地质工程专业常用英文词汇

可编辑修改WORD版本可编辑修改WORD版本33/33可编辑修改WORD版本地质工程专业常用英文词汇1

阐述expound(explain),state

引入introduceinto

相应的corresponding

概念conception

概论overview

概率probability

概念化conceptualize

宏观的macroscopic

补充complement

规划plan

证明demonstrate,certify,attest

证实confirmation

补偿compensate,makeup,imburse

算法algorithm

判别式discriminant

有限元方法finiteelementmethod(FEM)

样本单元法sampleelementmethod(SEM)

赤平投影法stereographicprojectionmethod(SPM)赤平投影stereographicprojection

干扰位移法interferencedisplacementmethod(IDM)干扰能量法interferenceenergymethod(IEM)

条分法methodofslices

极限平衡法limitequilibriummethod

界面元法boundaryelementmethod

模拟simulate

计算程序computerprogram

数值分析numericalanalysis

计算工作量calculationload

解的唯一性uniquenessofsolution

多层结构模型laminatedmodel

非线性nonlinear

横观各向同性lateralisotropy

各向同性isotropy

各向异性anisotropy

非均质性heterogeneity

边界条件boundarycondition

本构方程constitutiveequation

初始条件initialcondition

初始状态restcondition

岩土工程geotechnicalengineering,

土木工程civilengineering

基础工程foundationengineering

最不利滑面themostdangerousslipsurface

交替alternate

控制论cybernetics

大量现场调查massfieldsurveys

组合式combinedtype

相互作用interaction

稳定性评价stabilityevaluation

均质性homogeneity

介质medium

层layer,stratum

组构fabric

1地形地貌geographicandgeomorphic

工程地质条件engineeringgeologicalconditions

地形地貌条件geographicandgeomorphicconditions地形landform

地貌geomorphology,relief

微地貌microrelief

地貌单元landformunit,geomorphicunit

坡度grade

地形图reliefmap

河谷rivervalley河道rivercourse

河床riverbed(channel)

冲沟gully,gulley,erosiongully,stream(brook)河漫滩floodplain(valleyflat)

阶地terrace

冲积平原alluvialplain

三角洲delta

古河道fossilrivercourse,fossilstreamchannel冲积扇alluvialfan

洪积扇diluvialfan

坡积裙talusapron

分水岭divide

盆地basin

岩溶地貌karstlandfeature,karstlandform

溶洞solutioncave,karstcave

落水洞sinkhole

土洞Karsticearthcave

2地层岩性

地层geostrome(stratum,strata)

岩性lithologiccharacter,rockproperty

岩体rockmass

岩层bedstratum

岩层layer,rockstratum

母岩matrix,parentrock

相变facieschange

硬质岩strongrock,film

软质岩weakrock

硬质的competent

软质的incompetent

基岩bedrock

岩组petrofabric

覆盖层overburden

交错层理crossbedding

层面beddingplane

片理schistosity

层理bedding

板理（叶理）foliation

波痕ripple-mark

泥痕mudcrack

雨痕raindropimprints

造岩矿物rock-formingminerals

粘土矿物claymineral

高岭土kaolinite

蒙脱石montmorillonite

伊利石illite

云母mica

白云母muscovite

黑云母biotite

石英quartz

长石feldspar

正长石orthoclase

斜长石plagioclase

辉石pyroxene,picrite

角闪石hornblende

方解石calcite

构造structure

结构texture

组构fabric(tissue)

矿物组成mineralcomposition

结晶质crystalline

非晶质amorphous

产状attitude

火成岩igneous

2

岩浆岩magmaticrock

火山岩（熔岩）lava

火山volcano

侵入岩intrusive(invade)rock喷出岩effusiverock

深成岩plutonicrock

浅成岩pypabysalrock

酸性岩acidrock

中性岩inter-mediaterock

基性岩basicrock

超基性岩ultrabasicrock

岩基rockbase(batholith)

