2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国传媒大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号11

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国传媒大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Ourneighborshangtheirchildren'sframeddiplomasin（）placesonthewallofthesettingroom.

问题1选项

A.brilliant

B.respective

C.conspicuous

D.remarkable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项brilliant表示“绝妙的；杰出的；聪颖的；明亮的”，B选项respective表示“分别的，各自的”，C选项conspicuous表示“显著的，显而易见的”，D选项remarkable表示“非凡的；卓越的；值得注意的”。由句意可知，我们邻居把他们孩子的文凭框挂在客厅墙上显眼的地方。因此，C选项conspicuous符合语境，故本题正确答案为C选项。

2.单选题

ThereisacertaininevitabilitythatebooksaleshavenowovertakenpaperbacksalesonAmazon’sUSsite.Amazon’sKindle2issolightandsocheapthatit’seasytoseewhypeoplehaverushedtobuyit.ThoughI’mstillnotkeenonthedesignoftheKindle,itisavastimprovementonitspredecessorandcertainlytolerable.Beyondthedeviceitself,AmazonhasdoneagreatjobofrollingoutKindleapps,ensuringthatpeoplelikeme—whohaveaniPadbutnotaKindle—canstilljoininthefun.Onceyou’reintotheKindleecosystem,Amazonlocksyouintightly—justasAppledoeswithitsiTunes/iPodecosystem.It’ssoeasytobuyfromAmazon’sstoreandthebooksaresocheapthatit’snotworththeeffortofgoingelsewhere.

WhileIremainopposedtoAmazon’sDRM（数字版权管理）—indeed,I’mopposedtoDRMonanyebooks—IhavetoadmitthattheimplementationissosmooththatmostKindleuserswon’tcareatallthattheirebookscan’tbemovedtootherdevices.

Theebooktrendisnowherenearpeaking.Overthenextfiveyearswecanexpecttoseemoreandmorereadersmoveawayfromprintedbooksandpickupebooksinstead.ButIdon’tthinkthatwillmeanthedeathoftheprintedbook.

Therearesomewhopreferprintedbooks.Theylikehavingshelvesfilledwithbooksthey’vereadandbookstheyplantoread;theylikethefeelofthebookintheirhandsandthedifferentweightsandtypefacesandlayoutsofdifferenttitles.Inotherwords,theylikethephysicalformofthebookalmostasmuchasthewordsitcontains.

Icansympathizewiththosepeople.AsIwroteearlierthisweek,myidealsituationwouldbeforpublisherstobundleebookswithprintedones—inmuchthesamewaythatfilmstudiosbundleDVDswithdigitalcopiesoffilms.There'snoreasontothinkthatloversofprintedbookswillchangetheirminds.Therewillundoubtedlybefewerofthemastimegoesbybecausemorepeoplewillgrowupwithebooksandspendlittletimewithprintedones.However,justastherearepeoplewholovevinylrecords（黑胶唱片）,eveniftheywerebornwellintotheCDera,therewillstillbeadedicatedminoritywholovephysicalbooks.

Sincetherearefewerofthesepeople,thatwillmeanfewerbookshopsandhigherpricesforprintedbooks,butIdon’tthinkthepictureisentirelybleak.Thereisscopeforsmallerprintrunsoflavishlydesignedprintedbooksandbookshopsaimedatbooklovers,ratherthantheStiegLarsson-readingmasses.Withmainstreamreadersoutoftheprintedbookmarket,bookloversmightevenfindtheygetabetterexperience.

1.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhytheauthoropposestoAmazon’sDRMisthat（）.

3.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatthetrendofebooks（）.

4.Whydoestheauthorbelievethatthesurgingsalesofbookswon’tmeanthedeathoftheprintedbook?

5.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthefutureofprintedbooks?

问题1选项

A.MostpeoplebuyKindle2mainlybecauseofitslowprice.

B.TheauthorofthepassageisaloyalcustomerofAppleproducts.

C.Amazon’sKindle2surpassedKindle1indesigning.

D.Thesalesofebooksoutnumberedthoseofprintedbooksintheglobalmarket.

问题2选项

A.ebookscanonlybepurchasedonA

B.theimplementationofebooksisverycomplicated

C.onceimplementation,ebookscan’tbetransferredtootherequipment

D.ebooksinstalledonKindle2can’tbeeditedfreely

问题3选项

A.willcometostopanytimesoon

B.willmeetitsheydaywhenprintedbooksdie

C.willreachthesummitinthenearfuture

D.hasalreadyreacheditspeak

问题4选项

A.Becauseaminoritywillsticktotheirloveofprintedbooks.

B.Becausethemajorityofbookloverswon’tchangetheirminds.

C.Becausepeoplealwaysholdnostalgicfeelingstowardsprintedbooks.

D.Becausepeoplewillreturntoprintedbooksastimegoesby.

问题5选项

A.Theywillbebundledwithebooks.

B.Theywillnolongerbeavailableinthemarket.

C.Theywillbesoldinsmallquantityandhighquality.

D.Theywillberedesignedtocatertothemasses.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.判断推理题。选项A“大部分人购买Kindle2主要是因为它的价格很低”，原文说的是“Amazon’sKindle2issolightandsocheapthatit’seasytoseewhypeoplehaverushedtobuyit.”提到了两个原因，也并没有提及便宜是最主要的原因，所以选项A表述不符合原文；选项B“作者是苹果产品的忠实顾客”，原文只是提及作者拥有iPad，并不能说明作者是其忠实的顾客，所以不正确；选项C“亚马逊Kindle2在设计上比Kindle1要好”，根据第一段第三句“ThoughI’mstillnotkeenonthedesignoftheKindle,itisavastimprovementonitspredecessorandcertainlytolerable.虽然我仍然对Kindle的设计不感兴趣，但它相比之前的版本有了很大的改进，而且肯定还过得去。”所以选项C正确；选项D“在全球市场上，电子书的销量超过了印刷书籍”，根据第一段第一句可知，只是在美国如此，并不是全球市场，所以选项D不正确。只有选项C符合原文。

第2题:2.细节事实题。根据题干中的关键词“Amazon’sDRM”定位到第二段的内容：“虽然我仍然反对亚马逊的数字版权管理——事实上，我反对在任何电子书上使用数字版权管理——但我不得不承认，它的安装使用是如此顺畅，以至于大多数Kindle用户根本不会在乎他们的电子书不能转移到其他设备上”。由此可知，一旦DRM安装使用，电子书就不能转移到其他设备上，选项C符合原文。

第3题:3.判断推理题。根据第三段的内容“电子书的趋势还远未达巅峰。在接下来的5年时间里，我们有望看到越来越多的读者抛弃纸质书而选择电子书。”由此可知，电子书的趋势在不远的将来会达到顶峰。选项C正确。

第4题:4.细节事实题。根据第五段的最后一句“However,justastherearepeoplewholovevinylrecords,eveniftheywerebornwellintotheCDera,therewillstillbeadedicatedminoritywholovephysicalbooks.然而，就像有些人喜欢黑胶唱片，即使他们出生在CD的时代，所以仍然会有特定的少数人喜欢纸质书。”所以选项A符合原文。

第5题:5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的内容“由于这样的人越来越少，这就意味着书店会越来越少，纸质书的价格也会越来越高，但我不认为前景会完全黯淡。设计奢华的小型印刷书籍和书店仍有发展空间……”由此可知，它们（纸质书）将以小批量高质量的方式销售。选项C符合原文。

3.单选题

BydrinkingtoomuchCoke,herteethwereruinedandshehadtowearasetof（）teethatthirty.

问题1选项

A.supernatural

B.superficial

C.artificial

D.superstitious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。supernatural“超自然的，神奇的，不可思议的”；superficial“表面的，肤浅的”；artificial“人造的，仿造的，虚伪的”；superstitious“迷信的”。根据关键词ruined可知他的牙已经毁坏了，因此需要戴假牙，选项C符合题意。句意：由于喝了太多可乐，她的牙齿被毁坏了，不得不三十岁就戴上了假牙。

4.单选题

Manydifficultieshave（）asaresultofthechangetoanewtypeoffuel.

问题1选项

A.risen

B.arisen

C.raised

D.arrived

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项risen表示“攀升；升起”；B选项arisen表示“出现；上升”，不及物动词；C选项raised表示“提高；筹集；养育”；D选项arrived“到达”。从词性及词义判断，只有B选项arisen符合要求。句意：由于改用了一种新型燃料，许多困难出现了。

5.单选题

Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,（）trafficdelays.

问题1选项

A.acknowledging

B.affording

C.allowingfor

D.accountingfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。acknowledge表示“承认，答谢”；afford表示“提供，供应得起”；allowfor“考虑到；顾及”；accountfor“对……负有责任”。句意：考虑到交通拥堵，我们到火车站可能需要20分钟。

6.单选题

He（）threehoursinthesnowtogetbackhome.

问题1选项

A.trudged

B.grudged

C.judged

D.fudged

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项trudge“跋涉”；B选项grudge“（因不满而）不愿意给（或允许）”；C选项judge“判断；猜测（大小、数量等）”；D选项fudge“含糊其辞，模糊处理；回避。句意：他在雪中跋涉三个钟头才回到家。因此A项符合句意。

7.单选题

Humansareuniquelysmartamongalltheotherspeciesontheplanet.Wearecapableofoutstandingfeatsoftechnologyandengineering.Thenwhyarewesopronetomakingmistakes?Andwhydowetendtomakethesameonestimeandtimeagain?WhenPrimatePsychologistLaurieSantosformtheComparativeCognitionLabatYaleUniversityposedthisquestiontoherteam,theywerethinkinginparticularoftheerrorsofjudgmentwhichledtotherecentcollapseofthefinancialmarkets.Santoscametotwopossibleanswerstothisquestion.Eitherhumanshavedesignedenvironmentswhicharetoocomplexforustofullyunderstand,orwearebiologicallypronetomakingbaddecisions.

Inordertotestthesetheories,theteamselectedagroupofBrownCapuchinmonkeys.Monkeyswereselectedforthetestbecause,asdistantrelativesofhumans,theyareintelligentandhavethecapacitytolearn.However,theyarenotinfluencedbyanyofthetechnologicalorculturalenvironmentswhichaffecthumandecision-making.TheteamwantedtotestwhethertheCapuchinmonkeys,whenputintosimilarsituationsashumans,wouldmakethesamemistakes.

Ofparticularinteresttothescientistswaswhethermonkeyswouldmakethesamemistakeswhenmakingfinancialdecisions.Inordertofindout,theyhadtointroducethemoneystomoney.Themonkeyssooncottonedon,andaswellaslearningsimpleexchangetechniques,weresoonabletodistinguish“bargains”—Ifoneteam—memberofferedtwograpesinexchangeforametaldiscandanotherteam-memberofferedonegrape,themonkeyschosethetwo-grapeoption.Interestingly,whenthedateaboutthemonkey’spurchasingstrategieswascomparedwitheconomist’sdataonhumanbehaviour,therewasasperfectmatch.

So,afterestablishingthatthemonkeymarketwasoperatingeffectively,theteamdecidedtointroducesomeproblemswhichhumansgenerallygetwrong.Oneoftheseissuesisrisk-taking.Imaginethatsomeonegaveyou$1000.Inadditiontothis$1000,youcanreceiveeitherA）anadditional$500orB）someonetossesacoinandifitlands“heads”youreceiveanadditional$1000,butifitlands“tails”youreceivenomoremoney.Oftheseoptions,mostpeopletendtochooseoptionA.Theypreferguaranteedearnings,ratherthanrunningtheriskofreceivingnothing.Nowimagineasecondsituationinwhichyouaregiven$2000.Now,youcanchoosetoeitherA）lose$500,leavingyouwithatotalof$1500,orB）tossacoin;ifitland“heads”youlosenothing,butifitlands“tails”youlose$1000,leavingyouwithonly$1000.Interestingly,whenwestandtolosemoney,wetendtochoosethemoreriskychoice,optionB.Andasweknowfromtheexperienceoffinancialinvestorsandgamblers,itisunwisetotakeriskswhenweareonalosingstreak.

Sowouldthemonkeysmakethesamebasicerrorofjudgment?Theteamputthemtothetestbygivingthemsimilaroptions.Inthefirsttest,monkeyshadtheoptionofexchangingtheirdiscforonegrapeandreceivingonebonusgrape,orexchangingthegrapeforonegrapeandsometimesreceivingtwobonusgrapesandsometimesreceivingnobonus.Itturnedoutthatmonkeys,likehuman,chosethelessriskyoptionintimesofplenty.Thentheexperimentwasreversed.Monkeyswereofferedtheregrapes,butinoptionAwereonlyactuallygiventwograpes.InoptionB,theyhadafifty-fiftychanceofreceivingallthreegrapesoronegrapeonly.Theresultswerethatmonkeys,likehumans,takemorerisksintimesofloss.

Theimplicationsofthisexperimentarethatbecausemonkeysmakethesameirrationaljudgementsthathumansdo,maybehumanerrorisnotaresultofthecomplexityofourfinancialinstitutions,butisimbeddedinourevolutionaryhistory.Itthisisthecase,ourerrorsofjudgementwillbeverydifficulttoovercome.Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem.Byrecognisingthem,wecandesigntechnologieswhichwillhelpustomakebetterchoicesinfuture.

1.Whatwastheaimoftheexperimentoutlinedabove?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthebestparaphraseofthehighlightedsentence?Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem.

3.Thewords“cottonedon“areclosestinmeaningto（）.

4.Whichparagraphaddresseswhymoneyswerechosenfortheexperiment?

5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutLaurieSantos?

问题1选项

A.Toinvestigatewhethermonkeyscouldlearntousemoney.

B.Toinvestigatewherehumanmistakescomefrom.

C.Tofindoutwhetheritisbettertotakerisksintimesofloss.

D.Todeterminewhethermonkeysmakemoremistakesthanhumans.

问题2选项

A.Hopefully,humanswillsoonbeabletosolvetheseproblems.

B.Fortunately,humanscansolveproblemsthatweknowabout.

C.Luckily,humansdonothavemanylimitationswhichhavebeenidentified.

D.Wearehappytonotethatwecansolvetheproblemwhichwehaveidentified.

问题3选项

A.learnt

B.knew

C.completed

D.concluded

问题4选项

A.Paragraph2

B.Paragraph3

C.Paragraph4

D.Paragraph5

问题5选项

A.Shethinksthatbothhumansandmonkeysaregreedy.

B.Herjobfrequentlyinvolvesworkingwithmonkeys.

C.Shebelievesthathumansshouldnevertakerisks.

D.Sheprefersmonkeystohumans.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.细节题。由题干关键词定位到文章第一、二段“Thenwhyarewesopronetomakingmistakes?Andwhydowetendtomakethesameonestimeandtimeagain?”为什么我们如此容易犯错误？为什么我们会一次又一次地犯同样的错误？“Eitherhumanshavedesignedenvironmentswhicharetoocomplexforustofullyunderstand,orwearebiologicallypronetomakingbaddecisions”，要么是人类设计的环境过于复杂以至于我们无法完全理解，要么是我们在生理上容易做出错误的决定。第二段“Inordertotestthesetheories,theteamselectedagroupofBrownCapuchinmonkeys”，为了验证这些理论，研究小组选择了一组棕色卷尾猴来做实验。由此可知，选项A“为了研究猴子是否能学会用钱”，选项C“为了弄清楚在有损失的时候冒险是否更好”，选项D“为了确定猴子是否比人类犯更多的错误”均与文章不符，因此B选项正确。

第2题:2.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章最后一段“Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem”，然而，从更乐观的角度来看，一旦我们确定了局限性，人类就完全有能力克服它们。由此可知，选项A“希望人类不久就能解决这些问题”，选项B“幸运的是，人类能够解决我们所知道的问题”，选项D“我们很高兴地注意到，我们可以解决我们所确定的问题”均与文章不符，因此C选项正确。

第3题:3.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段“Themonkeyssooncottonedon,andaswellaslearningsimpleexchangetechniques”，猴子们很快就适应了，并且也学会了简单的交流技巧。由此可知，选项B“了解，知道”，选项C“完成”，选项D“包含”都与题干不符，因此A选项正确。

第4题:4.细节事实题。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段“Monkeyswereselectedforthetestbecause,asdistantrelativesofhumans,theyareintelligentandhavethecapacitytolearn”，猴子被选为测试对象，因为它们是人类的远亲，它们是聪明的，并且有学习的能力。由此可知，题干所表述的“哪一段提到为什么选择猴子进行实验?”应为第二段，因此A选项正确。

第5题:5.推理判断题。由题干关键词可知，这题需要对整篇文章进行分析总结。文章讲述为了查出人类为什么易于犯错，以及易于犯同样错误的原因，研究团队找来了一群猴子做实验，而实验的结果表明，猴子也会做出与人类同样的选择，并且在做选择时受到一定外部条件的限制。由此可知，选项A“她认为人类和猴子都是贪婪的”，选项B“她的工作经常与猴子打交道”，选项D“与人类相比，她更喜欢猴子”文章均未提及，因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Ijustlearntfrom’'InterculturalEducation"coursethatanEnglishmanseldom（）aconversationamongstrangers.

问题1选项

A.breaksdown

B.givesriseto

C.initiates

D.resumes

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词和词组。A选项breakdown表示“分解，发生故障”，B选项giveriseto表示“使发生，引起”，C选项initiates表示“启动，开始”，D选项resume表示“重新开始，重新回到，重新占用”。由句意可知，我刚从“跨文化教育”课程中了解到，英国人很少与陌生人对话。空缺处单词需与conversation构成动宾短语，表示“发起会话”，因此只有initiate最符合语境，故本题正确答案为C选项。

9.单选题

Successfulpeoplealwaysmake（）preparationforanypotentialsetbacks.

问题1选项

A.adequate

B.urgent

C.abrupt

D.final

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。adequate“充足的”；urgent“紧急的，紧迫的”;abrupt“生硬的，唐突的”；final“最终的，决定性的”。根据preparation“准备”与potentialsetbacks“潜在的挫折”，可知选项A符合题意。句意：成功的人总会为潜在失败做好充足的准备。

10.单选题

Thereisno（）whateverforthemannerinwhichyoubehavedfoolishlyattheEnglishparty.

问题1选项

A.jurisdiction

B.justification

C.judgment

D.junction

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项jurisdiction“司法权，审判权，管辖权；权限”；B选项justification“理由；辩护；认为有理”；C选项judgment“判断；裁判；判决书”；D选项junction“连接；交叉点；接合点”。句意：你在英语晚会上的愚蠢行为根本就没有……。此处表示“愚蠢行为”是无理的，B选项符合句意要求。

11.单选题

Theshipwas（）inastormoffJamaica.

问题1选项

A.owned

B.sunk

C.wrecked

D.submitted

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。此处考查的是动词过去分词形式作为形容词使用的词义，A选项owned“自身拥有的”；B选项sunk“凹陷的；低沉的；失去希望的”；C选项wrecked“失事的”；D选项submitted“屈服的”。句意：这艘船在牙买加附近的风暴中……。“风暴”与“船”联系在一起，符合常理的就是“失事”了，C选项正确。

12.单选题

Themultinationalcorporationwasmakingatake-over（）forapropertycompany.

问题1选项

A.application

B.bid

C.proposal

D.suggestion

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。application“应用，申请”;bid“出价，投标”；proposal“提议，建议，求婚”；suggestion“建议，暗示”。makeabidfor“竞拍，投标”，因此选项B符合题意。句意：这家跨国公司正在为接管一家房地产公司而竞标。

13.单选题

The（）totheCollinsfortunewillbeamillionairewhenMr.Collinsdies.

问题1选项

A.winner

B.heir

C.descendant

D.peer

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。winner“胜利者”；heir“继承人”；descendant“后裔，子孙”;peer“贵族，同龄人”。根据whenMr.Collinsdies可知空格处是“继承人”，选项B符合题意。句意：柯林斯先生去世后，他的继承人将成为百万富翁。

14.单选题

Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobeunderstoodtosharethesamemeaning.Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.Nevertheless,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness（andtime）,itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.

Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1）Thetestwashard.2）Thetestwasdifficult.Isthedifferencebetweenthesesynonymsreadilyapparent?Isthereanoticeabledifferencebetweenthematall?Indeed,thesequestionsarevalidandwarrantanswer.For,whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

So,ifthereisindeedatdifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,whatisit?Tobegin,“hard”ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,“difficult”iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.Why,themeredifferenceinsonicqualitybetweenthemisstrikingenough.“Hard”makesaquick,unassumingsound,havingbutasinglesyllable（voicedundercertaininflections,itcanevencomeacrossasharsh）,while“difficult”ismorelengthyandmelodic,itsnumberofsyllablestotalingthreetimesthatofitscounterpart.Furthermore,“hard”ismorelikelytobeusedincasual,informalcircumstances,ortocommunicateanidea“onthego”orsimplyto“getitout”asthesayingsgo.Itisusedwithoutpretense,anddoesnotmaintainafeelingofbeingoverlyconcerned.Intermsofdailyusage,“hard”maybeemployedbyanexhaustedbrickmasonwhenposedwiththequestion,“Howwasyourday?”Conversely,“difficult”maybeusedbyamilitarygeneraluponexplainingtohisorhersuperiortheprogressionofaparticularlytaxingcampaign.

Similarto“hard”and“difficult”,thewords“weird”and“strange”tooareclosesynonyms,andmayseeminglybeusedinterchangeably.Takeforinstancethefollowingsentences:1）Seamonkeysareweird.2）Seamonkeysarestrange.Contrarytopopularbelief,thesesentencesarenottautologous.Sohowdotheydiffer?Theirdictionarydefinitionsarenearlyidentical,sothedifferencedoesnotliethere.Rather,thedifferenceinvolvesthefeeling,ormood,thatthesewordsconvey.Noticethatwhile“weird”and“strange”bothhavebutonesyllable,thelatterhasaremarkablydistinguishedfeel.Similarto“hard”,“weird”conveysamorebasic,amorecrude,sentiment.Something“weird”iscrassorgross,andistypicallyundesirable.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething“weird”.Iftryingtoimpresssomeone,oneprobablydoesn’twanttobecategorizedamongthe“weird”.Ontheotherhand,ifsomethingislabeledas“strange”,itisnotnecessarilybad.Rather,something“strange”issimplyabnormal,orunusual——adeviationfromwhatisexpected.Thisdistinctionbetween“weird”and“strange”issopronouncethatthelattercanbeusedasaeuphemismfortheformerincertainsituations.Forexample,noticehowasimplesubstitutionisabletomakethefollowingsentencelessoffensive:“Yourmother’scookiestasteweird”comparedto“Yourmotherscookiestastestrange”.Intheformersentence,thespeakersoundsasthoughheorsheisinsultingyourmother’scookies,statingthattheytastebad.Inthelattersentence,however,thespeakersoundsasthoughthecookiessimplytastedifferent,orunusual,comparedtowhatheorsheisusedto—thedifferenceowingtotheinnocuousadditionoftoomuchflourperhaps.

Finally,let’slookatthesynonyms,“happy”and“glad”.Asintheaforementionedcases,thesewordsseemtohavelittleornodiscernibledifferencebetweenthem.Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1）Tommyishappybecausehegotanewbike.2）Tommyisgladbecausehegotanewbike.Mostunderstandthesesentencestohavethesamemeaning.Andagain,uponconsultingadictionary,onewillfindhighlysimilar,ifnotthesame,definitions.Butthesedefinitionslackthefeeling,theuniqueemotionalchargethatthesewordsconvey.Theword“happy”conveysasenseoflevity,oracarefreeattitude.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyes,ruddy,smilingface.Oneis“happy”onthemorningofhisbirthday,discoveringanewpuppyboundingintohisbedroom.Ontheotherhand,theword“glad”conveysasenseofrelieforcontentment.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“glad”conjurestheimageofamanstandingcrossed-armed,noddinggently,astoicgrincrossinghisface.Oneis“glad”whenheseesthatthechild’slostpuppyhasbeenfound,andwasmerelyfrolickingtoofarfromhome.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionary—thetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues—isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttousthespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,differences.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionarythetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues——isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,difference.

1.Asusedinparagraph1，whatismostlikelymeantby“scrupulouspedanticalness”？

2.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingdescribessomeonewhoisutilitarian?

3.Whichofthefollowingsentencesfromthepassagerepresentsafact,ratherthananopinion?

4.Theauthorwrites:“Tobegin,“hard”ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,‘difficult’’iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.”Whichofthefollowingliterarydevicesisusedinthisquotation?

5.Withrespecttothewayinwhichclosesynonymsarecommonlyunderstood,theauthor’stonecanbestbedescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.Mildcuriosity.

B.Wryskepticismof.

C.Passionateindignation.

D.Excessiveconcern.

问题2选项

A.Withoutfail,Edgarrisesatdaybreak,catstwoeggsforbreakfast,drinksaglassoforangejuice,lacesuphisbootsandheadsoutintothefield.

B.Inhopesofimpressingtheirclassmates,moststudentsweartheirnewwinterjacketstotheplay,Alyosha,however,knowsitwillbewarminthetheaterandthereforeleaveshisjacketathome.

C.Nikkosparkshiscarsothatothercarscannotgetout.Uponreturningtohiscar,awomaniswaitingthereonhimtomove.Shelooksupset.Hetellsherit’snothisproblem,getsinhiscaranddrivesoff.

D.Amytakestimetolookniceinthemorning.Shebrushesherhair,putsonlightmakeup,andpicksouttheclothesshewillwearfortheday.

问题3选项

A.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.

B.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyed,ruddy,smilingface.

C.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething“weird”.

D.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

问题4选项

A.Onomatopoeia.

B.Hyperbole.

C.Personification.

D.Metaphor.

问题5选项

A.conscientious

B.supercilious

C.rueful

D.belligerent

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.判断推理题。由题干关键词定位到文章第一段第四句“mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.”，大多数人缺乏一丝不苟的学究精神，对这种小事吹毛求疵。由此可知scrupulouspedanticalness表示过分的关注，意思与excessiveconcern相近。因此D选项正确。

第2题:2.判断推理题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段“Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature”，这是一个功利性的词，能完成工作，但不能为其唐突、粗鲁的行为道歉。选项A“埃德加必须得在黎明时分起床，他拿了两个鸡蛋当早餐，喝了一杯橘子汁，用带子系紧靴子，然后朝田野走去”。选项B“为了给同学留下深刻印象，大多数学生都穿着新的冬季夹克去看戏。然而，阿约沙知道剧院里会很暖和，所以他把夹克留在家里”。选项D“艾米为了早晨看起来气色不错，精心打扮着：梳头、化了淡妆、穿上她特意为这一时刻准备的衣服”。选项A、B、D均与原文不符。因此C选项正确。

第3题:3.判断推理题。题干的意思是问“下列哪一个句子陈述的是事实，而非观点？”由题干关键词定位到文章后五段。选项A“使用者假定两个词之间不存在差异时，可以任意地使用其中一个或另一个。”选项B“一想到‘快乐’的人，脑海中就会浮现出一个明亮的眼睛、红润的笑脸”。选项C“没有人愿意和‘奇怪’的事情联系在一起”。选项A、B、C均与题意不符。因此D选项正确。

第4题:4.判断推理题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段。题干问“以下哪一种文学手法在题干所引用的句子中被使用？”选项A“拟声。”选项B“夸张”。选项C“拟人”。选项D“暗喻”。选项A、B、C均与题意不符。因此D选项正确。

第5题:5.判断推理题。由题干关键词定位到文章最后一段“Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,differences”，通过以上的例子和见解，人们可能会逐渐认识到这些细微但至关重要的差异。由此可知，关于近义词的普遍理解方式，作者需要认真谨慎的描述。选项A“认真的，尽责的”。选项B“高傲的，自大的”。选项C“可怜的”。选项D“好战的”。选项B、C、D均与题意不符，因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporation’sbeforehejoinedourcompany.

问题1选项

A.confesses

B.declares

C.claims

D.confirms

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项confess表示“坦白；承认；供认”，B选项declare表示“宣布，申明，宣称”，D选项confirm表示“确认，确定，核实”，C选项claim表示“宣称，要求，索赔”。由句意可知，新同事宣称，他进入我们公司之前，在一些大公司里工作过。空缺处单词需与介词to构成搭配，因此本题正确答案为C选项。

16.单选题

Inlastweek’sTribune,therewasaninterestingletterfromMr.J.StewartCook,inwhichhesuggestedthatthebestwayofavoidingthedangerofa“scientifichierarchy”wouldbetoseetoitthateverymemberofthegeneralpublicwas,asfaraspossible,scientificallyeducated.Atthesametime,scientistsshouldbebroughtoutoftheirisolationandencouragedtotakeagreaterpartinpoliticsandadministration.

Asageneralstatement,Ithinkmostofuswouldagreewiththis,butInoticethat,asusual,Mr.Cookdoesnotdefinescience,andmerelyimpliesinpassingthatitmeanscertainexactscienceswhoseexperimentscanbemadeunderlaboratoryconditions.Thus,adulteducationtends“toneglectscientificstudiesinfavorofliterary,economicandsocialsubjects”,economicsandsociologynotbeingregardedasbranchesofscience,apparent.Thispointisofgreatimportance.Forthewordscienceisatpresentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthewholequestionofscientifi