2022年考研考博-考博英语-中南大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号89

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中南大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.

TheAmericandefinitionofsuccessislargelyoneofacquiringwealthandahighmaterialstandardofliving.Itisnotsurprising,therefore,thatAmericansvalueeducationforitsmonetaryvalue.ThebeliefiswidespreadintheUnitedStatesthatthemoreschoolingpeoplehave,themoremoneytheywillearnwhentheyleaveschool.

（1）Thebeliefisstrongestregardingthedesirabilityofanundergraduateuniversitydegree,oraprofessionaldegree,suchasmedicineorlaw,followingtheundergraduatedegree.Themonetaryvalueofgraduatedegreesin"nonprofessional"fieldssuchasart,history,orphilosophyisnotasgreat.

InrecentyearstherehasbeenachangeinthejobmarketintheUnitedStates.（2）

Inthepast,itwaspossibletogetahigh-payingfactoryjobwithoutacollegeeducation;workerswithskillslearnedinvocationalschoolsoronthejobcoulddoworkthatdidnotrequireacollegeeducation.Thesewereamongthejobsthatnewimmigrantswereoftenabletoobtain.Increasingly,however,theadventofnewtechnologieshasmeantthatmoreandmoreeducationisrequiredtodothework.（3）

ManyofthenewjobsintheUnitedStateseitherrequireacollegeeducation,evenagraduatedegreeortheyarelow-payingjobsintheservicesectoroftheeconomy_—suchasinfast-foodrestaurants,smallstores,andhotels.Additionally，manyjobsarebeingoutsourcedtocountrieswheresalariesaremuchlower.（4）

Thisistrueofbothhigher-payingtechnicaljobsandlower-payingjobsrequiringlimitedskills.Becauseoftheimportanceofhighereducation,manyadultscombineworkingwithtakingclassesatacollege.Manypublicandprivatecollegesanduniversitiesaremakingiteasierforstudentstotakeclassesthroughdistancelearning,usingtheInternettoprovidematerialsandlecturesaswellastoengagestudentsindiscussion.（5）

Somestudentswhoarelivingoncampusorcommutingtoclassestakeatleastpartoftheircourseworkbydistance,butitisalsopossibleforastudenttoobtainbothundergraduateandgraduatedegreeswithouteverbeingonacollegecampus.

【答案】1.有一种观点强烈地认为大学本科学位或继大学本科学位之后的专业学位（诸如医学和法律）是值得向往的。

2.在过去，没有大学学历的情况下得到一份高薪的工厂工作是可能的；从职业学校或工作上学得技巧的工人们可以做不需要大学学历的工作。

3.在美国很多新工作要么要求大专学历甚至研究生学历，要么它们是经济服务业里（诸如快餐店，小商店和旅馆）的底薪工作。

4.较高薪酬的技术工作和需要有限技能的较低薪资的工作都的确如此。

5.住校或通勤来上课的一些学生通过远程学习来完成至少部分课程，不过一个学生在从不在大学校园的情况下也可能获得本科学位和研究生学位。

2.单选题

Theteacher’spridewasdistraughtwhenhediscoveredthathalfhisclasshad（

）theexam.

问题1选项

A.reassessed

B.disdained

C.flunked

D.redeemed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。reassessed对······再评价；disdained鄙视，蔑视；flunked放弃，失败；redeemed赎回，恢复。句意：当老师发现他班上有一半的学生放弃了考试的时候，他的自尊心受到严重打击。由前后语义可知空格处所填单词为贬义词，与考试搭配的最合适的选项是C项。

3.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

What’sthebestteacher?Experience,ofcourse!It’spriceless.

Itcomesfromwhatyouyourselfhaveseen,heard,tasted,smelledandfelt—whatyouyourselfhavelivedthrough.

Takeacloserlook.Lookatourlimitations.

Nowonderexperienceissopreciousinthatwecan’tbegintogetenoughofit,evencannotexperienceagainwhatwejustlivedthrough.We’renotbornwithinstantreplay.Wecan’tactuallyreliveanymoment.And,obviously,we’relimitedtoonelifetime.