岩脉（墙）dike

岩株rockstock

岩流rockflow

岩盖rocklaccolith(laccolite)岩盆rocklopolith

岩墙rockdike

岩床rocksill

岩脉veindyke

花岗岩granite

斑岩porphyry

玢岩porphyrite

流纹岩rhyolite

正长岩syenite

粗面岩trachyte

闪长岩diorite

安山岩andesite

辉长岩gabbro

玄武岩basalt

细晶岩aplite

伟晶岩pegmatite

煌斑岩lamprophyre

辉绿岩diabase

橄榄岩dunite

黑曜岩obsidian

浮岩pumice

火山角砾岩vulcanicbreccia

火山集块岩volcanicagglomerate

凝灰岩tuff

沉积岩sedimentaryrock

碎屑岩clasticrock

粘土岩clayrock

粉砂质粘土岩siltyclaystone

化学岩chemicalrock

生物岩biolith

砾岩conglomerate

角砾岩breccia

砂岩sandstone

石英砂岩quartzsandstone

粉砂岩siltstone

钙质粉砂岩calcareoussiltstone

泥岩mudstone

页岩shale

盐岩saline

石灰岩limestone

白云岩dolomite

泥灰岩marl

泥钙岩argillo-calcareous

泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous

砂质arenaceous

泥质argillaceous

硅质的siliceous

有机质organicmatter粗粒coarsegrain

中粒medium-grained

沉积物sediment(deposit)

漂石、顽石boulder

卵石cobble

砾石gravel

砂sand

粉土silt

粘土clay

粘粒claygrain

砂质粘土sandyclay

粘质砂土clayeysand

壤土、亚粘土loam

砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandyloam

浮土、表土regolith(topsoil)

黄土loess

红土laterite

泥灰peat

软泥ooze

淤泥mire,oozedmud,sludge,warpclay冲积物（层）alluvion

冲积的alluvial

洪积物（层）proluvium,diluvium,diluvion

洪积的diluvial

坡积物（层）deluvium

残积物（层）eluvium

残积的eluvial

风积物（层）eoliandeposits

湖积物（层）lakedeposits

海积物（层）marinedeposits

冰川沉积物（层）glacier(drift)deposits

崩积物（层）colluvialdeposits,colluvium

残积粘土residualclay

变质岩metamorphicrock

板岩slate

千枚岩phyllite

片岩schist

片麻岩gneiss

石英岩quartzite

大理岩marble

糜棱岩mylonite

混合岩migmatite

碎裂岩cataclasite

3地质构造

地质构造geologicstructure

结构构造structuraltexture

大地构造geotectonic

构造运动tectogenesis

造山运动orogeny

升降运动verticalmovement

水平运动horizontalmovement

完整性perfection(integrity)

起伏度waviness

尺寸效应sizeeffect

围压效应confiningpressureeffect

产状要素elementsofattitude

产状attitude,orientation

走向strike

倾向dip

倾角dipangle,angleofdip

褶皱fold

褶曲fold

单斜monocline

3

向斜syncline

背斜anticline

穹隆dome

挤压squeeze

上盘uppersection

下盘bottomwall,footwall,lowerwall断距separation

相交intersect

断层fault

正断层normalfault

逆断层reversedfault

平移断层parallelfault

层理bedding,stratification

微层理lightstratification

地堑graben

地垒horst,faultridge

断层泥gouge,pug,selvage,faultgouge擦痕stria,striation

断裂fracture

破碎带fracturezone

节理joint

节理组jointset

裂隙fissure,crack

微裂隙finefissure,microscopicfissure劈理cleavage

原生裂隙originaljoint

次生裂隙epigeneticjoint

张裂隙tensionjoint

剪裂隙shearjoint

卸荷裂隙reliefcrack

裂隙率fractureporosity

结构类型structuralpattern

岩体结构rockmassstructure

岩块blockmass

结构体structuralelement

块度blockness

结构面structuralplane

软弱结构面weakplane

临空面freeface

碎裂结构cataclastictexture

板状结构platystructure

薄板状lamellose

块状的lumpy,massive

层状的laminated

巨厚层giantthick-laminated

薄层状的finelylaminated

软弱夹层weakintercalatedlayer

夹层interbedding,

intercalatedbed,interlayer,intermediatelayer夹泥层clayeyintercalation

夹泥inter-clay

连通性connectivity

切层insequent

影响带affectingzone

完整性integrityn.

