2022年考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号39

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Althoughthementalprocessthatcreatesafreshandoriginalpoemordramaisdoubtless（

）thatwhichoriginatesandelaboratesscientificdiscoveries,thereisclearlyadiscernibledifferencebetweenthecreators.

问题1选项

A.peripheralto

B.contiguouswith

C.inconsistentwith

D.analogousto

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。A选项“次要的，不重要的”；B选项“接着的，相邻的，邻近的”；C选项“不一致，不协调”；D选项“类推为，类同为”，根据句首的although和句末的adiscernibledifference以及句子的整体意思‘尽管原创一首诗歌或一部戏剧的心理过程很可能与产生并详细阐述科学发现的心理过程类似，但是在创造者之间显然存在区别’可以推断出答案选项应该为D。

2.翻译题

写给未来的自己一封信当你10年、20年或更多年后回顾过去时，你会吃惊地发现，随着时光的流逝，你也发生了很大的变化。你的经历、朋友、家庭和工作造就了现在的你。但是再过几年你会在哪里呢？你会如何变化呢？这样反思性的写作，会是思考未来你想要什么的一种好的方式。

你也许以前试过给过去的自己写信，向年轻时的自己传授一些人生的智慧和观点，你希望那时候的自己就能知道这些。现在我们换个角度看问题，如果让你给未来的自己写封信，你会写点什么？

想象一下，给5年后的自己写一封信，当5年后你打开那封信时，你会产生多少共鸣。这是实现目标的一种有用的辅助工具，因为当你给未来的自己写信时，你会慢慢理清希望自己在人生旅途的那个特定时刻变成什么样子。

当你在未来读这封信时，你可以看看有多少事情是像你过去期望的那样，你也会思考为什么会这样。很多时候，我们设定目标在实现的过程中会受到沿途中各种因素的影响，因为会遇到各种各样的困难、各种意外情况并需要不断调整优先级。

这封信能让你从宏观的角度上去看自己最初的愿景，让你意识到自己现在的想法和过去相比有多么不同。

当你以后看信时，你会把过去的自己和现在的自己进行比较。这会让你看清从写信时起你发生了哪些变化，这种体验是非常有趣的。光看看从你写信开始发生了哪些变化就很有趣了。

现在就拿出笔和纸，开始给未来的自己写封信吧。找个合适的时间，想象你在那段时间内会是什么样子，然后开始写信。想一想你想成为哪种人，你在生活中的位置、那时你的成就、你会有什么样的想法和感觉，诸如此类的内容。

写完信，把它装到信封里，在信封的封面上写上日期，把它妥善保管起来。在自己的日历中标记一下打开这封信的日期。当你以后打开信时，你可能会更好地洞察自己以及自己过去的生命历程。

【答案】Whenyoulookbackonyourselfinthepast---10,20,30ormoreyearsago---it’ssurprisingtoseehowmuchyouhavechangedovertime.Yourexperiences,yourfriends,yourfamilyandyourworkhaveallshapedwhoyouarerightnow.

Itisausefulsupplementarytooltobeusedingoalachievement,becausewhenyouwritethelettertoyourfutureself,ithelpscrystallizeexactlyhowyouanticipateyourselftobecomeatthatspecificmomentdowntheroad.

Oftentimes,thegoalswesetandourgoalachievementprocessaresubjectedtoalotofchangesalongtheway,duetovaryingobstacles,unanticipatedcircumstancesandchangingpriorities.

Thelettergivesyouamacro-viewofyourinitialvisionandletsyourecognizehowyourcurrentvisiondiffersfromthepast.

Whenyouopenthislettersometimeinthenearfuture,youmightgainadditionalinsightsaboutyourselfandyourjourneyinthepastfewyearsthatyouwereobliviousto.

3.单选题

Almostsinceitsinception,Israelhasbeeninconflict.WhatroledoeswarplayinshapingtheJewishstates’identity?

