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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Whatisitthatbringsaboutsuchanintimateconnectionbetweenlanguageandthinking?Istherenothinkingwithouttheuseoflanguage,namelyinconceptsandconcept-combinationsforwhichwordsneednotnecessarilycometomind?Hasnoteveryoneofusstruggledforwordsalthoughtheconnectionbetween“thing”wasalreadyclear?

Wemightbeinclinedtoattributetotheactofthinkingcompleteindependencefromlanguageiftheindividualformedorwereabletoformhisconceptswithouttheverbalguidanceofhisenvironment.Yetmostlikelythementalshapeofanindividualgrowingupundersuchconditions,wouldbeverypoor.Thuswemayconcludethatthementaldevelopmentoftheindividualandhiswayofformingconceptsdependtoahighdegreeuponlanguage.Thismakesusrealizetowhatextentthesamelanguagemeansthesamementality.Inthissensethinkingandlanguagearelinkedtogether.

Whatdistinguishesthelanguageofsciencefromlanguageasweordinarilyunderstandtheword?Howisitthatscientificlanguageisinternational?Whatsciencestrivesforisanutmostacutenessandclarityofconceptsasregardstheirmutualrelationandtheircorrespondencetosensorydata.Asanillustration,letustakethelanguageofEducationgeometryandAlgebra.Theymanipulatewithasmallnumberofindependentlyintroducedconcepts,respectivelysymbols,suchastheintegralnumber,thestraightline,thepoint,aswellaswithsignswhichdesignatethefundamentaloperations,thatistheconnectionsbetweenthosefundamentalconcepts.Thisisthebasisfortheconstructionbetweenconceptsandstatementsontheonehandandsensorydataontheotherhandisestablishedthroughactsofcountingandmeasuringwhoseperformanceissufficientlywelldetermined.

Thesuper-nationalcharacterofscientificconceptsandscientificlanguageisduetothefactthattheyhavebeensetupbythebestbrainsofallcountriesandalltimes.Insolitudeandyetincooperativeeffortasregardsthefinaleffecttheycreatedthespiritualtoolsforthetechnicalrevolutionswhichhavetransformedthelifeofmankindinthelastcenturies.Theirsystemofconceptshasservedasaguideinthebewilderingchaosofperceptionssothatwelearnedtograspgeneraltruthsfromparticularobservations.

Whathopesandfearsdoesthescientificmethodimplyformankind?Idonotthinkthatthisistherightwaytoputaquestion.Whateverthistoolinthehandofmanwillproducedependsentirelyonthegoalsaliveinthismankind.Oncethesegoalsexist,thescientificmethodfurnishesmeanstorealizethem.Yetitcannotfurnishtheverygoals.ThescientificmethoditselfwouldnothaveledanywhereitwouldnotevenhavebeenbornwithoutapassionatestrivingforclearunderstandingPerfectionsofmeansandconfusionofgoalsseem—inmyopinion—tocharacterizeourage.Ifwedesiresincerelyandpassionatelythesafety,thewelfareandthefreedevelopmentofthetalentsofallmen,weshallnotbeinwantofthemeansofapproachsuchastate.Evenifonlyasmallpartofmankindstrivesforsuchgoals,theirsuperioritywillproveitselfinthelongrun.

1.Howdoesthewriterdrawtheconclusionthatmentaldevelopmentofanindividualdependsmuchuponlanguage?

2.Accordingtothewriter,scientificlanguageis().

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthetechnicalrevolutions().

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldthewriterprobablyfavor?

5.Thewriterthinksthatthecharacteristicsofourageare().

问题1选项

A.Hestudiesstatisticsrevealedbyresearchers.

B.Hemanagedtodoitbyreasoning.

C.Hedoesitbycitingwordsfromauthorities.

D.Hemerelyassertsittobethecase.

问题2选项

A.super-national

B.limited

C.abstract

D.boring

问题3选项

A.havenospiritualtools

B.haveenlightenedthethoughtsofmankind

C.havethelittleinfluenceontheworld

D.havetransformedthelifeofmankind

问题4选项

A.Scientificmethodcanprovidemankindwithmeanstoattaingoals.

B.Scientificmethodwouldleadustodoomandchaos.

C.Scientificmethodcanonlyleadtowarfare.

D.Scientificmethodismoreimportantthanscientificlanguage.

问题5选项

A.perfectionsofmeansandconfusionofgoal

B.lackofscientificmethodandabundanceofscientificlanguage

C.perfectionsoflanguageandconfusionofthinking

D.lackofsolitudeandabundanceofcooperation

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第二段的倒数第三句Thuswemayconcludethatthementaldevelopmentoftheindividualandhiswayofformingconceptsdependtoahighdegreeuponlanguage.(因此,我们可以得出这样的结论:个体的心理发展及其形成概念的方式在很大程度上依赖于语言。)作者在做这个断言之前,并没有给出过多的解释及论述,因此D选项“他只是断言这是事实”正确。A选项“他研究研究人员揭示的统计数据”,文章中作者并没有给出相应的数据;B选项“他通过推理成功地做了这件事”,他是没有进行逻辑推理的;C选项“他通过引用权威的话来做这件事”,文章中并没有引用。

2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段第二句话Howisitthatscientificlanguageisinternational?(为什么科学语言是国际性的呢?)虽然是一个问句,但是也表明了大众是接受这个观点的,因此A选项“由多个国家组成的;超国家的”正确。B选项“有限制的”;C选项“抽象的”;D选项“无聊的”,这些都是干扰项。

3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段最后Insolitudeandyetincooperativeeffortasregardsthefinaleffecttheycreatedthespiritualtoolsforthetechnicalrevolutionswhichhavetransformedthelifeofmankindinthelastcenturies.(他们孤独而又合作地为技术革命创造了精神工具,这些技术革命在过去几个世纪里改变了人类的生活。)可以看出技术革命改变了我们的生活,因此D选项“改变了人类的生活”正确。A选项“没有精神工具”,这句话说了它们创造了精神工具,因此A错误;B选项“启蒙了人类的思想”,原文的表述没有到这个程度,属于过度推断;C选项“对世界有小小的影响”,它已经改变了人们的生活,因此不是“小小的影响”,C选项错误。

4.判断推理题。根据选项关键词定位到最后一段Oncethesegoalsexist,thescientificmethodfurnishesmeanstorealizethem.Yetitcannotfurnishtheverygoals.(一旦这些目标存在,科学方法就提供了实现这些目标的手段,但它不能提供这些目标。)也就是说只要有目标,那么科学方法就会提供实现它们的手段,因此A选项“科学方法可以为人类提供实现目标的手段”正确。B选项“科学的方法会给我们带来厄运和混乱”,不是文章的观点;C选项“科学方法只能导致战争”,不正确;D选项“科学的方法比科学的语言更重要”,这个文章并没有提到。

5.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段Perfectionsofmeansandconfusionofgoalsseem—inmyopinion—tocharacterizeourage.(在我看来,手段的完美和目标的混乱似乎是我们这个时代的特征。)因此A选项“手段的完美和目标的混乱”正确。B选项“科学方法的缺乏和科学语言的丰富”;C选项“语言能力和思维混乱”;D选项“缺乏独处和合作”,不是作者的观点。

2.翻译题

人们最初是怎样发明文字的现在依然不为人所知。换句话说,语言的起源是个谜。我们所了解的人们与动物不同,他们不知用何种方法发明了一些声音来表达思想和感情、行为和事物,以便能互相交流。后来他们在一些称作字母的符号上达成一致意见,这些字母可以合在一起代表这些声音,而且可以书写。这些声音,无论是以口头还是字母的形式出现,都称作单词。

【答案】Howdidmenfirstlearntoinventwords?Itisstillunknowntopeople;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwesupposeisthatsomeearlymeninventedcertainsounds,inonewayoranother,toexpressthoughtsandfeelings,actionsandthings,sothattheycouldcommunicatewitheachother;andthatlatertheyagreeduponcertainsigns,calledletters,whichcouldbecombinedtopresentthosesounds,andwhichcouldbewrittendown.Thosesounds,whetherspokenorwritteninletters,wecallwords.

3.单选题

Theirrefusaltocompromiseisamajor()thatstandsinthewayoffurtherpeacetalks.

问题1选项

A.obstacle

B.complication

C.entity

D.hazard

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项obstacle“障碍”;B选项complication“并发症,复杂”;C选项entity“实体,存在”;D选项hazard“危险,风险”。句意:他们拒绝妥协是进一步和谈的主要()。既然他们拒绝妥协,那么应该就是进一步发展的“障碍”,因此A选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Recently,oneofmybestfriendsJennie,withwhomIhavesharedjustabouteverythingsincethefirstdayofkindergarten,spenttheweekendwithme.SinceImovedtoanewtownseveralyearsago,wehavebothalwayslookedforwardtothefewtimesayearwhenweseeeachother.