Spaceandtime!Howtheylimitus.Whohasatimemachinetocarryhimbackintohistory?Noone.It’sthesamewithspace.

Wecan’tliterallybeintwoplacesatthesametime.Rightnow,youcan’tbesittingwhereyouareandatthesametimebestrollingdownthefamedChampsElyseesinParis(巴黎香榭丽舍大道).

Andthere’ssomuchexperienceweneed.What’sitreallyliketoworkonanassemblyline?What’sitreallyliketobeasecretary?

Here’swherereadingfits.

Itcanbringus,personally,almostunlimitedadditionalexperience;tobesure,it’ssecondhandexperience.Butit’softenso,vividitseemsfirsthand,justasifwe’relivingthroughitourselves,beingmovedtotears,laughterorsuspense.Thatrichrangeofexperienceprovidestheidealsupplementtoourownlimitedexperience;bydoingso,readingbecomesoneofourmostprofoundmind-shapingactivities.

Furthermore,allthisexperienceisavailablewhenwewantit.Booksneverimposeonus.Whenwewantthem,wereachoutandpullthemofftheshellortable.Atourconvenienceweinvitethemtosharetheirunbelievablewealthwithus.

【答案】它（经验）来自于你自己的经历，自己看到、听到、尝到、闻到和感觉到的东西。

由于我们无法在一开始得到足够的经验，甚至不能再次经历刚经历过的事情，使得经验如此宝贵。

我们不能同时出现在两个地方。现在，你不可能坐在你现在的位置，且同时漫步在巴黎著名的香榭丽舍大街上。

它能给我们个人带来几乎无限的额外经验；当然，这是间接的经验。

丰富的经验为我们有限的经验提供了理想的补给；通过这样做，阅读成为我们最深刻的思想塑造活动之一。

4.单选题

WheneverIworriedthatourconnectionmightbefading,Iopenedthedrawerandfelthisenergy（

）aroundmelikeafreedcanary.

问题1选项

A.flutterup

B.adhereto

C.flashback

D.queueup

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。flutterup“扑闪起来”；adhereto“坚持；粘附”；flashback“；反射”；queueup“排队等候”。句意：每当我担心我们之间的联系会逐渐淡去时，我就打开抽屉，感受他的活力就像一只放飞自由的金丝雀围绕着我。由likeafreedcanary可知A项符合语境，答案A

5.单选题

Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.

Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavator’sgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.

Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreplyeverythingthatcomesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.

Irefertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard,EvenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasL’melekhHandleshavebeenfoundinabundance——morethan4,000examplessofar.

Thebasementsofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchaserscouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.ApurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposesItwouldbeunrealistictosuggestthatillegaldiggingwouldstopifartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket.Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.Whowouldwantanunmarkedpotwhenanotherwasavailablewhoseprovenancewasknown,andthatwasdatedstratigraphicallybytheprofessionalarchaeologistwhoexcavatedit?

1.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbasements?

2.TheauthormentionstheexcavationinCyprustoemphasizewhichofthefollowingpoints?

3.Theauthor’sargumentconcerningtheeffectoftheofficialsaleofduplicateartifactsonillegalexcavationisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

4.Theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposal?

5.TheauthorimpliesthatallofthefollowingstatementsaboutduplicateartifactsaretrueEXCEPT（

）.

问题1选项

A.Museumofficialsrarelyallowscholarsaccesstosuchartifacts.

B.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.

C.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.

D.Suchartifacts’oftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.

问题2选项

A.Ancientlampsandpotteryvesselsarelessvaluable,althoughmorerare,thanroyalsealimpressions.

B.Artifactsthatareverysimilartoeachotherpresentcataloguingdifficultiestoarchaeologists.

C.Artifactsthatarenotuniquelyvaluable,andthereforecouldbesold,areavailableinlargequantities.

D.Cyprusisthemostimportantlocationforunearthinglargequantitiesofsalableartifacts.

问题3选项

A.Prospectivepurchaserswouldprefertobuyauthenticatedartifacts.

B.Thepriceofillegallyexcavatedartifactswouldrise.

C.Moneygainedfromsellingauthenticatedartifactscouldbeusedtoinvestigateandprosecuteillegalexcavators.

D.Illegalexcavatorswouldbeforcedtosellonlyduplicateartifacts.

问题4选项

A.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfall.

B.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.

C.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.

D.Counterfeitingofartifactswillbecomemorecommonplace.

问题5选项

A.Amarketforsuchartifactsalreadyexists

B.Suchartifactsseldomhavescientificvalue

C.Suchartifactsfrequentlyexceedinqualitythosealreadycataloguedinmuseumcollec¬tions

D.Museumsarewellsuppliedwithexamplesofsuchartifacts

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到倒数第二段“Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds:asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.甚至没有足够的钱来对这些发现进行分类：结果是，它们再也找不到了，变得像从未被发现过一样难以接近。”可知D项“这些艺术品经常没有被分类，所以一旦它们被存储起来就找不到了”正确。

2.细节事实题。由第四段中的“InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard,EvenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasL’melekhHandleshavebeenfoundinabundance——morethan4,000examplessofar.在塞浦路斯的一个小发掘中，考古学家最近在一个院子里发现了2000个几乎无法分辨的小罐子，甚至还发现了珍贵的皇家印章印记，被称为L'melekh手柄——迄今为止有4000多个例子。”以及第三段末句“youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.你可能认为您声称每个工件都有潜在的科学价值这一观点是正确的。实际上，你错了。”可知C项“工艺品不是唯一有价值的，因此可以出售的工件，可以大量获得。”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。定位到末段最后一句“Whowouldwantanunmarkedpotwhenanotherwasavailablewhoseprovenancewasknown当另一个罐子的来源已经知道了的时候，谁会想要一个没有标记的罐子。”可知项A项“潜在的购买者更愿意购买经过认证的产品。”符合题意。

4.推理判断题由“scientificarchaeologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket科学考古探险队和政府当局在公开市场上出售出土文物。”以及"Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney你可能会反对专业人士挖掘是为了获取知识，而不是金钱”，可知作者建议在公开市场上出售出土文物。故B项“本应在公共场所展出的文物将出售给私人收藏家。”与作者建议相反。

5.判断推理题。AB两项的内容“已经有复制品的市场存在，比如非法交易市场，而且这些复制品的科学价值不是很高。”在第二段的末尾和第三段的开头有提及。C项“这类文物的质量常常超过那些已经列入博物馆收藏目录的文物”文中没有提及。

6.写作题

Writeanessayofabout250to300wordsonthetopic“ScienceandArts:theIntegrationintheDisciplineResearched"accordingtotheideagivenbelowandoutlineinChinese.

科学和艺术是促进人类社会发展的两个翅膀，一个强调严谨，客观，深遂而锲而不舍地探究自然和社会的内在构架和发展路径，一个表现华丽，张扬，丰富多彩而魅力四射地展示着人们独具的感知和想象的梦境。两者各具不同的特点但却互相关联着，在学术研究中，注重科学活动过程的科学性和艺术性的这种相辅相成也会为我们的不同专业研究带来绚丽而又实诚的果实。请你结合自己的学科专业研究实际的例证，谈谈研究活动中科学性和艺术性关系会对自己未来发展的影响作用。

1）科学和艺术定义及其相辅相成的关系。

2）本专业学术研究中的科学性和艺术性相辅相成的特点。

3）用实例说明两者结合会为我的专业发展和研究带来重要的突破和发展。

【答案】略

7.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

Oncethemonologuebegins,theKnowledgeableOnedronesonandon.TheKnowledgeableOneisafactperson.（1）