I'monthiswhirlwindtouroftheHolyLandcourtesyofBirthright,afoundationthatofferseveryAmericanwithJewishheritageafreetriptoIsrael.Theonlyrequirementsarethatyou’rebetweentheagesof18and26andyouhaveatleastoneJewishparent.That'sit.Birthrightgivesyouanall-expensespaidtour(I'mtalkingairfare,food,accommodation,everything)aroundIsraeltolearnaboutthecountryanditscomplicatedpastandprecariousfuture.

IwentintomytriptoIsraelaveritablecleanstate,ashelteredgirlfromsmall-townNevadawithnostrongpoliticalconvictions.Anagnosticinfaithandinlife.AtthispointinmylifeIdon'tfollowJudaismoranyreligionforthatmatter.Culturally,I’mkindofwhatever,celebratingChristmasandGroundhogDayandanyotherholidaythatseemslikefun.Ididn’tknowmuchaboutIsraelisasapeople,andknewhardlyanythingaboutthepoliticsoftheregion.

PmonabusinIsraelleavingtheairport.It'sveryearlyinthemorning.Thedayisalreadysohotyoucanseewavesofheatshimmeringoffthehighway.IfeellikeIalwaysdoatthestartofagreatadventure:jetlagged,thirsty,excited.ThebuildingsofTelAvivaregettingsmallerthefurtherwedrive.

Ourtourguide,hisnameisEitan,istalkingintoamicrophone.“Asweheadoutofthecityyou’llseealotofcountryside,”hesays,hisblueeyesgazingfondlyoutthewindowathisadoptedhomeland(EitanisAmerican,yousee,andhehas“madealiyah，’’ortakenIsraelashishomelandandchosenaHebrewname).

“Israelisnotalldesertlikeyoumighthavethought.”Ipayattentionnow,becausethisiswhatIdidinfactthink.“Lookatthatfieldofsunflowers,forexample."

Ilookoutthewindowtomyleftandseethetallyellowflowers.I’mthinkingtheyare

prettyandpicturesque,thenEitansays,“Don’ttheylooklikeproudsoldierslinedupreadyforbattle?"

Itwon'toccurtomeuntilmuchlater,whenmyten-daytouraroundIsraelisfinishedandI’mbackinthesafetyofmypredictable,air-conditionedAmericanlife,thatthiscommentrepresentstwothingsI’vecometounderstandaboutIsraelanditspeople.One:Israelisaredeterminedtoshowtheworldtheircountryisbeautiful,notjustbombsandproblems.Two:Theyhaveanunwaveringbeliefintheirrighttobelongasanationandtheirrighttodefendit.Conclusion:WhereAmericansseesunflowers,Israelisseesoldiers.

Icameoutofmytripwithdatesandhistoryandpassionatespeechesrattlingaroundinmyhead,lesssurethaneverwhoshouldhaverightful“ownership”oftheland.

1.AfreetriptoIsraelisofferedtoeveryyoungAmericanwithJewishheritageinorderforthem（

）.

2.By“IwentintomytriptoIsraelaveritableslate”,theauthorimpliesthatshewentintoIsrael

（

）.

3.Thesentence,“WhereAmericansseesunflowers,Israelisseesoldiers”,suggeststhatsubconsciously

（

）.

4.Ascanbeinferredfromthepassage,theauthorfindsherten-daytouraroundIsrael（

）.

问题1选项

A.tofindoutwhatroleswarplaysinshapingtheJewishstates’identity

B.toseealotofprettyandpicturesquecountrysidesceneryoutofthecity

C.tolearnaboutthecountryanditscomplicatedpastandprecariousfuture

D.tosavethemtheexpensesoneverythingincludingairfare,food,accommodation

问题2选项

A.open-minded,withoutanyrestrictionsofconventionalideas

B.simple-minded,withoutanythoughtofthepurposeofthetrip

C.empty-minded,withoutmuchknowledgeaboutIsraelisasapeople

D.pure-minded,withoutanypolitical,religiousandculturalinclination

问题3选项

A.IsraelishaveanunrealisticcastofmindasapeoplewithJewishheritage

B.Israelisareverypatrioticandalwaysreadytodefendtheirrighttobelong

C.IsraelisaremuchmoreimaginativethanAmericansaboutthingsinnature

D.Israelisaresopanic-strickenbywarthattheymistakesunflowersforsoldiers

问题4选项

A.meaninglessandboring

B.adventurousandthrilling

C.incredibleandbewildering

D.impressiveandrewarding

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。本题询问给每一个至少父母中的一方是犹太人的年轻的美国人一次免费去以色列的旅行的目的是什么。根据原文“That’sit.Birthrightgivesyouanall-expensespaidtour(I'mtalkingairfare,food,accommodation,everything)aroundIsraeltolearnaboutthecountryanditscomplicatedpastandprecariousfuture.就是这样。“与生俱来的权利”让你可以免费游览以色列(我指的是机票、食物、住宿等等)，了解这个国家及其复杂的过去和不稳定的未来。”可知C选项‘旅行的目的就是让更多人了解以色列复杂的历史和未知的将来’正确。

2.句义推测题。本题询问通过这句话作者想表达的意思。IwentintomytriptoIsraelaveritablecleanstate句意为“我走进了以色列，一个名副其实的干净的国家”。这句话应放到文中更好理解，通过后面的“ashelteredgirlfromsmall-townNevadawithnostrongpoliticalconviction.她来自内华达州的一个小镇，没有强烈的政治信念。”明确指出不含任何政治倾向，所以D选项“天真的思想，不含任何政治、宗教和文化信仰”正确。

3.句义推测题。根据原文“One:Israelisaredeterminedtoshowtheworldtheircountryisbeautiful,notjustbombsandproblems.Two:Theyhaveanunwaveringbeliefintheirrighttobelongasanationandtheirrighttodefendit.Conclusion:WhereAmericansseesunflowers,Israelisseesoldiers.一、以色列想向这个世界展示它是美丽的，而不只是炸弹和困难；二、他们对他们属于这个国家和有权捍卫国家的权利有着坚定不移的信念。”综合分析可知，这句话“美国人明明看到的是向日葵，以色列人却看到的是士兵”是突出以色列人的爱国之心，他们时刻保卫着自己的领土和权利，所以B选项‘以色列人非常爱国，随时准备捍卫他们的归属权利’正确。

4.推理判断题。本题询问作者认为自己的以色列十天游的感受如何。A选项意为“无意义和无聊的”；B选项意为“冒险的和刺激的”；C选项意为“令人难以置信和扑朔迷离的”；D选项意为“影响深刻且受益匪浅的”。根据原文最后一段内容"Icameoutofmytripwithdatesandhistoryandpassionatespeechesrattlingaroundinmyhead,lesssurethaneverwhoshouldhaverightful'ownership,oftheland.旅行结束后，我脑子里满是日期、历史和激动人心的演讲，比以往任何时候都不确定谁应该拥有这片土地的合法所有权。”确定D选项正确。

4.单选题

Belyinghisearlierreputationfor（

）asanegotiator,Morganhadrecentlyassumedamore（

）stanceforwhichmanyofhiserstwhilecriticspraisedhim.

问题1选项

A.inflexibility...unreasonable

B.impropriety...oscillatory

C.intransigence...tolerant

D.success...authoritative

【答案】C

【解析】名词和形容词词义辨析。A选项的inflexibility“不屈性，顽固”；unreasonable“不合理的，不公正的”；B选项的impropriety“不合适，不恰当”；oscillatory“振动的，动摇的，变动的"；C选项的intransigence“不妥协，强硬”；tolerant“忍受的，容忍的，宽容的”；D选项的success“成功，胜利”；authoritative“命令式的，专断的，权威式的”。根据句意‘与他先前亳不让步的谈判者的声誉相反，摩根近来采取了一种更为缓和的立场，所以许多他先前的批判者转而称赞他’确定C选项正确。

5.单选题

Antarcticahasactuallybecomeakindofspacestation---auniqueobservationpostfordetectingimportantchangesintheworld'senvironment.Remotefrommajorsourcesofpollutionandthecomplexgeologicalandecologicalsystemsthatprevailelsewhere,Antarcticamakespossiblescientificmeasurementsthatareoftensharperandeasiertointerpretthanthosemadeinotherpartsoftheworld.

