivesVIPtreatmentwhereverhegoes.

Capitalpunishmentusedtobeamajordeterrent.Itmadetheviolentrobberthinktwicebeforepullingthetrigger.Itgavethecoldbloodedpoisonersomethingtoponderaboutwhilehewasshakinguporservinghisarseniccocktail.Itpreventedunarmedpolicemenfrombeingkilledwhilepursuingtheirdutybykillersarmedwithautomaticweapons.Aboveall,itprotectedthemostvulnerablemembersofsociety,youngchildren,frombrutalviolence.Itishorrifyingtothinkthatthecriminalcanliterallygetawaywithmurder.Weallknowthat"Iifesentence"doesnotmeanwhatitsays.Aftertenyearsorsoofgoodconduct,themostdesperatevillainisfreetoreturntosocietywherehewillliveverycomfortably,thankyou,ontheproceedsofhiscrime,orhewillgooncommittingoffencesuntilheiscaughtagain.Peoplearealwayswillingtoholdliberalviewsattheexpenseofothers.It’salwaysfashionabletoposeasthedefenderoftheunder-dog,solongasyou,personally,remainunaffected.Didthedefendersofcrime,onewonders,intheirdesireforfairplay,consultthevictimsbeforethesuspendedcapitalpunishment?Hardly,yousee;theycouldn’t,becauseallthevictimsweredead.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistheauthor'sopinion?

2.Thetonetakenbytheauthortowardsthesedefendersofcrimeinthepassageis（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Allcriminalsshouldberequiredtocarrycardsread:“Fragile:HandlewithCare”

B.Capitalpunishmentistheonlywaytodetercriminals

C.Societyistoblame

D.Allcriminalsneedhospitaltreatment.

问题2选项

A.ironical

B.critical

C.agitated

D.controversial

问题3选项

A.Therehasbeenamarkedtrendinsocietytowardsthehumanetreatmentoflessfortunatemembers.

B.Everyoneinsocietythinksitreasonablethatallcriminalsshouldbepunished.

C.Theauthorsympathizeswithallcriminals.

D.Robbersusuallythinktwicebeforeshooting.

问题4选项

A.Professionalkillersshouldnotbetreatedwithhumanetreatment

B.Theviolentrobbersshouldthinktwicebeforepullingthetrigger.

C.Weshouldgivethepoisonertimetoponderaboutwhileheisshakinguporservinghisarseniccocktail.

D.Severepunishment,evendeathpenalty,shouldbegiventocriminals.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。纵观全文以及第一段末句“ThemostsenselesspieceofcriminallegislationinBritainandanumberofothercountrieshasbeenthesuspensionofcapitalpunishment.英国和其他一些国家最愚蠢的刑事立法就是暂停死刑。”可知作者对暂停死刑这种做法是不认同的。答案B

第2题:观点态度题。由题干关键词“defendersofcrime”定位到第一段“Accordingtohismisguideddefenders,societyistoblame.Awickedsocietybreedsevil-orsotheargumentgoes.按照他那些被误导的辩护者的说法，社会是罪魁祸首。一个邪恶的社会孕育着邪恶。”以及文章末句“Didthedefendersofcrime,onewonders,intheirdesireforfairplay,consultthevictimsbeforethesuspendedcapitalpunishment?Hardly,yousee;theycouldn’t,becauseallthevictimsweredead.人们不禁要问，犯罪的辩护人是否出于对公平竞争的渴望，在暂缓执行死刑之前会咨询受害者的意见?不，你看到；他们不能，因为所有的受害者都死了。”可知作者对这些罪犯的辩护律师是讽刺的态度。答案A

第3题:细节事实题。由第一段“Itwillneverdo,thesedays,togoaroundreferringtocriminalasviolentthugs.Youmustrefertothempolitelyas“socialmisfits”.现在，把罪犯称为暴力暴徒是绝对不可能的。你必须礼貌地称他们为“不适应社会的人”。以及“It’salwaysfashionabletoposeasthedefenderoftheunder-dog,solongasyou,personally,remainunaffected.只要你个人不受影响，摆出弱者的姿态总是很时尚的。”可知人们对于弱者或不幸的人通常采取宽容的态度。故A项正确，B项表述错误。C项“作者同情所有罪犯”与原文中作者的态度不符，文中作者认为废除死刑是很愚蠢的事情，所以作者不会同情所有的罪犯。D项“抢劫犯在开枪之前会三思”是建立在“死刑的威慑作用下”。故D项表述绝对。答案A

第4题:推理判断题。通读全文可知D项正确，死刑才是震慑罪犯的唯一手段。答案D

4.单选题

Theactualprocessbywhichcoalisextractediswell（

）,ifyougetthechanceandarewillingtotakethetrouble.