Integratev.&a.

degreeofintegrality

破碎crumble

胶结cement

泥化argillization

尖灭taper-out

错动diastrophism

错动层面faultedbeddingplane

断续的intermittent破碎crumble

共轭节理conjugatedjoint

散状loose

透镜状的lens-shapeda.

岩石碎片crag

岩屑cuttings,debris

薄膜membrane,film

层理stratification

高角度highdipangle

缓倾角lowdipangle

反倾anti-dip

互层interbedv.

Interbeddingn.

起伏的unplanar

波状起伏的undulate,undulating

粒径particlesize

构造层tectonosphere

挤压compression

均一的homogeneous

剪切错动面shearfaulted,beddingzone

切割dissection

切割的dissected

致密close,compact

构造岩tectonite

糜棱岩mylonite

断层角砾岩faultbreccia

方解石脉calcitevein

碎块岩clasticrock

角砾breccia

岩粉rockpowder

岩屑debris,debry

固结consolidation

定向排列orientedspread

构造应力tectonicstress

残余应力residualstress

4水文地质条件hydrogeologicalconditions水文循环hydrologiccycle

大气圈atmosphere

水圈hydrosphere

岩石圈geosphere

地表径流surfacerunoff

地下径流subsurfacerunoff

流域valley,drainagebasin

流域面积drainagearea,riverbasinarea汇水面积catchmentarea

地下水groundwater,subsurfacewater地表水surfacewater

大气水atmosphericwater

气态水aqueous(vapour)water

液态水liquidwater

固态水solidwater

上层滞水perchedwater

潜水phreaticwater

承压水confinedwater

吸着水hygroscopic(adsorptive)water介质medium

空隙void

孔隙水压力porewaterpressure

渗透压力osmoticpressure,seepageforce扬压力upliftpressure

静水压力hydrostaticpressure

外静水压力externalhydrostaticpressure

动水压力hydrodynamicpressure

4

渗透力seepagepressure

外水压力externalwaterpressure

内水压力internalwaterpressure

水力联系hydraulicinterrelation

水力折减系数hydraulicreductioncoefficient

水头损失waterheadloss

渗透途径filtrationpath,seepagepath

渗透系数penetrationcoefficient

潜水位watertablelevel

水位waterlevel,stagelevel

水头waterhead

含水层aquifer

弱含水层（弱透水层）aquitard

滞水层aquiclude

透水层permeablelayer,perviouslayer

不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge,imperviouslayer,

impermeablelayer,aquiclude

潜水含水层phreaticaquifer

承压含水层confinedaquifer,artesianaquifer

承压面bearingsurface

潜水面phreaticsurface,watertable

浸润线phreaticcurve

不透水边界imperviousboundary

地下分水岭groundwaterridge

粘滞性viscosity

富水性abundance

透水性（渗透性）permeability

淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation,leaching

反滤层invertedgravelfilter

水锈incrustation

渗滴seep

饱和saturation,saturated

潜水位变化带zoneofvariablephreaticlevel

气象因素meteorologicalfactor

饱水带zoneofsaturation

包气带aerationzone,zoneofaeration

包气带水aerationzonewater

上层滞水perchedwater

孔隙水porewater

裂隙水fissurewater

岩溶水karsticwater

结合水boundwater,combinedwater

吸着水hydroscopicwater

薄膜水pellicularwater

毛细水capillarywater

重力水gravitationalwater

凝结水condensationwater

地下水埋藏条件conditionofgroundwateroccurrence地下水埋藏深度depthofgroundwateroccurrence

压水试验packerpermeabilitytest

抽水试验pumpingtest

5物理力学性质

物理力学physicalmechanicsn.