Overtheweekend,wespenthoursandhours,stayinguplateintothenight,talkingaboutthepeopleshewashangingaroundwith.Shestartedtellingmestoriesabouthernewboyfriend,abouthowheexperimentedwithdrugsandwasintootherself-destructivebehavior.Iwasblownaway!Shetoldmehowshehadbeenlyingtoherparentsaboutwhereshewasgoingandevenstealingouttoseethisguybecausetheydidn’twantheraroundhim.NomatterhowhardItriedtotellherthatshedeservedbetter,shedidn’tbelieveme.Herself-respectseemedtohavedisappeared.

ItriedtoconvinceherthatshewasrunningherfutureandheadingforbigtroubleIfeltlikeIwasgettingnowhere.Ijustcouldn’tbelievethatshereallythoughtitwasacceptabletohangwithabunchoflosers,especiallyherboyfriend.

Bythetimesheleft,Iwasreallyworriedaboutherandexhaustedbytheexperience.IthadbeensofrustratingthatIhadcomeclosetotellingherseveraltimesduringtheweekendthatmaybewehadjustgrowntoofaraparttocontinueourfriendship,butIdidn’t.Iputthepoweroffriendshiptotheultimatetest.We’vebeenfriendsforfartoolong.IhadtohopethatshevaluedmeenoughtoknowthatIwastryingtosaveherfromhurtingherself.Iwantedtobelievethatourfriendshipcouldconqueranything.

Afewdayslater,shecalledtosaythatshehadthoughtlongandhardaboutourconversation,andthenshetoldmethatshehadbrokenupwithherboyfriend.Ijustlistenedontheotherendofthephonewithtearsofjoyrunningdownmyface.Itwasoneofthetrulyrewardingmomentsinmylife.NeverhadIbeensoproudofafriend.

1.WhatwordbestsumsupJennie’sboyfriend?

2.WhatwastheattitudeofJennie’sparentstowardsherrelationshipwithherboyfriend?

3.HowdidtheauthorreacttoJennie’srelationshipwithherboyfriend?

4.HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenJennietoldhershehadbrokenupwithherboyfriend?

5.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyinthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Aloser.

B.Adruguser

C.Atroublemaker

D.criminal

问题2选项

A.Theywereratertolerant.

B.Theydidnotallowhertocontinueit.

C.Theywereindifferenttoit.

D.Theythoughttheirdaughterdeservedabetterfriend.

问题3选项

A.ShewasveryangrywithJennieforchoosingsuchafriend.

B.ShethreatenedtobreakupwithJennieifheradvicewasignored.

C.ShewasovercomewithpridethatJennietoldheraboutherboyfriend.

D.ShetriedherbesttodissuadeJenniefromcontinuing.

问题4选项

A.Shefeltrelieved.

B.Shefeltexhausted.

C.Shefeltfrustratedandangry.

D.Shefelthappyandproud.

问题5选项

A.Drugscandestroyinnocentyoungpeople.

B.Youngpeopleshouldbecarefulinchoosingtheirfriends.

C.Parentsshouldtakegoodcareoftheirchildren.

D.Thepoweroftruefriendshipcanconqueranything.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干问:哪个单词完美总结了Jennie的男朋友?A选项“一个失败者”,定位到第二段Shestartedtellingmestoriesabouthernewboyfriend,abouthowheexperimentedwithdrugsandwasintootherself-destructivebehavior(她的男友不仅吸毒而且有其他自残的行为)。第三段作者还说Ijustcouldn’tbelievethatshereallythoughtitwasacceptabletohangwithabunchoflosers,especiallyherboyfriend.(我只是不敢相信她真的认为和一群废柴在一起是可以接受的,尤其是她的男朋友。)也就是说珍妮的男友是位失败者,A选项最佳总结了她的男朋友。B选项“一个吸毒者”,C选项“一个惹是生非的人”,D选项“一个罪犯”。

2.判断推理题。题干问:Jennie的父母是如何看待她和男友这段感情的?B选项“他们不允许她继续和他在一起”,定位到第二段Shetoldmehowshehadbeenlyingtoherparentsaboutwhereshewasgoingandevenstealingouttoseethisguybecausetheydidn’twantheraroundhim.(她一直在向父母撒谎她要去哪里,甚至偷偷溜出去见那个男人,因为他们不希望她在他身边)因此我们可以得出她的父母是不同意她和他在一起的,答案为B。A选项“他们非常宽容”,C选项“他们对这个并不关心”,D选项“他们认为他们的女儿值得更好的”。

3.事实细节题。题干问:作者对于Jennie和她男朋友的这段感情是怎么看的?D选项“她尽自己的最大努力去劝Jennie分手”,作者在第二段抱怨说NomatterhowhardItriedtotellherthatshedeservedbetter,shedidn’tbelieveme.(不管我怎么努力告诉她她值得更好的,她都不相信我)。在第三段又说Itriedtoconvinceherthatshewasruiningherfutureandheadingforbigtrouble(我试图让她相信,她正在毁掉自己的未来,惹上大麻烦),也就是说作者一直想办法劝阻珍妮不要继续和她的男友来往了,答案为D。A选项“她对于Jennie选择了一个这样的男朋友感到很生气”,B选项“她威胁说,如果珍妮不听她的劝告,她就要同珍妮绝交”,C选项“她对于Jennie告诉她自己有男朋友而感到很骄傲”。

4.事实细节题。题干问:作者对于Jennie和她男朋友分手是怎么看待的?D选项“她感到高兴并骄傲”;定位到最后一段Ijustlistenedontheotherendofthephonewithtearsofjoyrunningdownmyface.(我只是在电话的另一端听着,喜极而泣。)证明作者得知这个消息之后又开心又激动,答案为D。A选项“她感到松了一口气”,B选项“她感到精疲力竭”,C选项“她感到沮丧并且生气”。

5.归纳概括题。题干问:作者写这篇文章是为了传递什么信息呢?D选项“真挚的友谊可以战胜一切”;从全文来看,珍妮和作者有着十分深厚的友谊,她们彼此都十分信任。而珍妮最近交上一位男友,这位男友不仅吸毒而且还有其他的自残行为——这让作者十分不安,希望珍妮立刻断绝她和这位男友的来往。但一开始珍妮并没有接受她的规劝,所以作者感到十分沮丧。作者只能以她们的深厚友谊为赌注,希望珍妮能相信作者是在尽力拯救她,希望她们的友谊能帮助她们克服一切困难。最终珍妮经过长时间的痛苦的思考,终于醒悟过来,和那位男友断绝了关系,摆脱了困境,因此答案为D。A选项“毒品可以摧毁无辜的年轻人”,B选项“年轻人在挑选伴侣时应该小心”,C选项“家长应该照顾关心他们的孩子”都不能完全概括整篇文章的意义。

5.单选题

Thesurveyfound80percentofviewerswere()bytheviolentscenesinthefilm.

问题1选项

A.eliminated

B.alerted

C.offended

D.discouraged

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项eliminated“被淘汰,消除”;B选项alerted“使警觉,警告”;C选项offended“冒犯,生气”;D选项discouraged“使……灰心”。句意:调查发现,80%的观众对影片中的暴力镜头感到()。这里表达的含义是“对暴力镜头感到被冒犯(反感)”。因此C选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Peopleinnately()forsuperiorityovertheirpeersalthoughitsometimestakestheformofanexaggeratedlustforpower.

问题1选项

A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify

D.adhere

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词短语。A选项“为……奋斗,争取……”;B选项“确定,探知”;C选项“证明……是正当的”;D选项“坚持……”,句意为:人们天生()比同龄人优越,尽管有时表现为夸张的权力欲。本句表示“人们天生就想争取比同龄人优越”,因此A选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Theparentsfeltverydelightedwhentheirdaughterdecidedto()themoviesanddoherlessons.

问题1选项

A.forgive

B.forbid

C.forgo

D.foresee

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项forgive“原谅”;B选项forbid“禁止”;C选项forgo“放弃,停止”;D选项foresee“预见”。句意:当他们的女儿决定_____看电影而去做功课时,父母感到非常高兴。本句表达的意思是,女儿放弃去看电影而做功课,让父母很开心。因此C选项符合题意。

8.单选题

“Hello,Bob,Ididn’tknowyou()jogging.”“Oh,yesGeorge,I’vebeendoingitforoveramonthnow.”

问题1选项

A.wentfor

B.wentout

C.wentonwith

D.wentinfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项wentfor“去找,被认为,主张,拥护,努力获取”;B选项wentout“出去,熄灭,过时”;C选项wentonwith“继续,进行,暂时使用”;D选项wentinfor“爱好,参与,从事,追求,赞成”。句意:“你好,鲍勃,我不知道你()慢跑。”“噢,是的,乔治,我已经跑了一个多月了。”可以看出,提问的人是不知道鲍勃“爱好慢跑运动”,因此D选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Medicalstudentlearntodistinguish“acute”,whichmeanssomethingofrecentonset,form“chronic”whichmeansaconditionthatwillprobablycontinuefora()periodoftime.

问题1选项

A.gloomy

B.temporary

C.tough

D.substantial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gloomy“黑暗的,沮丧的,阴郁的”;B选项temporary“暂时的,临时的”;C选项tough“艰苦的,困难的”;D选项substantial“大量的,实质的”。句意:医科学生要学会区分“急性”(指近期发病)和“慢性”(指可能持续_____一段时间的病情)。跟前一句对比,可以推断这里表达的应该是“大量的时间(很长的一段时间)”,因此D选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Thecarpetlooksbeautifulbutcannot()thewearandtearofcontinualuse.

问题1选项

A.standupfor

B.standupto

C.standwellwith

D.standupwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项standupfor“支持,坚持”;B选项standupto“经得起,抵抗,勇敢地面对”;C选项standwellwith“得……宠信;得某人好感,好评”;D选项standupwith“给……当傧相,陪伴”。句意:地毯看起来很漂亮,但()不断使用的磨损。这个句子要表达的意思是“但是经不起不断使用的磨损”,因此B选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Weneedsomeonereally()whocanorganizetheofficeandmakeitrunsmoothly.

问题1选项

A.crucial

B.realistic

C.essential

D.efficient

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项crucial“重要的,决定性的”;B选项realistic“现实的,现实主义的”;C选项essential“基本的,必要的”;D选项efficient“有效率的,有能力的”。句意:我们需要一个真正()人,他能组织好办公室,使之顺利运作。通过句意可以看出,这个所需要的人应该是“很有效率的”,因此D选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Itisour()policythatwewillachieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans.

问题1选项

A.consistent

B.considerate

C.certain

D.decisive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项consistent“始终如一的,一致的,坚持的”;B选项considerate“体贴的,体谅的,考虑周到的”;C选项certain“某一,必然的”;D选项decisive“决定性的,果断的,坚定的”。句意:通过和平方式实现团结是我们_____政策。这里表达的是“一贯的政策”,因此A选项符合题意。

13.单选题

The()ofolderpersonsisrelativelylowindevelopingcountries,butitisgrowingmuchfasterthanintheWest.

问题1选项

A.addition

B.majority

C.percentage

D.statistic

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项addition“添加,增加物”;B选项majority“多数,成年”;C选项percentage“百分比”;D选项statistic“统计资料,统计学”。句意:发展中国家的老年人()相对较低,但其增长速度却比西方国家快得多。这里要表达的是“老年人的比例相对较低”这个意思,因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Don’tbeafraidofbees.Theydonotnormally()withoutbeingprovoked.

问题1选项

A.sing

B.bite

C.prick

D.thrust

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sing“唱歌”;B选项bite“咬”;C选项prick“戳,扎破”;D选项thrust“插,插入”。句意:不要害怕蜜蜂。如果没有挑衅,它们通常不会()人。蜜蜂是咬人,因此B选项符合题意。

15.翻译题

Americanpsychologistsholdthatthereareseveralcomponentstohavinghigh“emotionalintelligence.”Firstisself-awareness,becauseyoucanonlybeincontrolofyourlifeandyourrelationshipsifyouknowyourself.Secondisbeingabletoproperlymanageyouremotions,soyoucancontrolyourfeelingsratherthanlettingthemcontrolyou.Thirdisbeingself-motivated,andbeingabletogetthroughtoughtimesandstartover.Thefourthisbeingreceptivetootherpeople’semotions,whichiscrucialforeffectivecommunicationandhealthyrelationships.Thefifthisbeingabletomanageyourelationships,whichincludesleadershipandprofessionalmanagementskills.

【答案】美国心理学家认为,情商包括以下几个方面的内容:一是认识自己的情绪,只有认识自己,才能成为自己生活的主宰。二是能妥善管理自己的情绪,即能调控自己。三是自我激励,它能够使人走出生命中的低潮,重新出发。四是认识他人的情绪,这是与他人正常交流顺利沟通的基础。五是人际关系的管理,即领导和管理能力。

16.单选题

Theneighborsdonotconsiderhimquite()asmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.