问题1选项

A.worthwatching

B.worthtobewatched

C.worthywatching

D.worthytobewatched

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。worth“值得的”；beworthdoing“值得做”；worthy“值得的，有价值的”。句意：如果有机会而且你也不怕费事，采煤的实际过程还是很值得一看的。根据句意及搭配可知A项正确，答案A

5.单选题

Everyonehasamomentinhistory,whichbelongsparticularlytohim.Itisthemomentwhenhisemotionsachievetheirmostpowerfulswayoverhim.andafterwardwhenyousaytothisperson“theworldtoday”or“life”or“reality”，hewillassumethatyoumeanthismoment,evenifitisfiftyyearspast.Theworld,throughhisunleashedemotions,imprinteditselfuponhim,andhecarriesthestampofthatpassingmomentforever.

Forme,thismoment—fouryearsinamomentinhistory一wasthewar.Thewarwasandisrealityforme,Istillinstinctivelyliveandthinkinitsatmosphere.Thesearesomeofitscharacteristics:FranklinDelanoRooseveltisthepresidentoftheUnitedStates,andhealwayshasbeen.TheothertwoeternalworldleadersareWinstonChurchillandJosephStalin.Americaisnot,neverhasbeen,andneverwillbewhatthesongandpoemscallit,alandofplenty.

Nylon,meat,gasoline,andsteelarerare.Therearetoomanyjobsandnotenoughworkers.Moneyisveryeasytoearnbutratherhardtospend,becausethereisn'tverymuchtobuy.Trainsarealwayslateandalwayscrowdedwith“servicemen".ThewarwillalwaysbefoughtveryfarfromAmerica,anditwillneverend.NothinginAmericastandsstillforverylong,includingthepeoplewhoarealwayseitherleavingoronleave.PeopleinAmericacryoften.Sixteenisthekeyandcrucialandnaturalageforahumanbeingtobe,andpeopleofallotheragesarerangedinanorderlymanneraheadofandbehindyouasaharmonioussettingforthesixteen-year-oldsoftheworld.Whenyouaresixteen,adultsareslightlyimpressedandalmostintimidatedbyyou.Thisisapuzzlefinallysolvedbytherealizationthattheyforeseeyourmilitaryfuture:fightingforthem.Youdonotforeseeit.TowasteanythinginAmericaisimmoral.Stringandtinfoilaretreasures,Newspapersarealwayscrowedwithstrangemapsandnamesoftowns,andeveryfewmonthstheearthseemstolurchfromitspathwhenyouseesomethinginthenewspapers,suchasthetimeMussolini,whoalmostseemedoneoftheeternalleaders,isphotographedhangingupsidedownonameathook.

1.Whichstatementbestdepictsthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

2.Theauthorstillclearlyremembersthewarbecause（

）.

3.Whichstatementbestdescribestheauthor'sfeelingsaboutthewar?

4.Theauthorthinksthatadultsareimpressedwithsixteen-year-oldsbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.Realityiswhatyoumakeofit.

B.Timeislikeariver.

C.Emotionsarepowerful.

D.Everypersonhasaspecialmoment.

问题2选项

A.FranklinDelanoRooseveltwasPresident.

B.itwashispersonalrealityandpartofhislife.

C.therewasnotmuchtobuy

D.thewarwouldneverend.

问题3选项

A.Itwaseverrealforhim,yethewasnotactivelyinvolved.

B.Itwasrealforhimbecausehewasasoldieratthattime.

C.Itwasveryunrealtohim.

D.Thewarwasverydisruptivetothepeopleathome.

问题4选项

A.adultswouldliketobeyoung

B.sixteen-year-oldsdonotwastethings

C.sixteen-year-oldsreadnewspapers

D.theywillbefightingsoonforadults.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由第一段第一句“Everyonehasamomentinhistory,whichbelongsparticularlytohim.每个人都有属于自己的历史时刻。”后文提到了一场战争，因为在该战争中有属于作者的历史时刻。答案D

第2题:细节事实题。由第二段“Forme,thismoment—fouryearsinamomentinhistory—wasthewar.Thewarwasandisrealityforme,Istillinstinctivelyliveandthinkinitsatmosphere.对我来说，四年的历史时刻是战争。对我来说，战争过去和现在都是现实，我仍然本能地在战争的氛围中生活和思考。”可知B项“战争对作者来说是个人经历也是生活的一部分”正确，答案B。