GrowingnumbersofscientiststhereforeseeAntarcticaasauniqueobservationdistant-early-warningsensor,wherepotentiallydangerousglobaltrendsmaybespottedbeforetheyshowuptothenorth.Onepromisingfieldofinvestigationisglaciology.ScholarsfromtheUnitedStates,Switzerland,andFrancearepursuingsevenseparatebutrelatedprojectsthatreflecttheirconcernforthehealthoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet,aconcerntheybelievetheworldatlargeshouldshare.

TheTransantarcticMountain,someofthemmorethan14,000feethigh,dividethecontinentintotwoverydifferentregions.Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east”ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.

Whileiceandsnowareobviouslycentraltomanyenvironmentalexperiments,othersfocusonthemysterious"dryvalley"ofAntarctica,valleysthatcontainlittleiceorsnoweveninthedepthsofwinter.SlashedthroughthemountainsofsouthernVictoriaLand,thesevalleysonceheldenormousglaciersthatdescended9,000feetfromthepolarplateautotheRossSea.Nowtheglaciersaregone,perhapsacasualtyoftheglobalwarmingtrendduringthe10,000yearssincetheiceage.Eventhesnowthatfallsinthedryvalleysisblastedoutbyviciouswindsthatroardownfromthepolarplateautothesea.Leftbarearespectaculargorges,rippledfieldsofsanddunes,clustersofboulderssculpturedintofantasticshapesby100-mile-an-hourwinds,andanauraofextraterrestrialdesolation.

Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.Somescientistsbelievethatinsomecasesthedryvalleysmaysoakuppollutantsfasterthanpollutantsenterthem.

1.WhatisthepointtheauthormadeinParagraphOne?

2.HowareeastandwestofTransantarcticMountaindifferentfromeachother?

3.WhatwouldtheresultbeiftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared?

4.Whichofthefollowingaboutdryvalleysistrue?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.AntarcticaisaspacestationestablishedbyUSA.

B.Antarcticaimitatesworldenvironment.

C.Antarcticahasseriouspollutions.

D.Antarcticaisabetterplacetodocertainscientificresearch.

问题2选项

A.Eastsideiswarmerthanwestside.

B.Eastsideismorethan14000feethigh.

C.Iceineastsideisabovesealevel.

D.Iceinwestsideisabovesealevel.

问题3选项

A.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbedisappeared.

B.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereduced.

C.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbecomescatteredIslands.

D.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoaclusterofIslands.

问题4选项

A.theyhavenothingleftinsideandbecomesdiscarded.

B.theymaybethehopeofenvironmentalproblemsinourplanet.

C.theyneverheldglaciersinitslonghistory.

D.Theyareuselesstoscientistsasnothingisleftbehind.

问题5选项

A.Antarctica:Earth'sEarly-Warningstation..

B.AntarcticaandenvironmentalProblems.

C.Antarctica:aUniqueObservationPost.

D.Antarctica:aMysteriousPlace.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者在第1段中提出了什么要点？’文章第一段大意是“南极洲实际上已经成为一种太空站：一个独特的观测站，用来探测世界环境的变化。南极洲远离污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在着复杂的地质和生态环境，所以，这里可以得到更敏锐又易解释的科学测量结果。”所以作者提出的要点是D选项“南极洲是进行某些科学研究的更好之地”。

2.细节事实题。题目提问‘跨南极山脉的东西有何不同？’根据文章第三段中第二句和第三句“Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east"ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.山脉“东部”的大陆部分是一个被近两英里厚的冰原覆盖的高原。在山脉的“西部”，美洲南部大陆的一半也被冰原覆盖，但是那里的冰主要是在低于海平面的岩石上。”确定C选项“东部的冰高于海平面”正确。

3.细节事实题。题目提问‘如果南极西部冰盾消失，结果会是什么？’根据文章第三段中最后一句“IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.如果南极西部冰盖消失，大陆西部将会变成一个稀疏的岛屿群。”确定D选项“大陆西部成为一群岛屿”正确。