问题1选项

A.respected

B.respective

C.respectful

D.respectable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项respected“受尊敬的”;B选项respective“分别的,各自的”;C选项respectful“恭敬的,有礼貌的”;D选项respectable“值得尊敬的,人格高尚的,相当数量的”。句意:邻居们认为他不(),因为大多数晚上他都会用醉醺醺的歌声把他们吵醒。这里表达的句意是“他不值得尊敬”,因此D选项符合题意。

17.翻译题

二十四小时的全天候时间表在改变着我们的生活方式。21世纪的办公地点无处不在。我们外出度假时会随身携带无线手机或手提电脑。有些人甚至把手机带入音乐厅或会议厅,因为在他们看来,错过一个重要的商业信息是不可弥补的过失。二十四小时的超高速的“因特网时间”使我们无法静心休息和思考。越来越多的企业行政主管开始把自己有时间睡觉作为吹牛的资本。对他们来说,地位的最大标志在于无能力按照自然的生物钟而非网络钟来工作和休息。

【答案】Round-the-clocktimetableischangingourwayoflife.The21stcenturyofficeneverleavesus.Webringourwirelesscellphonesandnotebookcomputerswhenvacationing.Therearepeoplewhobringtheircellphonesintoconcerthallsandauditoriums.Theround-the-clockhyperspeed“Internettime”won’tgiveusquiettimeforrestingandthinking.Anincreasingnumberofbusinessexecutiveshavetakentobraggingabouthowmuchsleeptheyget.Forthem,theultimatestatussymbolisthepowertolivebynature’sclockratherthantheNet’sclock.

18.写作题

Directions:Inthispart,youareexpectedtowriteacompositionentitledMyViewonJob-hoppinginnolessthan200words.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutlines:

1.有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作,因为……

2.有些人喜欢经常换工作,因为……

3.你的观点

【答案】略

19.填空题

TheUnitedStatesisanationofsuburbs.The1990census(人口普查)makesitofficial.Nearlyhalfthecountry’spopulationnowlivesinsuburbs,upfromaquarterin1950andathirdin1960.

ThethirdcenturyofAmericanhistoryisshapingupasthesuburbancentury.Until1920mostAmericanslivedinruralareas.By1960thecountrywasathirdurban,athirdrural,andathirdsuburban.Thatbalancedidn’tlastlong,however.By1990theurbanpopulationhadslippedto31percentandtheruralpopulationwasdowntolessthanaquarter.Wearenowasuburbannationwithanurbanfringeandaruralfringe.

ThefirstcenturyofAmericanlifewasdominatedbytheruralmyth:thesturdyandself-reliantJeffersonianfarmer.Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,however,Americansweregettingoffthefarmsasfastastheycould,toescapethehardshipandbrutalityofrurallife.

Mostofthetwentiethcenturyhasbeendominatedbytheurbanmyth:themeltingpot;NewYork,NewYork;thecitiesasthenation’sgreatenginesofprosperityandculture.Allthewhile,however,Americanshavebeengettingoutofthecitiesassoonastheycanaffordtobuyahouseandacar.Theywanttoescapethecrowdinganddangersofurbanlife.Butthereismoretoitthanescape.AsKennethT.JacksonarguesinCrabgrassFrontier,ahistoryofsuburbanizationintheUnitedStates,thepullfactors(cheaphousingandtheidealofasuburban“dreamhouse”)havebeenasimportantasthepushfactorspopulationgrowthandracialprejudice).

The1990Censustellsthestoryoftheexplosivegrowthofsuburbs.Thatyearfourteenstateshadamajoritysuburbanpopulation,includingsixofthetenmostpopulousstates(California,Pennsylvania,Ohio,Michigan,Florida,andNewJersey).

Suburbangrowthisnotlikelytoendanytimesoon.Accordingtothepolls,43percentofBostonresidents,43percentofpeoplewholiveinLosAngeles,and60percentofthosewholiveinNewYorkCitysaytheywouldleavethecityiftheycould.WhentheGallupPollaskedAmericansin1989whatkindofplacetheywouldliketolivein,only19percentsaidacity.

Isthereasuburbanmyth?Surethereis.IthasbeenastapleofAmericanpopularculturesincethe1950s,fromtelevisionshowslikeTheAdventuresofOzzieandHarrietandLeaveIttoBeavertomovieslikeE.T.ThedebunkingofthesuburbanmythhasnowreachedAmericanpopularculture,wheretelevisioncomediesaboutlowermiddle-classfamilieslikeRoseanneandtheSimpsonsportraytheharshrealitiesofsuburbanlife-unemployment,troubledfamilies,and,aboveall,stress.

Write“A”forTrueor“F”forFalseinthebrackets:

_____61.ThegreaterpartoftheAmericanpopulationnowlivesinthesuburbs.

_____62.CheaphousingisoneofthereasonsforAmericanswantingtoliveinthesuburbs.

_____63.IntheU.S.ahouseinthesuburbsisasymbolofprosperityandculture.

_____64.In1989mostAmericansstillsaidtheypreferredlivinginurbanareas.

_____65.ThemainpartofAmericanpopularculturesincethe1950shasbeendominatedbythesuburbmyth.

【答案】F

T

F

F

F

【解析】1.定位到第一段Nearlyhalfthecountry’spopulationnowlivesinsuburbs,upfromaquarterin1950andathirdin1960.(美国现在有近一半的人口住在郊区,而1950年只有四分之一,1960年只有三分之一。)题干与原文不符,因此不对。

2.定位到第四段thepullfactors(cheaphousingandtheidealofasuburban“dreamhouse”)havebeenasimportantasthepushfactorspopulationgrowthandracialprejudice.(牵引力因素——廉价住房和郊区“梦想之家”的理想与人口增长和种族偏见一样重要),可以得知廉价的住房也是他们离开的原因之一,因此题干表达正确。

3.定位到第四段thecitiesasthenation’sgreatenginesofprosperityandculture.(城市是国家繁荣和文化的重要引擎。)而不是美国的房子是繁荣和文化的象征。因此题干和原文的表达是不符的,错误。

4.定位到倒数第二段WhentheGallupPollaskedAmericansin1989whatkindofplacetheywouldliketolivein,only19percentsaidacity.(1989年,盖洛普民意测验询问美国人他们想住在什么样的地方,只有19%的人回答是城市。)这一句和题干不相符,只有19%的人们表示喜欢居住在城市,并不是题干说的大部分,因此错误。

5.定位到第三段和第四段ThefirstcenturyofAmericanlifewasdominatedbytheruralmyth:thesturdyandself-reliantJeffersonianfarmer.Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,however,Americansweregettingoffthefarmsasfastastheycould,toescapethehardshipandbrutalityofrurallife.Mostofthetwentiethcenturyhasbeendominatedbytheurbanmyth(美国人生活的第一个世纪被乡村神话所主宰:强壮而自立的杰斐逊式农民。然而,到了19世纪末,美国人开始尽可能快地离开农场,以逃避农村生活的艰难和残酷。20世纪的大部分时间里,都市神话一直占据着主导地位)原文并没有说是具体哪一年被谁主导,因此题干的表述也是不对的,错误。

20.写作题

Directions:Inthispart,youareexpectedtowriteacompositionentitledProsConsofBuyingaCarinnolessthan200words.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutlines.

有人赞成买私家车

有人反对买私家车

我的看法

【答案】略

21.单选题

Businessinthisareahasbeen()becausepricesaretoohigh.

问题1选项

A.prosperous

B.secretive

C.slack

D.shrill

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prosperous“繁荣的,兴旺的”;B选项secretive“秘密的,偷偷摸摸的”;C选项slack“松弛的,萧条的”;D选项shrill“尖锐的,刺耳的”。句意:由于价格太高,这个地区的生意()。本句表达的意思是“价格太高,所以这里的生意很萧条”,因此C选项符合题意。

22.单选题

InsuranceinrespectofthepropertywillbeaffectedbytheSocietyinaccordancewiththeRulesandthemortgageconditions.TheSocietyhasawideexperienceofinsurancecompaniesastheSocietymaydetermineandplacesinsurancewithmanycompanieswhoareabletoprovideacoverwhichthesocietyconsidersnecessary.YoumayliketheSocietytoinsurewithaparticularcompany,andifsopleasecontactimmediatelytheBranchOfficetowhichyousubmittedyourapplicationforloan,andsolongasthatcompanyanditstermsareacceptabletotheSocietythecoverwillbearrangedaccordingly.IfyoushouldsuggestacompanyanditisnotonewithwhichtheSocietydoesbusinessyouwillbeinformedandofferedachoiceofothercompanies.YourmayrequestchangeofinsurancesCompanyatanytimeduringthelifeofthemortgage.Ifyourmortgageisundertheendowmentschemeorsupportedbyaninsuranceguaranteeorifthedocumentsoftitlespecifythecompanytobeuseditmaynotbepossibletoacceptyourchoice.