第3题:判断推理题。根据第二段第二句“Thewarwasandisrealityforme,Istillinstinctivelyliveandthinkinitsatmosphere.对于我来说，战争过去和现在都是真实的，我仍然本能地想起和生活在那种环境里。”A项“战争对于作者来说是真实的，尽管他没有积极投身战争中。”符合题意。答案A

第4题:细节事实题。由第三段“Whenyouaresixteen,adultsareslightlyimpressedandalmostintimidatedbyyou.Thisisapuzzlefinallysolvedbytherealizationthattheyforeseeyourmilitaryfuture:fightingforthem.当你16岁时，成年人会对你有轻微的印象，甚至会被你吓倒。他们预见到你们的军事未来，最终解决了这个难题：为他们而战。”可知成年人对16岁的孩子有印象是因为他们期待16岁的人能够为他们而战。故D项正确。答案D

6.单选题

Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid—thewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenformorethanwords.

Wedon'talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon'tmeananythingexcept“I'mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon'treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI'msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI'mfeeling."Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner."ThisstephastobefixedbeforeI'llbuy."Theownersays,"It'sbeenlikethatforyears."Actually,thestephasn'tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:"Idon'twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan'tyou?"Thesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedbyexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid.

Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheoiliercouplealwaysarguesafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afriend'sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,apersonwhosays"No”toaserialsofchargeslike“You'redumb.”“You'relazy,”and“You'redishonest,”mayalsosay“No”andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementis“Andyou'regoodlooking.”

Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,“Ifsurehasbeen

nicetohaveyouover,”canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthelessimportanceitassumes.

1.“I'mlettingoffsomesteam”inparagraph2means（

）.

2.Effectivecommunicationisrenderedpossiblebetweentwoconversingpartners,if

（

）.

3.Thehouse-owner'sexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans

（

）.

4.Theword"ritualistically"inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone（

）.

问题1选项

A.I'mjustcallingyourattention.

B.I'mjustkidding.

C.I'mjustsayingtheopposite.

D.I'mjustgivingoffsomesound.

问题2选项

A.theyuseproperwordstocarrytheirideas

B.theybothspeaktrulyoftheirownfeelings

C.theytrytounderstandeachother'sideasbeyondwords

D.theyarecapableofassociatingmeaningwiththeirwords

问题3选项

A.thestephasbeenlikethatforyears.

B.hedoesn'tthinkitnecessarytofixthestep.

C.theconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfault.

D.thecostinvolvedinthefixingshouldbeshared.

问题4选项

A.withouttrueintention

B.light-heartedly

C.inawayofceremony

D.withlessemphasis

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由“Wedon’talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexceptI’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.我们并不总是言出必行。有时候我们说的话没有任何意义，只是在发泄。我真的不希望你仔细听我说的话。但是请注意我的感受。”可知B项“我在开玩笑”正确。答案B。

第2题:细节事实题。由第一段中的“Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.词汇确实给我们提供了一些信息，但它的意义来自于如此多的其他来源，以至于过多依赖言语会阻碍我们与他人交流的有效性。”可知D项正确，不能太依赖字面意思，而是要根据具体语境去联想，这样才能增加交流的有效性。答案D

第3题:细节事实题。由“Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:‘Idon’twanttofixit…’事实上，这个台阶已经很多年来不是这样的，但其中隐含的信息是：‘我不想把它修好……’”对应可知B项正确。

第4题:词义题。此题可以根据排除法来做。由“withemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.”可知这句话“如果你能来那真是太好了”可以用强调、兴奋或仪式性的语气说出来。可先排除B、D项，A项“没有真正的意图”也不符合。所以ritualistically意为仪式地。答案Ctically只可能与C项意思接近，答案C

7.单选题

Thoughshewasnotaprofessionalwriter,shebecamean（

）memberoftheWriter’sAssociation.

问题1选项

A.honour

B.honourable

C.honoured

D.honorary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词辨析。honour“荣誉”；honourable“诚实的，正直的”；honoured“荣幸的”；honorary“名誉的”。句意：尽管她不是职业作家，她还是成为了作协的名誉会员。D项符合题意，答案D

8.单选题

Thetwoscientistsworkingindependentlymadethesameinvention（

）whichmadeitdifficultforthegovernmenttodecidewhomthepatentistobegrantedto.

问题1选项

A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously

C.collaboratively

D.elaborately

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。spontaneously“自发地，不由自主地”；simultaneously“同时地”；collaboratively“合作地”；elaborately“精巧地，苦心经营地”。句意：两个独立工作的科学家几乎同时发明了相同的东西，这让政府部门很难决定将专利权授予谁。由后半句句意可知只有B项符合句意，即只有这两个独立工作的科学家同时发明了相同的东西时，政府才会难以抉择。答案B

9.单选题

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoulthequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking'sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking'sbiographynotforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkinthepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBiblearethisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe"authentic"one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis"authorized"bythesubject:thispresumablyallowsbiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation."Unauthorized"biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,he"unauthorized"characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress,Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral"authentic"ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthe"story"ofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubjects,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause

（

）.

4.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

问题1选项

A.biographiescanservedifferentpurposes

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects'lives

C.thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfigures

D.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

问题2选项

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.

C.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

D.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

问题3选项

A.itportraysthesubjectsbothfaithfullyandvividly

B.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders

C.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject'sprivatelife

D.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject'scharacter

问题4选项

A.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

B.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiography

D.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由第三段“Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.当传记的主人公是英雄或名人时，传记往往揭示出一些动机：有的动机试图表明传记的主人公和我们一样只是普通人，有的传记就是要激励我们让我们超越自己。”可知写传记有很多目的，举例也是为了表明传记可有不同的目的。答案A

第2题:细节事实题。由第一段和第二段“Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography——notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.同样，一个国王的仆人可能不是为国王写传记的最佳人选。但是一个外国人可能没有写国王传记所必需的知识和同情心——至少不是为王国的读者写的。对于这样的任务，没有理想的职位。”可知没有完美的人选来写传记，即没有人能写出完美的传记。故D项正确。ABC三项与文中内容不符。

第3题:推理判断题。由最后一段“Inbookpromotions,the‘unauthorized’characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.在图书促销活动中，‘未经授权’的描述通常会让人联想到作传记对象不希望有的有趣八卦。”可知为了促销，一些“未经授权”的传记作家会在书中写一些传记对象的八卦（私生活信息）。故C项正确。

第4题:主旨大意题。由文章开头及Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthe“story”ofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubjects,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.一个主题可能有几本传记，甚至几本“真实的”传记。我们直觉地感觉到，没有人能够讲述一个生命的“故事”，也许甚至只是主题，而传记的历史已经证明了这一点。可知本文全篇都在讲述一个话题即“没有人能写出完美的传记，很难找到合适的人选来写出完美的传记”。故B项正确。

10.单选题

Themanagergaveherhis（

）thathercomplaintwouldbeinvestigated.

问题1选项

A.consent

B.conception

C.assurance

D.insurance

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。consent同意；conception概念，设想；assurance保证，担保；insurance保险。句意：经理向她保证会调查处理她的投诉的。由“hercomplaintwouldbeinvestigated.”可知此空意为“经理向她保证……”C项符合题意。答案C

11.单选题

Althoughsports（

）thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsaroutine.

问题1选项

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。overwhelm淹没，压垮；affected影响；dominate控制，在…中占主要地位；influenced影响。句意：尽管运动对家庭有决定性影响，Joe认为当体育运动扰乱了家庭传统与日常生活时，应该拒绝运动。由although可推知前后性质相反，后半句提到了“interferedwith…干扰…”是属于不利的一面，故前半句应为好的一面。故C项正确。

12.单选题

TheLondonMarathonisadifficultrace,（

）thousandsofrunnersparticipateeveryyear.

问题1选项

A.Therefore

B.Furthermore

C.Accordingly

D.Nevertheless

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。therefore“因此，所以”；furthermore“此外，而且”；accordingly“因此，于是”；nevertheless“然而”。句意：伦敦马拉松赛是一场艰难的比赛，然而每年有数千人参加。根据前后句关系可知D项正确，答案D

13.单选题

Myneighborsoneithersideofmehavepaintedtheirhouses,（

）ofcoursemakesmyhouselookshabbierthanitreallyis.

问题1选项

A.that

B.as

C.who

D.which

【答案】D

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。空格处所填单词指代前面句子的内容，即我两边邻居都给他们的房子刷了漆，也就是指这件事，故排除BC两项。再由空格前的逗号可知，次从句为非限制性定从，故用which引导。句意：我两边的邻居都给他们的房子刷了漆，这让我的房子比实际上更显得破旧。答案D

14.单选题

Thisdocumentis（

）unlessitisofficiallystamped.

问题1选项

A.invalid

B.acute

C.deliberate

D.confidential

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。invalid“无效的”；acute“严重的”；deliberate“故意的”；confidential“机密的，保密的”。句意：这份文件除非有官方盖章，否则就是无效的。由后半句unless…这个条件可知A项正确。

15.单选题

Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.Forexample,theymustmakesuretheyconstructmeasuresthataremeaningfulforeachoftheculturalorethnicminoritygroupsbeingstudies.

Inconductingresearchonculturalandethnicminorityissues,investigatorsdistinguishbetweentheemicapproachandtheeticapproach.Intheemicapproach,thegoal