Physico-mechanicala.

屈服准则yieldcriteria

米赛斯屈服准则VonMisesyieldcriteria

朗肯土压力理论Ranking’searthpressuretheory

剑桥模型Cambridgemodel,Cam-model

邓肯-张模型Duncan-changmodel

本构方程constitutiveequation

局部剪切破坏localshearfailure

整体剪切破坏generalshearfailure

岩体完整性指数intactnessindexofrockmass安全系数factorofsafety

埋深embedmentdepth

试件coupons

挠度deflection

里氏震级Richterscale

设计烈度designintensity

基本烈度basicintensity

场地烈度siteintensity

地震烈度seismicintensity,intensityscale

卓越周期predominantperiod

持力层sustainedyield

超载surcharge

围岩压力surroundingrockstress

附加压力superimposedstress

应力松弛stressrelaxation

应力路迳stresspath

卸荷unload

渗透率specificpermeability

饱和度degreeofsaturation

含水量moisturecontent

平均粒径meandiameter

颗粒grain,granule,particle

颗粒级配distributionofgrain-size,

graincomposition,sizedistribution

级配graduation,

grain-sizedistribution,gradation,grading

粒度coarsenessgrainsize,granularity,lump不均匀系数coefficientofnon-uniformity,

variationcoefficient,variationfactor

颗粒分级gradation,sizegrading

孔隙水porewater

孔隙比voidratio(ration)

空隙率airvoids

孔隙率porosity

裂隙率crackity

溶隙率karstity

密度density

重度unitweight,bulkweight

浮重度buoyantunitweight

折减系数reductionfactor

压力消散dissipationofpressure

抗力系数coefficientofresistance

软化系数softeningcoefficient

含水量watercontent

稠度consistency

塑限plasticlimit

液限liquidlimit

塑性指数plasticityindex

液性指数liquidityindex

流变rheological

蠕变creep

塑性plastic

脆性brittleness(fragility)

粘性stickness

刚性rigidity

弹性的elastic

粘弹性viso-elasticity

弹塑性elasto-plasticity

压缩性compressibility

均质性homogeneity

非均质性nonhomogeneity(heterogeneity)

各向同性isotropy

各向异性anisotropy

总应力totalstress

5

有效应力effectivestress

超孔隙水压力excessporepressure

孔隙水压力porewaterpressure

抗压强度compressivestrength

抗拉强度tensilestrength

抗剪强度shearstrength

不排水抗剪强度undrainedshearstrenght

峰值抗剪强度peaksharestrength

长期抗剪强度long-termshearstrength

残余抗剪强度residualshearstrength

负摩擦力negativeskinfriction,dragdown

摩擦角angleoffriction

内摩擦角angleofinternalfriction

外摩擦角angleofexternalfriction

内聚力cohesion

粘聚力cohesion

假凝聚力pseudo-cohesion

粘着力adhesion

摩尔圆Mohr’scircle

包络线envelope

休止角angleofrepose,

angleoffriction(repose,rest),reposeangle峰值peak

模量modulus

弹性模量modulusofelasticity，

Young’smodulus,elasticmodulus

压缩模量modulusofcompressibility

变形模量modulusofdeformation

卸荷模量unloadingmodulus

切线模量tangentmodulus

剪切模量shearmodulus

割线模量secantmodulus

旁压模量pressurmetermodulus

泊松比poisson’sration

固结consolidation

固结系数coefficientofconsolidation

固结度degreeofconsolidation

超固结比overconsolidationration

应变strain

压缩比compressibilityratio

压缩系数coefficientofcompressibility

压缩指数compressionindex

初始曲线virgincurve

正常固结土normallyconsolidatedsoil

欠固结土under-consolidatedsoil

超固结土over-consolidatedsoil

被动土压力passiveearthpressure

主动土压力activeearthpressure

静止土压力earthpressureatrest

覆盖压力overburdenpressure

初始应力initialstress

地应力场ground(geostatic)stressfield

有效应力effectivestress

动应力dynamicstress

动荷载dynamicload

偏心荷载eccentricloads

循环荷载inclinedloads

地应力groundstress,geostaticstress

初始应力initialstress

应力场stressfield

纵波longitudinalwave

液化势liquefactionpotential

液化指数liquefactionindex

交角angular岩石抗力系数coefficientofrockresistance

容许承载力allowablebearingcapacity

临塑压力criticalpressure

接触压力contactpressure

6工程地质问题

工程地质问题engineeringgeologicalproblem

定性评价qualitativeestimate

定量评价quantitativeestimate

极限平衡法limitequilibriummethod

不良地质现象unfavorablegeologicalcondition

风化weathering

变形deformation

位移displacement

不均匀位移differentialmovement

相对位移relativedisplacement

沉陷settlement

山崩avalanche,toppling

崩塌toppling,topplingcollapse

滑坡、地滑creep,slide

切层滑坡insequentlandslide

深层滑坡deepslide

浅层滑坡shallowslide

顺层滑坡consequentlandslide

滑动面

slidingsurface,slidingplane,slipsurface

滑动带slidingzone

滑床slidebed

滑坡体slide(sliding)mass

古滑坡fossillandslide

推移式滑坡slumpingslide

牵引式滑坡retrogressiveslide

管涌piping,internalerosion

渗漏leakage

流砂quicksand

渗流seepage

液化liquefaction

7工程勘察engineeringinvestigation

工程地质勘察engineeringgeologyinvestigation岩土工程勘察geotechnicalinvestigation

工程地质条件engineeringgeologicalcondition工程地质评价engineeringgeologicalevaluation勘测survey

岩芯采取率corerecovery,coreextraction

岩芯获得率

RQD（岩石质量指标）rockqualitydesignation

程序（步骤）procedure

勘察阶段investigationalstage

选点踏勘reconnaissance

初步设计primarydesign

初步规划preliminaryscheme

初步勘探preliminaryprospecting

初步踏勘groundreconnaissance

可行性研究阶段feasibilitystage

初步设计阶段preliminarystage

施工阶段constructionsage

踏勘reconnaissance,inspection

地质测绘geologicalsurvey

工程地质测绘engineeringgeologicalmapping钻探boreholeoperation,boring

物探geophysicalexploration

洞探exploratoryadits

钎探rodsounding

6

坑探exploringmining

槽探trenching

天然建材调查

naturalmaterialssurveying(examination)岩土工程勘察报告geotechnicalinvestigationreport鉴定identification,appraisal

鉴定书expertisereport

鉴定人identifier,surveyor

校核verification

总监chiefinspector

比例proportion

地形图geographicmap

地貌图geomorphologicalmap

地质图geologicalmap

工程地质图engineeringgeologicalmap

实测地质剖面图

field-acquiredgeologicalprofile(section)构造地质图geologicalstructuremap

第四纪地质图quarternarygeologicalmap

地质详图detailmapofgeology

地质柱状图geologiccolumnarsection,geologiclog钻孔柱状图logsofborehole

纵剖面图longitudinalsection

横剖面图crosssection

展示图revealdetailmap

节理玫瑰图roseofjoints

基岩等高线bedrockcontour

层底等高线contourofstratumbottom

岩层界线strataboundary

岩面高程elevationofbedrocksurface

坐标coordinate

分层bedseparation

地质点geologicalobservationpoint

勘探点exploratorypoint(spot)

勘探线exploratoryline

勘探孔explorationhole

平洞adit

竖井riser,shaft,verticalshaft

探槽exploratorytrench

探井exploratorypit

钻孔borehole,drillhole

机钻孔ordinarydrillhole

套钻孔sleevedrillhole

管钻孔pipedrillhole

岩芯core

岩芯钻探coredrilling

回转钻探（进）rotarydrilling

冲击钻探churndrilling,percussiondrilling钢砂钻探shotdrilling

铁砂钻进ironshotdrilling

跟管钻进follow-downdrilling

振动钻进vibro-boring,vibro-drilling

泥浆钻探mudflushdrilling

金刚石钻进diamonddrilling

单动式singleacting

双层doublelayer

空气钻探airflushdrilling

钻机drillingrig

钻头drillbit,drillingbit

螺旋钻头auger

勺钻spoonbit

冲击钻头percussionbit,choppingbit

桶式钻头bucketauger

钻杆drillrod套管casing

岩芯管corebarrel

冲洗掖flushfluid

正循环冲洗directcirculation

反循环冲洗reversecirculation

泥浆mud,slurry

泥皮mudcake

护壁dado

止水seal,waterseal

扫孔cleaningbottomofhole

钻进drilling

平硐adit

竖井shaft

钻探drillingboring

8工程地质试验

击实试验compactiontest

压缩试验compressiontest

固结试验consolidationtest

单轴试验uniaxialcompressiontest

现场剪切试验in-situsheartest

单剪试验simplesheartest

直剪试验directsheartest

慢剪试验slowtest

单剪试验simplesheartest

快剪试验quicktest

三轴剪切试验triaxialsheartest

三轴压缩试验triaxialcompressiontest

动三轴试验dynamictriaxialtest

不固结不排水剪试验

unconsolidatedundrainedtest(quicktest)

固结不排水剪试验

consolidatedundrainedtest(consolidatedquicktest)固结排水试验consolidateddrainedtest(slowtest)

原位测试in-situtest

现场监测on-site(in-site)monitoring

现场检测on-site(in-site)inspection

观测孔observationborehole

静力触探试验conepenetrationtest,

staticpenetrationtest,staticconetest

标贯试验standardpenetrationtest

十字板剪切试验vanesheartest,vanetest

检层法up-holemethod,boreholemethod

旁压试验pressuremetertest

动力触探试验

dynamicpenetrationtest,dynamicsounding点荷载试验pointloadtest

岩石试验rocktest

应力解除法stressreliefmethod

应力恢复法stressrecoverymethod

套孔法over-coringmethod

9岩土体加固

掌子面breast,drivingface,

headingface,tunnelface

顶拱vault

底拱invert

洞室开挖excavation

超挖overbreak

风钻pneumaticdrill

开挖断面excavatedsection

塌落slump

细骨料混凝土concretemadewithfineaggregate

细骨料fineaggregate,fineadjustment

7

料场stockground

土料earthmaterial

矿渣cinder,mineralwaterresidue,scoria,slag性能function,performance,property,nature凝结coagulate,congeal,congealment,coagulation合格qualified,ontest,uptostandard初凝initialset

初凝时间initialsettingtime

终凝finalset

配合比mixproportion

塌落度slump

水化热heatofhydration,

hydrationheat,settingheat

水灰比water-cementratio

粉煤灰flyash

梅花状quincuncialpattern

喷射shotcrete

浇注pouring

钢筋网coiremesh

加固reinforce

锚杆anchoredbar,rockbolt

锚索anchoredcable

锚紧端anchorstation

锚桩anchoredpeg

采石场rockquarry

开挖excavation

清基cleanupfoundation

明挖open-cut

爆破explosion

光面爆破smoothblasting

预裂法presplitting

10水工概论

坝址toeofdam

坝踵heel

坝段monolith

坝顶crest

坝肩shoulders

左坝肩leftdamabutment

副坝saddledam

三坝址thethirddamsite

标高heightmark

上游水位headwater

正常库水位normalreservoirlevel

地下洞室undergroundopening(tunnel)

压力隧洞pressuretunnel

无压隧洞gravitytunnel

交通洞accesstunnel

灌浆洞groutingtunnel

明流洞free-flowtunnel

孔板洞orificetunnel

排砂洞sedimenttunnel

尾水洞tailracetunnel

排水洞drainagetunnel

导流洞diversiontunnel

隧道tunnel

围岩surroundingrock,ambientrock

围岩应力secondarystressstatic

应力集中stressconcentrate

覆盖层overburden

冒顶cavein,rooffall

底鼓bottomheave

回弹rebound

岩爆rockburst冻结法freezingmethod

超载overbreak

衬砌lining

围堰cofferdam

堤dike

近坝岸坡abutments

施工（收缩）缝constructionjoint

心墙core

截水墙cutoffwall

防渗墙diaphragmwall

排水井drainagewells

排水幕drainagecurtain

减压井reliefwells

反滤层filterzone

灌浆材料grout

水力劈裂hydraulicfracturing

帷幔线curtainline

上游围堰upstreamcofferdam

混凝土防渗墙concretecutoffwall

截流interimcompletion

导水墙channeltrainingwall

正常溢洪道渠首工程servicespillwayheadwork消力塘linedplungepool

隔墙dividerwalls

混凝土护坦concreteapron

副厂房auxiliarypowerhouse

闸门室gatechamber

中闸室midgatechamber

开关站switchyard

电梯井elevatorshaft

尾水渠tailrace

非常溢洪道emergencyspillway

11桥梁及基础工程

江阴大桥JiangyinBridge

悬索桥suspensionbridge

锚碇anchorage

重力式嵌岩锚gravitysocketedanchorage

北锚碇前（后）锚面

front(back)surfaceofnorthernanchorage

塔墩tower

墩pier

散索鞍splaysaddle

猫道footbridge

主缆maincable

索股cablestrand

主鞍mainsaddle,towersaddle

主跨mainspan

边跨sidespan

引桥approach

钢箱梁steelboxmaingirder

埋深embedmentdepth

北塔墩基础northtowerbase

基础foundation,footing

浅基础shallowfoundation

深基础deepfoundation

联合基础combinedfooting

筏形基础raft(mat)foundation

钢模steelform

桩pile

基桩foundationpile

群桩pilegroups

桩基础pilefoundation

桩承台pilecap

高桩承台high-risepilecap

低桩承台buriedpilecap

摩擦桩frictionpile

端承桩endbearingpile

嵌岩桩socketedpile

板桩sheetpile

旋喷桩jet-groutedpile

灌注桩cast-in-placepile

沉管灌注桩drivencast-in-placepile

支护桩soldierpiles,tangentpiles

刚性桩rigidpile

柔性桩flexiblepile

侧向受荷桩laterallyloadedpile

轴向受荷桩axiallyloadedpile

预制桩precastconcretepile

振动打桩vibratorypiledriving

振动钻进vibratorydrilling

沉箱caisson

沉井（沉箱）(open)caisson

地下连续墙diaphragmwall,slurrywall

支撑bracing

超载surcharge

接触应力contactpressure

井点降水well-pointdewatering

桩极限承载力ultimatebearingcapacityofpile

承载力bearingcapacity

阻力resistance

桩端阻力endresistance

表面摩擦力skinfriction

粘着系数adhesionfactor

负摩擦力negativeskinfriction

安全系数factorofsafety

压缩层compressedlayer

附加应力additionalstress,superimposedstress持力层bearinglayer,sustaininglayer

地基土foundationsoil,subsoil

临塑压力criticalpressure

剪切破坏shearfailure

地基失效foundationfailure

冲剪破坏punchingfailure

渐进破坏progressivefailure

容许荷载allowableload

极限承载力ultimatebearingcapacity

沉降settlement

沉降差differentialsettlement

尾部倾斜angulardistortion

倾斜tilting

坑底隆起bottomheave

静止土压力earthpressureatrest

稳定数stabilitynumber

路堤embankment

地基处理groundtreatmentsoilimprovement垫层cushion

加固stabilization

注浆injection

灌浆guniting

帷幕curtain

挡土墙retainingwall

锚固anchoring

喷浆guniting

锚杆earthanchor

盲沟Frenchdrain

振冲法vibrojet12监测仪器

观测孔observationbore/hole

仪器观测instrumentation

读数装置readoutdevice

传感器transducer

探头probe

压力盒pressurecell

振弦式应变计vibratingwirestraingauge

伸长计、变位计extensionmeter

板式沉降仪foundationbase/pate

测斜仪inclinometer

测压计，渗压计piezometer

垂线plumb

垂直度plumbness

13安全监控

可靠性检查reliabilitychecking

监控模型monitoringandpredictionmodel

监测monitoring

资料datum,data

可靠性reliability

稳定性stability

安全safety

评估evaluation,appraise

评定assessment,assess,rate

评价准则criterion

灾害hazard,calamity

确定性方法论Deterministicmethodology

应急行动计划EAP(emergencyactionplan)

事故accident

紧急状态emergency

紧急检查emergencyinspection

灾情等级hazardclassification

灾害评价hazardevaluation

风险评估riskassessment

静力（StaticAnalysis）

动力（DynamicAnalysis）

蠕变（CreepMaterialModel）

渗流（Fluid-mechanicalInteraction）

热力学（ThermalOption）

headwarderosion溯源侵蚀

scouringofleveeorbank淘刷

stronglyweatheredsiliceousrockmasswithquasi-lamellarweaklyweatheredsiliceousrockmasswithquasi-lamellarofcontinuallyaftershocksof7or8-degreeintensity

Evidently明显的

Correspondinglyadv.相应地;相关地;相同地

thehangingwalloftriggeringseismicfault

oblique~beddingbankslope

专业外语(为方便记忆,跟上面稍有重复)一．综合类

1.geotechnicalengineering岩土工程

2.foundationengineering基础工程

3.soil,earth土

4.

soilmechanics土力学

cyclicloading周期荷载

unloading卸载reloading再加载

viscoelasticfound粘弹性

地基

viscousdamping粘滞阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量

5.soildynamics土动力学

6.stresspath应力路径

二．

土的分类

1.residualsoil残积土

groundwaterlevel地下水位

2.groundwater地下水

groundwater

table地下水位

3.clayminerals粘土矿物

4.secondaryminerals次生矿物

5.landslides滑坡

6.boreholecolumnarsection钻孔柱状图

7.engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石

11.gravellysand砾砂12.coarsesand粗砂13.mediumsand中砂14.finesand细砂15.siltysand粉土16.clayeysoil粘性土17.clay粘土

18.siltyclay粉质粘土19.silt粉土

20.sandysilt砂质粉土21.clayeysilt粘质粉土22.saturatedsoil饱和土23.unsaturatedsoil非饱和土24.fill(soil)填土

三．土的基本物理力学性质1.ccCompressionindex2.cuundrainedshearstrength3.cu/p0ratioofundrainedstrengthcutoeffectiveoverburdenstressp0(cu/p0)NC,(cu/p0)ocsubscriptsNCandOCdesignatednormallyconsolidatedandoverconsolidated,respectively4.cvanecohesivestrengthfromvanetest5.e0naturalvoidratio6.Ipplasticityindex7.K0coefficient

of“at-rest”pressure,fortotalstressesσ1andσ28.K0’domainforeffectivestressesσ1‘andσ2’9.K0nK0fornormallyconsolidated

state10.K0uK0coefficientunderrapidcontinuousloading,simulatinginstantaneousloadingoranundrainedcondition11.K0dK0coefficientundercyclic

loading(frequencylessthan1Hz),asapseudo-dynamictestforK0coefficient

12.kh,kvpermeabilityinhorizontalandverticaldirections,respectively

13.Nblowcount,standardpenetrationtest

14.OCRover-consolidationratio

15.pcpreconsolidationpressure,fromoedemetertest

16.p0effectiveoverburdenpressure17.psspecificconepenetrationresistance,fromstaticconetest18.quunconfinedcompressivestrength19.U,U