Theinitialsuminsuredwillbethefigureshownundertheheading“AmountofPropertyInsurance”inDetailsofLoan.ThisfigureistheamountrecommendedbytheSociety’svalue,ashisestimatesofthereplacementcostofthebuildingatthedateofvaluation,unlesssomeotheramounthasbeenagreedinwritingbetweenyouandSociety.Nowarrantyisgivenorimpliedthattheamountofinsurancewillcovercompleteloss.

Youareremindedthatthemarketvalueofyourpropertybearsnorelationshiptothecost,atthetimeofreplacement.Theamountforwhichthepropertyisinsuredshouldthereforerepresentnotlessthanthecost,atthetimeofrepairorreplacement,orrebuildingallthepropertycoveredinthesamematerials,form,styleandconditionaswhenitisnew.Itshouldalsoincludeanyarchitects,surveyorsandlegalfeeswhichmaybepayableandanycostswhichmaybeinsuredincomplyingwiththerequirementsoftheLocalAuthorityandinremovingdebris(残骸),etc.Theterm“property”includesdomesticoutbuilding,garages,walls,landlords’fixturesandfittingsetc.,butexcludesthevalueoftheland.

Themarketvalueofahouseisthereforelikelytobelessthanthecostofrebuilding,especiallyifthepropertyiselderly.Evenifthepropertyisrecentlybuilt,theworkinvolvedinreinstatementwillbemoreexpensivethanthebuildingcostwhichcanbeachievedbyabuilderbuildingonanestatebasis.

1.Thepassageappearstobefrom().

2.Thetoneofthispassagecouldbestbedescribedas().

3.Accordingtothepassageifthecustomersuggestsaninsurancecompany().

4.Thepassagestatesthatwhenyouinsureyourproperty().

5.Thepassageimpliesthatrebuildingapropertycostsmorethanitsmarketvalue().

问题1选项

A.anadvertisement

B.aninformationbooklet

C.anewspaperarticle

D.aformalspeech

问题2选项

A.academic

B.light-hearted

C.formal

D.subjective

问题3选项

A.itisimpossibletochangethatcompanylateron

B.theSocietywillprovidealistofalternativecompanies

C.theSocietywillnotacceptresponsibilityforthepolicy

D.theSocietymaynotbeabletoagreetothecompany

问题4选项

A.youshouldnottakethelandvalueintoaccount.

B.youshouldusethemarketvalueasaguide

C.youshouldtaketheadviceofourLocalAuthority

D.garagesandgardenshedsarenotusuallyincluded

问题5选项

A.onlyifthepropertyisold

B.particularlyifthepropertyisnew

C.whatevertheageoftheproperty

D.becauseofrisingbuildingcost

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。本文讲述的是有关财产保险的情况。文章就如何办理保险、怎样确定保险公司、涉及房产保险时如何估价等一系列问题提供了大量有用的信息,因此可以判断,文章内容应该是节选于有关保险的信息手册,因此B选项“一个信息小册子”正确。A选项“广告”;C选项“报纸上的文章”以及D选项“正式的演说”都不正确。

2.判断推理题。因为本文是一篇科普类型的文章,为读者提供了大量相关的信息,例如第一段有提到TheSocietyhasawideexperienceofinsurancecompaniesastheSocietymaydetermineandplacesinsurancewithmanycompanieswhoareabletoprovideacoverwhichthesocietyconsidersnecessary.(本协会在保险公司方面有着广泛的经验,因为本协会可以确定并向许多能够提供必要保险的公司提供保险。)可以看出这篇文章应该是用非常正式的语气在为读者解惑的,因此C选项正确。A选项“学术的”,不妥;B选项“轻松的,无忧无虑的”,也不是原文的语气;D选项“主观的”,这是一篇科普文,因此不会是主观态度的。

3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段的第四句IfyoushouldsuggestacompanyanditisnotonewithwhichtheSocietydoesbusinessyouwillbeinformedandofferedachoiceofothercompanies.(如果你建议一家公司,而该公司不是与协会有业务往来的公司,你会得到通知,并可以选择其他公司。)因为有协调的可能性,因此说明确实会存在保险协会不同意客户选择保险公司的情况,D选项“该协会可能无法同意该公司的意见”正确。A选项“之后更换公司是不可能的”,在第一段youwillbeinformedandofferedachoiceofothercompani

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