4.细节事实题。题目提问‘关于干河谷，下列哪个是真的？’根据文章第五段第一句“Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.尽管这些干谷看上去不像地球，但一些科学家认为，它们可能为地球上青翠的地方带来了希望。”确定B选项“他们可能为地球上绿色地区带来了希望的信息”正确。

5.主旨大意题。题目提问‘这篇文章最适合的标题是？’文章谈论南极洲科研考察的重要性，以及介绍其相关的环境特色和问题，所以B选项“南极洲和环境问题”是最适合的标题。

6.单选题

Onewayofgettingaclearperspectiveonthosecrimesandcriminalscausinginjury,anddeprivationisto（

）unreported,unrecorded,andnon-prosecutedcrimes.

问题1选项

A.excavate

B.shatter

C.stipulate

D.relegate

【答案】A

【解析】A选项“挖掘，开凿”；B选项“粉碎，毁坏”；C选项“规定，约定”；D选项“把……降级，交付”；根据句意‘对于造成人身伤害和剥夺的犯罪行为和犯罪分子获得清晰认识的一个方法是挖掘未经报道的、未记录下来的以及未被起诉的犯罪行为’确定A选项正确。

7.单选题

Allthepublicfacilitiesrequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiringmoremoneythan,（

）throughtaxesalone.

问题1选项

A.raised

B.israised

C.toraise

D.raising

【答案】B

【解析】从句中的省略。分析句子意思‘如果我们想要所有的公共设施更好地我们服务，就需要不断投入新的设备和进行改善，所以单独由税收所筹集的钱是远远不够的’和结构可知，如果将此处还原成完整的句子应为requiringmoremoneythanitisraisedthroughtaxedalone,从句中省略了主语it，B选项正确。

8.单选题

Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience.（

）,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunity.

问题1选项

A.Nevertheless

B.Then

C.Besides

D.Asaresult

【答案】A

【解析】连词词义辨析。分析四个选项可知，所提供的四个选项均为从句的连接词，因此要先分析两句之间的关系。根据句意‘在科学上专业人员与业余科研人员之间并没有明确的分界线。然而，“业余”这个词的确有这样一个含义，即相关人员无法完全融入这一科学领域。’可知前后两句之间是转折的关系，B选项then表示承接关系；D选项asaresult表示因果关系，与此不符，排除；C选项besides表示“除此之外还有”，是意思上的一种递进，不符，排除，A选项nevertheless“然而，不过，虽然如此”正确。

9.单选题

Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen（

）totheextentthattheynolonger（

）ecologists.

问题1选项

A.perfected;hinder

B.exhausted;interest

C.prolonged;require

D.prevented;challenge

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。先看第一空，perfect“使…完美（完善）”；exhaust“耗尽，排出”；prolong“延长，拖延”；prevent“阻止，妨碍”依据关键词study和表示程度的totheextent以及整个句子的意思‘迄今为止，还没有任何植物类型或生态系统，人们对它们的研宄能达到如此详尽无遗的地步，以至于它不再能够引起生态学家的兴趣’可以推断出此处应该填“exhausted”；再看第二次，hinder“阻碍，妨碍”；interest“使感兴趣，使关心”；require“要求，命令”；challenge“向…挑战”；依据句意可以推断出此处应该填interest,所以B选项正确。

10.单选题

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn'tbebadeither,butthatwon'thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?Allreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeating,andexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat-orevenonlysomewhatoverweight-isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor（

）.

2.Intheeyesoftheauthor,andoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistorypeople’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.What’stheauthor'sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

5.Theauthorcriticizeswomen'sobsessionwiththinness（

）.

问题1选项

A.hastoseekhelpformrichdistantrelatives.

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack.

C.hastogoonadiet.

D.hastowearhighlyfashionableclothes.

问题2选项

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue.

B.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality.

C.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune.

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous.

问题3选项

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime.

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich.

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards.

问题4选项

A.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

问题5选项

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective.

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview.

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint.

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问‘受流行趋势的影响，作者做什么？’根据文章第二段中第二句“Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.我自己也有穿窄身名牌服装的幻想。因此，在我的生活中，无论好坏，我都在节食。”确定C选项“不得不节食”正确。

2.细节事实题。题目提问‘在作者看来，现在奇怪的现象是什么？’根据第一段“Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.女人不能太有钱也不能太瘦。这句话经常被认为是已故温莎公爵夫人说的，它体现了我们这个时代的许多古怪精神。苗条被认为是一种美德。”以及根据第四段中“Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.今天情况正好相反。我们已经把瘦变成了美德的新标志。”可知，作者认为现在奇怪的现象是B选项“苗条被认为是一种非常理想的品质”。

3.推理判断题。题目提问‘人类历史上人们对体重的看法？’根据文章第三段最后一句“Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.在一些宗教团体中，财富是救赎和高尚道德的象征，而肥胖则是财富和幸福的象征。”确定A选项“与他们的宗教信仰密切相关”正确。

4.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者对那些专注于瘦身的女性有什么忠告？’根据文章倒数第二段中“...inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.在许多情况下，肥胖与增加心血管疾病的风险息息相关。不过除了超重，这些疾病也同样与我们的生活方式及高脂肪饮食习惯有很大关系。患消化系统癌症的相关风险可能更主要是饮食而非体重问题——食物高脂肪低纤维。”以及最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.如果那些瘦人认为他们自然而然就可保持健康，从而不注意总体生活方式，实际上会很危险。”可知作者提出肥胖、生活方式与疾病的关系，确定D选项“他们应该更加关注他们的整体生活方式”符合要求。

5.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者从什么方面批评了女性对瘦身的痴迷？’根据最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.如果那些变瘦的人(或已经变瘦的人)认为他们天生就健康，因此不关注他们的整体生活方式，这实际上是危险的。瘦可以是纯粹的虚荣。”确定作者从健康方面和虚荣心方面批评了女性对瘦身的痴迷，B选项正确。

11.单选题

Becauseoftherevolt,theGeneralassumed（

）asdictatorialrole.

问题1选项

A.itwasdescribedthen

B.thatwasdescribedatthattime

C.whatwasdescribedatthattime

D.whichwasdescribedatthattime

【答案】C

【解析】what引导宾语从句的用法。句意：因为这场叛乱，这位上将在那段时间的所作所为被认定为是独裁。分析句子可知assumed为句子的谓语，后面的部分作宾语从句，而从句中what又作wasdescribed的主语部分，这是what的特殊用法，有双重作用，故选C选项正确。

12.单选题

Althoughskepticssayfinancialproblemswillprobably（

）ourestablishingabaseontheMoon,supportersoftheprojectremain（

）,sayingthathumancuriosityshouldovercomesuchpragmaticconstraints.

问题1选项

A.beset...disillusioned

B.postpone...pessimistic

C.prevent...enthusiastic

D.allow...unconvinced

【答案】C

【解析】动词和形容词辨析题。A选项beset“困扰，镶嵌，围绕”；disillusioned“醒悟的，幻想破灭的”；B选项postpone“推迟，延迟，延缓”；pessimistic“悲观主义的”;C选项prevent“预防，防止，阻止”；enthusiastic“热心的，热情的”;D选项allow“考虑”；unconvinced“不能令人信服的，怀疑的”。根据句意‘尽管反对者认为在月球上建立一个基地会受到经济问题的阻挠，然而这个项目的支持者仍然保持热情，认为人类的好奇心应该克服这种务实的约束。’C选项正确

13.单选题

JosephHellerisagreatnovelistwhohasthrilledthousandsofleaders,（

）manyAmericanaccomplishednovelistskneelathisfeetandcan'thelpsinginghispraises.

问题1选项

A.inthat

B.somuchsothat

C.since

D.while

【答案】B

【解析】连词词义辨析题。A选项的inthat“因为，由于，既然”；B选项的somuchsothat“到这样程度以至于……，甚至”；C选项的since通常用于现在完成时态，表示“自从……”；D选项的while“当……时候，然而……”。根据句意‘约瑟夫•海勒是个伟大的小说家，震惊了成千上万的领导人，甚至很多美国著名的小说家都臣服于他的才华，情不自禁地赞扬他’确定B选项正确。

14.单选题

Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen（

）totheextentthattheynolongerecologists

问题1选项

A.erest

B.perfected...hinder

C.diverted...arouse

D.vetoed...irritate

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析题。exhaust“排出，耗尽，使精疲力尽，详尽论述”；interest“使感兴趣，使关心，使注意，使参与，使有利害关系”；B选项的perfect“使……完美（完善）”；hinder“阻碍，妨碍，成为阻碍”；C选项的divert“使转向，使绕道，转移（某人）的注意力，使分心”；arouse“激起，引起（感情、态度），唤醒某人，激发，行动起来“；D选项的veto“否决，禁止，反对”；irritate“刺激，使兴奋，激怒”。根据句意‘迄今为止，还没有任何植物类型或生态系统，人们对它们的研宄能达到如此详尽无遗的地步，以致它不再能够引起生态学家的兴趣’确定A选项正确。

15.单选题

Intheirlettertothestudents’representativeassembly,thefreshmeninsistedon（

）intheStudentUnion.

问题1选项

A.representing

B.beingrepresented

C.havingrepresented

D.havingbeenrepresented

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。根据句意‘在给学生代表大会的信中，新生坚持在学生会中设置学生代表’thefreshmen应该是被动，用berepresented而insiston后必须用动名词，所以用beingrepresented，B选项正确。

16.单选题

MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsofforceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime.Intheensuing350yearsanestimated50millionresearchpapersandinnumerablebookshavebeenpublishedinthenaturalsciencesandmathematics.ThemodemhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid.Yetsciencetomanypeopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts.

Onewayscientistshavetriedtocopewiththismountainisbybecomingmoreandmorespecialized.Anotherstrategyforcopingwiththemountainofinformationistolargelyignoreit.Thatshouldn’tcomeasasurprise.Sure,youhavetoknowalottobeascientist,butknowingalotisnotwhatmakesascientist.Whatmakesascientistisignorance.Thismaysoundridiculous,butforscientiststhefactsarejustastartingplace.Inscience,everynewdiscoveryraises10newquestions.

Bythiscalculus,ignorancewillalwaysgrowfastertheknowledge.Scientistsandlaypeoplealikewouldagreethatforallwehavecometoknow,thereisfarmorewedon'tknow.Moreimportant,everydaythereisfarmoreweknowwedon'tknow.Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.Thisgetstotheessenceofwhatscientistsdo-theymakedistinctionsbetweenqualitiesofignorance.Theydoitingrantproposalsandoverbeersatmeetings.AsJamesClerkMaxwell,probablythegreatestphysicistbetweenNewtonandEinstein,said,"Thoroughlyconsciousignorance....isapreludetoeveryrealadvanceinknowledge.

Thisperspectiveonscience-thatitisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers-shouldcomeassomethingofarelief.Itmakessciencelessthreateningandfarmorefriendlyandinfact,fun.Sciencebecomesaseriesofelegantpuzzlesandpuzzleswithinpuzzles-andwhodoesn’tlikepuzzles?Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings.

LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.Butifscientistswouldtalkaboutthequestions,andifthemediareportednotonlyonnewdiscoveriesbutthequestionstheyansweredandthenewpuzzlestheycreated,andifeducatorsstoppedtraffickinginfactsthatarealreadyavailableonWikipedia-thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations.

1.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedinthispassage?

2.Whyisitareliefthatscienceisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers?

3.Theexpression"takeabackseat"inparagraph5probablymeans（

）.

4.Whatistheauthor’sgreatestconcerninthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Ascientistisamasterofknowledge.

B.Knowledgegeneratesbetterignorance.

C.Ignoranceisasignoflackofeducation.

D.Goodscientistsarethoroughlyignorant.

问题2选项

A.Becausepeoplelikesolvingpuzzles.

B.Becausequestionsmakescienceaccessible.

C.Becausetherearemorequestionsthananswers.

D.Becausequestionspointthewaytodeepanswers.

问题3选项

A.takeabackplace.

B.haveadifferentrole.