ShemaybethehistoryprofwhoknowsthedeathtollofeveryCivilWarbattle,thebiologyprofwhocandiagramallthecommonbiologicalmolecules,theaccountingprofwhoenumerateseveryclauseofthefederaltaxform.Oblivioustostudents’tiredeyesandstifledyawns,theKnowledgeableOnedelivershermonologue,dispensingonedryfactafteranother.（2）Theonlyadvantagetobeingonthereceivingendofthisboringmonologueisthatstudentsdonothavetoworryaboutbeingcalledontoquestionapointorprovideanopinion;theKnowledgeableOneisnotwillingtogiveuponeminuteofhertimebygivingstudentsavoice.Assumeforonemomentthatstudentactuallymanagestostayawakeduringthemonologueandisbraveenoughtoaskaquestion.Insuchacase,theKnowledgeableOnewilladdressthequestioningstudentas“Mr.”or“Miss.”（3）Thisformalitydoesnot,assomestudentsmistakenlysuppose,indicaterespectforthestudentasafledglingmemberoftheacademiccommunity.Notatall.ThisimpersonalityrepresentstheKnowledgeableOne’sdesiretokeepaswideadistanceaspossiblebetweenherandherstudents.

TheKnowledgeableOne’smonologuealwayscomestoacloseattheprecisesecondtheclassisscheduledtoend.（4）

NosoonerhasshedeliveredherlastforgettablewordthantheKnowledgeableOnepacksuphernotesandshootsoutthedoor,headingbacktotheprivacyofheroffice,whereshecanpursueherspecializedacademicinterestfreeofanypossibleinterruptionfromstudents.TheKnowledgeableOne’shastydeparturefromthelecturehallmakesitclearshehasnodesiretotalkwithstudents.（5）

Inhereyes,shehasmetherobligations,shehastakentimeawayfromherresearchtotransmittostudentswhatsheknow.Anyclosercontactmightmeanshewouldriskcontagionfromstudents,thatgreatunwashedmass.Suchadangeristobeavoidedatallcosts.

【答案】1.她可能是一位历史教授，知道每一场内战的死亡人数；她可能是一位生物学教授，能够绘制出所有常见生物分子的图表；也可能是能够列举联邦税表每一项条款的会计学教授。

2.成为这段无聊独白的接受者的唯一好处是，学生们不必担心被要求提出问题或发表意见；知识渊博的人不愿意放弃哪怕一分钟时间来为学生发声。

3.这种形式并不像一些学生错误地认为的那样，表明了对学生作为学术界新生成员的尊重。

4.她刚说出最后一个容易被遗忘的单词，知识渊博的那位就收拾好笔记，冲出门去，回到自己的私人办公室，在那里她可以追求自己的专业学术兴趣——没有任何学生可能的打扰。

5.在她看来，她已经履行了她的义务，她从她的研究中抽出时间把她所知道的传授给学生。

8.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

Beginninginthelate1960s,agrowingnumberofwomenexpressedastrongdissatisfactionwithanymarriagearrangementwherethehusbandandhiscareerweretheprimaryconsiderationsinthemarriage.

（1）Bytheendofthe1970s,forexample,considerablylessthanhalfofthewomeninoursocietystillbelievedthattheyshouldputtheirhusbandsandchildrenaheadoftheirowncareers.Inthe2000s,mostwomenintheUnitedStatesbelievethattheyshouldbeequalpartnersintheirmarriagesandthattheirhusbandsshouldhaveequalresponsibilityforchildcareandhouseholdchores.

（2）Inanequal-partnershipmarriage,thewifepursuesa

full-timejoborcareerwhichhasequalorgreaterimportancetoherhusband’s,whilethelong-standingdivisionoflaborbetweenhusbandandwifecomestoanend.Thehusbandisnolongerthemainprovideroffamilyincome,andthewifenolongerhasthemainresponsibilitiesforhouseholddutiesandraisingchildren.Husbandandwifeshareallthesedutiesequally.Poweroverfamilydecisionsisalsosharedequally.

（3）TherealityoflifeinthepresentworldisthatalthoughmostAmericanwomennowhaveanequalsayinthedecisionaffectingthefamily,theysometimesearnlessthanmenforsamework.Also,mostwomenarestillspendingmoretimetakingcareofthechildren,cooking,andcleaningthantheirhusbandsare.Manywomenareresentfulbecausetheyfeelliketheyhavetwofull-timejobs-theoneatworkandtheoneathome.Inthe1980swomenweretoldtheycould“haveitall”--fast-trackcareer,husband,children,andacleanhouse.Now,somewomenarefindingthatlifestyleexhaustingandunrewarding.（4）

Someyoungwomenarenowchoosingtostayathomeuntiltheirchildrenstartschool,butmanyotherswhowouldliketocannotaffordtodoso.Jugglingtwocareersandfamilyresponsibilitiescanbeasdifficultformenasitisforwomen,especiallyifthereistrulyanequaldivisionofduties.Americanfathersareoftenseendroppingthekidsoffatthebabysitter’sortakingasickchildtothedoctor.（5）

Somebusinessesarerecognizingtheneedtoaccommodatefamilieswherebothparentswork，thustheymayopenadaycarecenterintheofficebuilding,offerfatherspaternityleavetostayhomewiththeirnewbabiesorhaveflexibleworkinghours.Unfortunately,thesebenefitsarenotyetavailabletoall.Whileyoungcouplesstrivetoachieveequalityintheircareers,theirmarriages,andtheirparenting,societyatlargestilllacksmanyofthestructuresthatareneededtosupportthem.

【答案】1.例如，到20世纪70年代末，我们社会中仍有相当少的妇女认为她们应该把丈夫和孩子放在自己事业的前面。

2.在一个平等伙伴关系的婚姻中，妻子所从事的全职工作或事业与丈夫的工作或事业是同等或更重要的，而丈夫与妻子之间的劳动分配也结束了。

3.当今世界的现实生活是，尽管大多数美国妇女现在在影响家庭的决定上有平等的发言权，但她们有时因同样的工作而挣得比男人少。

4.如今，一些年轻女性选择待在家里，直到孩子上学，但许多其他愿意这样做的人却负担不起。

5.一些企业认识到需要去帮助那些父母都上班的家庭，因此，他们可能在办公大楼里开设日托中心，为父亲们提供陪产假以便在家里陪伴其新出生的婴儿或有弹性工作时间。

9.单选题

Followthemoneyandyouwillendupinspace.That’sthemessagefromafirst-of-its-kindforumonminingbeyondEarth.

ConvenedinSydneybytheAustralianCentreforSpaceEngineeringResearch,theeventbroughttogetherminingcompanies,roboticsexperts,lunarscientists,andgovernmentagenciesthatareallworkingtomakespaceminingareality.

Theforumcomeshotontheheelsofthe2012unveilingoftwoprivateasteroid-miningfirm.

PlanetaryResourcesofWashingtonsaysitwilllaunchitsfirstprospectingtelescopesintwoyears,whileDeepSpaceIndustriesofVirginiahopestobeharvestingmetalsfromasteroidsby2020.Anothercommercialventurethatsprungupin2012,GoldenSpikeofColorado,willbeofferingtripstothemoon,includingtopotentiallunarminers.

Withinafewdecades,thesefirmsmaybemeetingearthlydemandsforpreciousmetals,suchasplatinumandgold,andtherareearthelementsvitalforpersonalelectronics,suchasyttriumandlanthanum.ButlikethegoldrushpioneerswhotransformedthewesternUnitedStates,thefirstspaceminerswon’tjustenrichthemselves.Theyalsohopetobuildanoff-planeteconomyfreeofanybondswithEarth,inwhichthematerialsextractedandprocessedfromthemoonandasteroidsaredeliveredforspace-basedprojects.

Inthisscenario,waterminedfromotherworldscouldbecomethemostdesiredcommodity.“Inthedesert,what’sworthmore:akilogramofgoldorakilogramofwater?”asksKrisZacnyofHoneybeeRoboticsinNewYork.“Goldisuseless.Waterwillletyoulive.”

Watericefromthemoon’spolescouldbesenttoastronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationfordrinkingorasaradiationshield.Splittingwaterintooxygenandhydrogenmakesspacecraftfuel,soice-richasteroidscouldbecomeinterplanetaryrefuelingstations.

Companiesareeyeingtheiron,silicon,andaluminuminlunarsoilandasteroids,whichcouldbeusedin3Dprinterstomakesparepartsormachinery.Otherswanttoturnspacedirtintoconcreteforlandingpads,sheltersandroads.

1.Inthepassagetheauthormentionsseveralcompaniesprimarilyto（

）.

2.Theauthorindicatesthatspaceminingcouldhavewhichpositiveeffect?

3.Asusedinthepassagetheword“demands”underlinedmostnearlymeans

（

）.

4.Whatfunctiondoesthediscussionofwaterinlastpartofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.notethetechnologicaladvancesthatmakespaceminingpossible

B.provideevidenceofthegrowinginterestinspacemining

C.emphasizethelargeprofitstobemadefromspacemining

D.highlightthediversewaystocarryoutspaceminingoperations

问题2选项

A.ItcouldyieldmaterialsimportanttoEarth’seconomy

B.ItcouldraisethevalueofsomepreciousmetalsonEarth

C.Itcouldcreateunanticipatedtechnologicalinnovations

D.Itcouldchangescientists’understandingofspaceresources

问题3选项

A.offers

B.claims

C.inquiries

D.desires

问题4选项

A.Itcontinuesanextendedcomparisonthatbeginsinthepreviousparagraph

B.Itprovidesanunexpectedanswertoaquestionraisedinthepreviousparagraph

C.Itoffershypotheticalexamplessupportingaclaimmadeinthepreviousparagraph

D.Itexaminespossibleoutcomesofaproposalputforthinthepreviousparagraph

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。文章第三、四、五段提到了几家公司并说到了他们的一些举措或计划，尤其第三段说到“Theforumcomeshotontheheelsofthe2012unveilingoftwoprivateasteroid-miningfirm2012年，两家私营小行星采矿公司刚刚成立，紧接着这个论坛就变得火热起来”说明很多公司对在太空采矿的兴趣正日益增加。因此B选项“提供证据表明人们对太空采矿的兴趣日益浓厚”符合题意。

2.判断推理题。作者在第五段提到“Withinafewdecades,thesefirmsmaybemeetingearthlydemandsforpreciousmetals,suchasplatinumandgold,andtherareearthelementsvitalforpersonalelectronics,suchasyttriumandlanthanum.在几十年内，这些公司可能会满足地球上对贵金属的需求，比如铂和金，以及对个人电子产品至关重要的稀土元素，比如钇和镧”，这些都是对太空采矿感兴趣的公司，因此这里说的就是太空采矿的好处，A选项“它可以产生对地球经济很重要的物质”符合文意。

3.判断推理题。句中用来与demands搭配的动词是“meeting满足”，因此此处desire“要求”可与demand对等。

4.判断推理题。文章最后一部分讨论水，原因可在倒数第三段第一句找到“Inthisscenario,waterminedfromotherworldscouldbecomethemostdesiredcommodity在这种情况下，从太空中开采的水可能成为最受欢迎的商品”。这里是在为上文说到的“Theyalsohopetobuildanoff-planeteconomyfreeofanybondswithEarth,inwhichthematerialsextractedandprocessedfromthemoonandasteroidsaredeliveredforspace-basedprojects.他们还希望建立一个与地球没有任何联系的外星球经济，从月球和小行星上提取和处理的物质被运送到太空项目中。”提供一个例子，而这一切都还是假设，因此C选项“它为前一段的观点提供了假设的例子”正确。

10.单选题

Thetrialwasconductedinatheatricalmanner,fullof（

）.

问题1选项

A.properprocedures

B.sworntestimony

C.eruditecitations

D.extravaganthistrionics

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词短语辨析。properprocedures适当的程序；sworntestimony宣誓证词；eruditecitations博学的引用；extravaganthistrionics夸张的戏剧表演。句意：审判以一种戏剧般的方式进行，充满了夸张的表演造作。由inatheatricalmanner可知，答案为D。

11.单选题

Thepurchaseofahouseandacarhasbecomethe（

）ofthenewgenerationofwhite-collarworkers,alongwithholidaysoverseas.

问题1选项

A.aspiration

B.inspiration

C.attraction

D.tenacity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项aspiration“渴望；抱负”；B选项inspiration“灵感；鼓舞”；C选项attraction“吸引力；引力”；D选项tenacity“韧性；固执”。句意：买房买车已经成为新一代白领的······，当然还有去国外度假。句中的“买房买车”、“去国外度假”符合“渴望”的内容。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Manyartistsbelievethatsuccessfulimitation,farfrombeingsymptomaticofalackof（

）,isthefirststepinlearningtobecreative.

问题1选项

A.elegance

B.resolution

C.sympathy

D.originality

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项elegance“典雅；高雅”；B选项resolution“分辨率；解决；决心”；C选项sympathy“同情；赞同”；D选项originality“创意；独创性；原始”。句意：许多艺术家认为，成功的模仿远不是缺乏······的表现，而是学会创造的第一步。句中出现的“模仿”、“学会创造”表明，此处应表示“模仿成功不是缺乏创造力的表现”。D选项正确。

13.单选题

Someworksofliteratureholdone’sinterestintheverylastpage,butothersservesonlyasa（

）,tobekepthandilyatabedsidetable.

问题1选项

A.reminder

B.reference

C.decoration

D.soporific

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reminder提醒者；reference参考书，参考文献；decoration装饰；soporific催眠剂。句意：有些文学作品自始至终都十分吸引人，但有些文学作品只起参考书的作用，为了方便查阅而放在床边小茶几上。由but及空格后的内容可知B项符合句意。

14.单选题

Johnsonneverscrupledtoignorethestandardsofdecentconductmandatedbycompanypolicyif（

）compliancewithinstructionsfromhissuperiorsenabledhimtodoso,whatevertheeffectsonhissubordinates.

问题1选项

A.deigned

B.feigned

C.literal

D.halfhearted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词和形容词词义辨析。deign赐予；feign假装；装作；捏造；想象；literal文字的；字面上的；halfhearted不认真的；不热心的；无兴趣的。句意：如果在字面上对上司指令的服从让自己能够去忽视公司政策所颁布的得体的行为标准，那么不论对下属有什么样的影响，John都会从未有所顾忌地去这样做。由Johnsonneverscrupledtoignore…与compliancewithinstructionsfromhissuperiorsenabledhimtodoso可知“字面上的”符合。

15.单选题

Whilemanypeopleutilizehomeopathicremediestotreathealthproblems,otherpeopledonotcountenancesuchalternativetreatments,（

）conventionalmedicaltreatmentsinstead.

问题1选项

A.relyingon

B.envisioning

C.eschewing

D.turningfrom

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。relyon依靠，依赖；envision想象，预想；eschew避免，避开；turnfrom对······感到厌恶。句意：尽管很多人利用顺势疗法治疗健康问题，另外一些人并不满意于这样的替代治疗，相反他们依赖于传统的医疗方法。由前后句关系可知，A项符合题意。

16.单选题

Yetthedifferenceintoneandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.Religionsaremany,reasonone.Religionconsistsofconsciousideas,hopes,enthusiasms,andobjectsofworship;itoperatesbygraceandflourishesbyprayer.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,norcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.Religionbringssomeorderintolifebyweightingitwithnewmaterials.Reasonaddstothenaturalmaterialsonlytheperfectorderwhichitintroducesintothem.Rationalityisnothingbutaform,anidealconstitutionwhichexperiencemaymoreorlessembody.Religionisapartofexperienceitself:amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthegoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.Religionalsohasaninstinctiveandblindsideandbubblesupinallmannerofchancepracticesandintuitions;soon,however,itfeelsitswaytowardtheheartofthings,andfromwhateverquarteritmaycome,veersinthedirectionoftheultimate.

Nevertheless,wemustconfessthatthisreligiouspursuitoftheLifeofReasonhasbeensingularlyabortive.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselvestoexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingthe