2022年考研考博-考博英语-浙江工商大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号62

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-浙江工商大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Onlybypublishingatleastfivearticlesontopjournals（

）havethechancetobepromotedtoprofessors.

问题1选项

A.teacherscan

B.canteachers

C.ateachercan

D.canateacher

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是部分倒装结构。句子开头是only引导的状语结构，用来修饰整个句子时，空格部分主句的谓语动词应该使用部分倒装结构。故需要将情态动词和助动词提前。句意为：只有顶级期刊上发表至少五篇论文，老师们才有机会晋升为教授。因此选项B正确。

2.单选题

He（

）hishead,wonderinghowtosolvetheproblem.

问题1选项

A.scratched

B.screwed

C.scraped

D.scrapped

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项scratch“（用手）挠头”；B选项screw“用（螺丝钉）钉住”；C选项scrape“刮，擦”；D选项scrap“抛弃，废弃”，根据空格后面作宾语的关键词“head头”，可知这里填入的单词要符合句子语境意思“想着怎么解决这个问题”，故空格单词意思应该为“（用手）挠头”，句意为：他抓了抓头，想着怎么解决这个问题。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Withscholarsfrom24countries（

）theconference,thecommitteehadagreatdealofworktodo.

问题1选项

A.attend

B.attended

C.attending

D.toattend

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是非谓语动词。with+名词+分词，表示原因或者伴随条件，scholars和动词attend是主动关系，故正确答案选C。句意为：有来自24个国家的学者参加了会议，组委会有很多工作要做。

4.单选题

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions.Themostimportantthingistheadvertisement’stoneofvoice.Womenhatebeingpatronized,flatteredorgivendesperatelydown-to-earthcommonsenseadvice.”

Intheend,theresponsibilityforgoodadvertisingmustbesharedbetweentheadvertiser,theadvertisingagencyandtheconsumer.Advertisingdoesnotsettrendsbutitreflectsthem.Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.

1.Despiterecentchangesinattitudes,someadvertisementsstillfailto（

）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,thecommonestfaultofpresent-dayadvertisingisto（

）.

3.EmmaBennettsuggeststhatadvertisementoughtto（

）.

4.Ultimatelytheadvertisingindustryshould（

）.

5.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatinordertoimproveadvertisingthecustomershould（

）.

问题1选项

A.changewomen’sopinionsofthemselves

B.meettheneedsoftheadvertisingindustry

C.persuadethepublictobuycertainproducts

D.showanyunderstandingofwomen’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.presentamisleadingimageofwomen

B.ignoreprotestsagainstadvertisements

C.misrepresenttheactivitiesofmen

D.condemntheroleofthehousewife

问题3选项

A.usemaleimagesinsteadoffemaleones

B.givefurtheremphasistopracticaladvice

C.changetheirstyleratherthantheircontent

D.paymorecomplimentstowomenthanbefore

问题4选项

A.takeitsjobmoreearnestly

B.domorepioneeringwork

C.takenoticeofthepublicopinion

D.concentrateontheproductsadvertised

问题5选项

A.takenonoticeofwhatisreflectedinads

B.remindadvertisersofwhathavebeenoverlooked

C.takeoverthemanagementofadvertisingagencies

D.refusetobuyproductsmisrepresentedbysomeads

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer？广告商和广告公司怎么能在经过数月的研究之后，还能生产出冒犯消费者的广告呢？”可推知一些广告仍然没有对消费者的感受表示出任何理解的迹象，故答案选D。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.但是，女性似乎首当其冲地承受着这个行业明显的无能，无法将人们置于真实的当今环境中。”可推知作者认为当前的广告最普遍的错误就是没有把女性放在真实的处境中，呈现出不真实的女性形象，答案选A。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第五段第一句“Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.她说，困扰女性的并不是广告对家庭主妇角色的使用，而是在于处理它的方式。”由此可推断她建议广告应该改变方式，而不是内容，故答案选C。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。结合文章最后一段可知优秀的广告应该由广告商、广告机构和消费者共同完成，由此可推断广告业应该注重民意。答案选C。

5.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.消费者应该告诉广告商他们失败的地方；而改变的过程将会非常缓慢，直到作为接受方的消费者认真对待这件事，并让他们的感觉被广告商知道。”由此可知答案选B。

5.单选题

Beforetheplane（

）,thepilotbailedout.

问题1选项

A.clashed

B.crashed

C.smashed

D.struck

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项clash“冲突、撞击”；B选项crash“碰撞、坠毁”；C选项smash“粉碎、撞击”；D选项strike“罢工、撞击”，根据句中关键词“plane飞机”可联系crash“碰撞、坠毁”符合语境，句意为：飞机坠毁前，飞行员跳伞逃生。故正确答案选B。

6.单选题

Allthestudentshavetoto（

）therulesandregulationsoftheschool.

问题1选项

A.confirm

B.confront

C.conform

D.confine

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项confirm“确定，确认”；B选项confront“面对，遭遇”；C选项conform“符合，遵照”；D选项confine“限制，禁闭”。由关键词“therulesandregulations规章制度”可知空格部分单词意思为“遵守，遵循”，句意为：所有的学生都要遵守学校的规章制度。选项C意思与之相近。

7.单选题

Thefutureofthiscompanywillbevery（

）iftheykeeplosingmoney.

问题1选项

A.rotten

B.foul

C.dreary

D.bleak

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】形容词辨析题。A选项rotten“腐烂的、堕落的”；B选项foul“犯规的、邪恶的、污秽的”；C选项dreary“沉闷的、枯燥的；黯淡的”；D选项bleak“阴冷的；黯淡的、无希望的”。分析句子结构，主句是系表结构的句子，主语是“thefutureofthiscompany公司的前途”，空格部分是表语，根据if后面的意思“如果他们继续亏本的话”可知，空格部分单词意思为“黯淡的，没有希望的”，句意为：如果他们继续亏本的话，这家公司的前途将非常黯淡。故正确答案选D。

8.翻译题

2010年头5个月，通用汽车公司在华销量超过100万辆，提前完成了当年200万辆目标的一半。西门子计划未来三年在华投资10亿欧元（合12.9亿美元），而2011年之前，大众已在华追加16亿欧元的投资。截至2013年5月底，在华注册外资企业数量累计近69万家，实际利用外资总额超过了1万亿美元。《世界是平的》一书的作者托马斯•弗里德曼，以及曾在美国总统比尔•克林顿时期担任商务部副部长的罗伯特•夏皮罗等众多专家均高度肯定中国的对外开放。

(参考词汇：aheadofschedule;Siemens;Volkswagen;actually-utilizedforeigninvestment;deputysecretary)

【答案】

Inthefirstfivemonthsof2010,GeneralMotorssoldmorethanlmillionvehiclesinChina,meetinghalfofits2010targetof2millionaheadofschedule.Siemenswillinvest€1billion($1.29billion)inthenextthreeyears,withVolkswagenadding€1.6billionby2011.BytheendofMay2013,therehadbeen690,000registeredforeigncompaniesinChina,investingmorethan$ltrillion.WriterssuchasThomasFriedman,authorofTheWorldIsFlat,andRobertShapiro,formerUSundersecretaryofcommerceunderPresidentBillClinton,havespokenhighlyofoureffortstoopenup.

9.单选题

InNovember1987thegovernment（

）apublicdebateonthefuturedirectionoftheofficialsportspolicy.

问题1选项

A.initiated

B.designated

C.induced

D.promoted

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】动词辨析题。A选项initiate“开始、发起”；B选项designate“指定、指派”；C选项induce“引诱、说服”；D选项promote“促进、提高”。由关键词“government”和“publicdebate公开辩论”，判断可知空格部分单词意思为“发起”，句意为：1987年11月，政府就官方体育方针政策的未来走向发起了一场公开辩论。故正确答案选A。

10.单选题

Janeisagirlwithanartistic（

）.

问题1选项

A.temperament

B.temperature

C.temperance

D.tempera

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查同形词辨析。A选项temperament“气质，性情，性格，禀性”；B选项temperature“度；体温；气温；发烧”；C选项temperance“戒酒，禁酒；自我克制，节制”；D选项tempera“蛋彩画”。填入名词受形容词artistic修饰，故temperament“气质，性情，性格，禀性”符合题意，句意为：简是一个有艺术气质的女孩。答案选A。

11.单选题

Inselectingamaterial,theengineer’sinterestisinitspropertieswhichdeterminehowitwillperformundertheloadsandcondition（

）itissubject.

问题1选项

A.where

B.towhich

C.inwhich

D.which

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。句意为：该工程师在选择材料时关注它的性能，其决定自身在负载和受限制的情况下将如何表现。根据关键词“theloadsandcondition”可知关系代词“where”不符合，再由subject一般构成“besubjectto受制于”的固定搭配知B项“towhich”正确。

12.翻译题

Analystshaverepeatedlypredictedthatthe“internetofthings”,whichaddssensorsandinternetcapabilitytoeverydayphysicalobjects,couldtransformthelivesofindividualsasdramaticallyasthespreadofthemobileinternet.Providershavefocusedonthehome,toutingproductssuchascoffeepotsthatturnonwhenthealarmclockrings,lightingandblindsthatadjusttothetimeofday,andfridgesthatsendanalertwhenthemilkrunsout.Butsofarconsumershavebeenlargelyresistanttomakingtheirhomes“smart”.That’snotforwantoftryingbytechfirms,whichhavepouredcashintotheireffortstoconnecteverydayobjectstotheInternet.

【答案】

分析人士曾多次预测，将传感器和互联网功能添加到日常物理物体上的“物联网”，可能会像移动互联网的普及一样，极大地改变个人生活。供应商主要关注家居领域，他们兜售各种家居产品。例如：当闹钟响起时就会自动启动的咖啡壶、可根据一天时间变化自动调节的智能灯具和百叶窗帘，以及当牛奶喝光时就会自动发送提醒的冰箱等等。然而，迄今为止，顾客大力抵制此类家庭智能化。这并不是因为科技公司没有全力以赴，为使家居产品具备联网功能，科技公司投入了大量财力。

13.单选题

（

）ishisowndecision.

问题1选项

A.Whenleaving

B.Whendoesheleave

C.Whenheleaves

D.Heleaves

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。由空格后“ishisowndecision”的对应知这里缺少主语，故能充当主语的C项“Whenheleaves”正确。A项“Whenleaving”属于时间状语；B项“Whendoesheleave”属于疑问句，不能充当主语；D项“Heleaves”中谓语动词“leaves”与空格后系动词“is”重复，在语法结构上不正确。选项C正确。

14.单选题

Dieting,accordingtoanoldjoke,maynotactuallymakeyoulivelonger,butitsurefeelsthatway.Nevertheless,evidencehasbeenaccumulatingsincethe1930sthatcalorierestriction—reducingananimal’senergyintakebelowitsenergyexpenditure—extendslifespananddelaysthestartofage—relateddiseasesinrats,dogs,fishandmonkeys.Suchresultshaveinspiredthousandsofpeopletoputupwithconstanthungerinthehopeoflivinglonger,healthierlives.Theyhavealsoledtoasearchfordrugsthatmimictheeffectsofcalorierestrictionwithoutthepainofgoingonanactualdiet.

Amidthetrend,itiseasytoforgetthatnoonehasuntilnowshownthatcalorierestrictionworksinhumans.Thatomission,however,changedthismonth,withthepublicationoftheinitialresultsofthefirstsystematicinvestigationintothematter.Thisstudytook48menandwomenandassignedthemrandomlytoeitheracontrolgrouporacalorie—restrictionregime.Thoseinthesecondgroupwererequiredtocuttheircalorieintakeforsixmonthsto75%ofthatneededtomaintaintheirweight.

Thestudyisalandmarkinthehistoryofthefield,becauseitssubjectswereeitherofnormalweightoronlyslightlyoverweight.Previousprojectshaveusedindividualswhowereclinicallyfat,thusconfusingtheunquestionablebenefitstohealthofreducingfatnesswiththepossibleadvantagesofcalorierestrictiontotheotherwisehealthy.

Atamolecularlevel,itsuggeststheseadvantagesarereal.Thoseonrestricteddietsshoweddropsinbodytemperatureandblood—insulinlevels—bothphenomenathathavebeenseeninlong—lived,calorie—restrictedanimals.TheyalsosufferedlessdamagetotheirDNA.

EricRavussin,ofLouisianaStateUniversity,saysthatsuchresultsprovidesupportforthetheorythatcalorierestrictionproducesametabolicadaptationoverandabovethatwhichwouldbeexpectedfromweightlossalone.Nevertheless,suchmetabolicadaptationcouldbethereasonwhycalorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongerlifespaninotheranimals—andthatiscertainlythehopeofthosewho,forthepast15years,havebeensearchingforwaysoftriggeringthatmetabolicadaptationbymeansotherthansemi-starvation.

Thesearchforadrugthatwilldelayoldageisitselfasoldasthehills—asisthewishfulthinkingofthesuckerswhofinancesuchefforts.Thosewhohopetofinditbymimickingtheeffectofcalorierestrictionarenot,however,completesnake-oilsalesmen,forthereisknowntobeafamilyofenzymes,whichactbothassensorsofnutrientavailabilityandasregulatorsofmetabolicrate.Thesemightprovidethenecessarybiochemicallinkbetweenstarvingandlivinglonger.

1.Welearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（

）.

2.Theword“landmark”(Line1,Paragraph3)probablymeans（

）.

3.Theresultsofpreviousresearchontheeffectsofcalorierestrictionareunconvincingbecause（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph5thatpeople（

）.

5.Peoplemighttakeenzymesasasubstituteforcalorierestrictioninthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.peoplearecrazyaboutdietinginordertolosesomeweight

B.experimentalresultsshowthatdietingcanprolonganimals’life

C.inthestudy,twogroupsofpeoplewereaskedtogoonadiet

D.fewresultshavebeenworkedoutontheeffectsofcalorierestriction

问题2选项

A.aneventofmuchprofit

B.aneventofgreatexcitement

C.aneventofgreatsignificance

D.aneventofuniquefeatures

问题3选项

A.thesubjectsoftheresearchwereeitherofoverweightorslightlyunderweight

B.calorie-restrictedanimalsshoweddifferentphysicalsignsintheresearch

C.thedecreaseinbodytemperaturemayresultfromchangesofoutsidetemperature

D.peoplecannottellthebenefitsoflosingweightfromthoseofcalorierestriction

问题4选项

A.havebeenengagedinthestudyofthereplacementofcalorierestriction

B.havebeenlookingfordrugsthatcanprolonghumans’lifeforages

C.canexpectachangeintheirmetabolicratewhengoingonadiet

D.maybenefitfrommetabolicadaptationinthatitmayprotecttheirDNA

问题5选项

A.theyestablishachemicallinkbetweenstarvingandlivinglong

B.theycanprovidepeoplewithenoughnutrition

C.theyworkinasimilarwaythatcalorierestrictiondoes

D.theyarefavoredbypeoplewhofinancethedrugresearch

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“Nevertheless,evidencehasbeenaccumulatingsincethe1930sthatcalorierestriction—reducingananimal’senergyintakebelowitsenergyexpenditure—extendslifespananddelaysthestartofage—relateddiseasesinrats,dogs,fishandmonkeys.尽管如此，自20世纪30年代以来，越来越多的证据表明，在老鼠、狗、鱼和猴子身上实行卡路里限制——将动物的能量摄入降低到低于其能量消耗——可以延长寿命，并延缓衰老相关疾病的发生。”可知之前相关的研究表明节食可以延长动物的寿命。所以选项B为正确答案。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。定位到文章第三段“Thestudyisalandmarkinthehistoryofthefield,becauseitssubjectswereeitherofnormalweightoronlyslightlyoverweight.这项研究是该领域历史上的里程碑，因为它的研究对象要么体重正常，要么只是稍微超重。”landmark在这里是有“里程碑的事件”的意思，和C选项“具有重大意义的事件”意义相近。因此选项C正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“Previousprojectshaveusedindividualswhowereclinicallyfat,thusconfusingtheunquestionablebenefitstohealthofreducingfatnesswiththepossibleadvantagesofcalorierestrictiontotheotherwisehealthy.由于以往的研究对象都是临床肥胖研究者，因此人们会把减肥对健康毋庸置疑的好处与限制卡路里摄入量对健康人群可能带来的好处混淆在一起。”由这句话我们可以得知人们常常会把减肥的好处和限制卡路里的摄入混在一起，区分不清。这样也就造成了之前的研究不是很确定。故正确答案选D。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第五段“Nevertheless,suchmetabolicadaptationcouldbethereasonwhycalorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongerlifespaninotheranimals—andthatiscertainlythehopeofthosewho,forthepast15years,havebeensearchingforwaysoftriggeringthatmetabolicadaptationbymeansotherthansemi-starvation.然而，这种代谢适应可能就是为什么限制热量摄入与延长动物寿命有关的原因——这当然也是在过去15年里一直在寻找除半饥饿之外触发这种代谢适应方法的人的希望。”结合上下文推断，这里主要是节食过程中，动物身上的新陈代谢发生变化。和选项C的意思基本相符。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“Thosewhohopetofinditbymimickingtheeffectofcalorierestrictionarenot,however,completesnake-oilsalesmen,forthereisknowntobeafamilyofenzymes,whichactbothassensorsofnutrientavailabilityandasregulatorsofmetabolicrate.那些希望通过模拟限制卡路里的作用来研制药物的人，他们并非完全只是些江湖郎中，因为已知有一组酶，它们既是营养可用性的传感器，又是代谢率的调节者。”由此可知这里由于酶能够抑制热量的产生，它可能会作为一种替代热量限制的作用的药物来研发出来，作为延长人类寿命的药。因此选项C正确。

15.单选题

Sinceacirclehasnobeginningorend,theweddingringisacceptedasasymbolof（

）love.

问题1选项

A.successive

B.consecutive

C.eternal

D.insistent

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项successive“连续的，继承的”；B选项consecutive“连贯的，连续不断的”；C选项eternal“永恒的”；D选项insistent“坚持的，迫切的”。句子的前半句意思是“因为圆没有起点和终点”，后半句是句子的主干部分，of后面由“love爱”组成所有格结构。这里需要填入一个形容词，表示“永远的，永恒的”才符合句子意思，句意为：因为圆没有起点和终点，所以婚戒被当作永恒爱情的象征。故正确答案为C。

16.翻译题

世界需要和平，和平才能发展。中国要实现自己的发展目标，渴望有一个和平的国际环境。中国政府坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，愿同各国加强合作，共同促进人类和平与发展的崇高事业。尊重主权和互不干涉内政是国与国之间发展关系的前提。一个国家丧失主权，人民就没有尊严和地位。中国坚决捍卫来之不易的国家主权和领土完整，决不允许任何外来干涉。同时，中国坚持平等相待，尊重别国的主权和领土完整，尊重各国人民自主选择的社会制度。

【答案】

Theworldneedspeace,foronlywithpeacecantherebedevelopment.Chinaearnestlyhopestohaveapeacefulinternationalenvironmentinordertoachieveitsdevelopmentgoals.TheChinesegovernmentiscommittedtoanindependentforeignpolicyofpeaceandstandsreadytoworkwithothercountriestoadvancethenoblecauseofpeaceandprogressofmankind.

Respectforsovereigntyandnon-interferenceintheinternalaffairsofothercountriesistheprerequisiteforsoundstate-to-staterelations.Whenacountrylosessovereignty,itspeoplelosedignityandstatus.Chinaisfirminupholdingitshard-wonsovereigntyandterritorialintegrityandwillnevertolerateanyexternalinterference.Atthesametime,Chinatreatseachotherasequals,Chinaalsorespectsthesovereigntyandterritorialintegrityofothercountriesaswellastheindependentchoiceoftheirpeopleforsocialsystemsanddevelopmentpaths.

17.单选题

（

）isCORRECTingrammar.

问题1选项

A.BritaindoesnotagreeandneitherdoDenmark,PortugalandIreland

B.BritaindoesnotagreeandeitherdoDenmark.PortugalandIreland

C.Britaindoesnotagree.SodoDenmark.PortugalandIreland

D.Britaindoesnotagree.NeitherDenmark,PortugalandIrelanddo.

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。CORRECTingrammar“语法上正确的”是BritaindoesnotagreeandneitherdoDenmark,PortugalandIreland，句意为：英国不同意，丹麦，葡萄牙和爱尔兰也不同意。故答案选A。

18.单选题

Theearningsofwomenarewellbelowthatofmen（

）educationaldifferencesthatarediminishingbetweenthetwosexes.

问题1选项

A.although

B.though

C.despiteof

D.inspiteof

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查副词辨析。四个选项都有“虽然，尽管”的意思。选项C的结构一般很少使用。Although和though都可以引导句子，不过although只能置于句首。这里空格后面是一个名词短语educationaldifferences跟一个that引导的定语从句。所以只能填入选项D介词短语，后面接名词。句意为：女性的收入远在男性之下，尽管两性在教育方面的差距正在消除。

19.翻译题

Theideathataquickrecessionwouldpurgetheworldofpastexcessesisludicrous.Thedangeris,instead,ofaslump,asamountainofprivatedebt—intheUS,equaltothreetimesGDP—topplesoverintomassbankruptcy.Thedownwardspiralwouldbeginwithfurtherdecayoffinancialsystemsandproceedviapervasivemistrust,thevanishingofcredit,closureofvastnumbersofbusinesses,soaringunemployment,tumblingcommodityprices,cascadingdeclinesinassetpricesandsoaringrepossessions.Globalizationwouldspreadthecatastropheeverywhere.

【答案】

一个快速的经济衰退将会消除世界的无节制的想法是荒谬的。相反，随着大量私人债务（如在美国大量的私人债务等于美国国内生产总值的3倍）坍塌为大规模破产，这种危险就是衰退。随着金融体系进一步衰退，螺旋式下跌将会开始，然后通过遍布的不信任、信誉的消失、大量企业的倒闭、不断上升的失业率、大宗商品价格暴跌、资产价格狂跌和飙升的收回资产继续进行。全球化将会将这个大灾难扩散到全球所有地方。

20.单选题

Thoughthe37-year-oldmanhadobserved300differentspottydogsforonly2hours,hecouldrecall（

）.

问题1选项

A.whatfeatureseachdoghad

B.whatfeatureshadeachdog

C.whathadfeatureseachdog

D.whatfeatureshadeachdoghad

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。由句子结构可知缺宾语，四个选项中只有whatfeatureseachdoghad是个正确的从句，可以担当宾语，句意为：尽管这位37岁的男子对300只不同的斑点狗只观察了两个小时，但他能回忆起每只狗的特点。故答案选A，其他几项语序有误。

21.单选题

Lastyearaboothforsimultaneousinterpretationwasfinallysetup（

）governmentaid.

问题1选项

A.inaidof

B.byvirtueof

C.inlightof

D.inrespectof

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查介词词组辨析。A选项inaidof“为了帮助”；B选项byvirtueof“凭借，由于，因为”；C选项inlightof“根据；鉴于”；D选项inrespectof“关于，涉及”。governmentaid在句中做状语，根据上下文可知byvirtueof“凭借，由于，因为”符合题意，句意为：去年，在政府的援助下，终于建立了一个同声传译的展位。故答案选B。

22.单选题

These99pearlsandjewelsareworthalotofmoney,（

）andcollectively.

问题1选项

A.individually

B.independently

C.irrespectively

D.separately

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A选项individually“单独的，单个的”；B选项independently“独立的，自立的”；C选项irrespectively“无关地，不考虑地”；D选项separately“分别地；分离地”。填入一个意义与collectively“全体地”相反的副词做状语，individually“单独的，单个的”最合适，句意为：这99颗珍珠和宝石，单个和加在一起，都值很多钱。故答案选A。

23.单选题

VisitorstoIndiaareoftensurprisedtofindthatTajMahalisanalmost（

）topicofconversation.

问题1选项

A.inexhausted

B.inexhaustible

C.inexhaustive

D.inexhausting

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A、D选项单词不存在，B选项inexhaustible“用不完的”；C选项inexhaustive“不详尽的、不彻底的”。句意为：到印度的旅行者通常都会惊讶的发现泰姬陵几乎是一个谈论不完的话题，B选项符合题意，故答案选B。

24.单选题

Itisonlywhenyounearlylosesomeone（

）fullyconsciousofhowmuchyouvaluehim. 

问题1选项

A.doyoubecome

B.thenyoubecome

C.thatyoubecome

D.haveyoubecome

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。本题结构为“Itis+强调部分+(that)其余部分…”强调句，这里强调的是时间状语onlywhenyounearlylosesomeone，剩余的部分是主句，结构不需要倒装。句意为：只有当你差点失去某个人，你才能充分认识到你是多么地在乎他。故选项C正确。

25.单选题

Ofvariouspartsofthespeechcontest,unplanned（

）speechisthemostdifficultpartformostcontestants.

问题1选项

A.spontaneous

B.spontaneity

C.prepared

D.synthetic

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项spontaneous“自发的，自然的”；B选项spontaneity“自发性，自然性”；C选项prepared“准备好的”；D选项synthetic“综合的，合成的”。由关键词“unplanned无准备的”可知spontaneous符合题意，句意为：在口语竞赛的不同环节中，无准备即兴演讲对于大多数选手来说都是最难的。选项A为正确答案。

26.单选题

Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe（

）duringtheday.

问题1选项

A.musthavedone

B.shouldhavedone

C.wouldhavedone

D.mayhavedone

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。musthavedone“一定已经做了某事”；shouldhavedone“本应该做某事”；wouldhavedone属于对过去事实的虚拟；mayhavedone“可能已经做了某事”。由句中关键词“nomatter不管”的对应知“可能已经做了某事”符合语境，故D项“mayhavedone”正确。

27.翻译题

Whenproprietaryinformationisaconcern,rememberthatnondisclosureagreementsmaybeapartofone’sspecifications,andthatfirmsmaybeevaluatedbasedontheircompliance.Whilevitaltechnologiesandproductdevelopmentplansmustbeprotected,foreignsourcingpartnersmusthaveadequateinformationtoenablethemtoperformtospecifications.Iftheinformationissimplytoosensitivetoshare,thatmaybeanargumentformakingthe“make”decisionratherthan“buy”inconsideringoutsourcingattheoutset.

【答案】

当涉及到专有信息时，请谨记：保密协议可作为个人规范的一部分，并可基于协议的遵守情况评估公司。尽管关键技术和产品研发计划必须受到保护，但是国外的采购合作商也必须拥有足够的信息才能按照规格操作。如果这些信息太敏感而无法共享，这可能说明，在开始考虑外包时，需做出“制造”而不是“购买”的决定。

28.单选题

Seventeenth-centuryhousesincolonialNorthAmericaweresimplestructuresthatwereprimarilyfunctionalcarryingovertraditionaldesignsthatwentbacktotheMiddleAges.Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecolonistsbuiltfinehouse.

Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.Inventoriesofcoloniallibrariesshowanastonishingnumberofthesehandbooksforbuilders,andthehouseserectedduringtheeighteenthcenturyshowtheirinfluence.Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.

Increasingwealthandgrowingsophisticationthroughoutthecoloniesresultedinhousesofimproveddesign,whetherthematerialwaswood,stone,orbrick.NewEnglandstillfavoredwood,thoughbrickhousesbecamecommoninBostonandothertowns,wherethedangeroffiregaveanimpetustotheuseofmoredurablematerial.AfewhousesinNewEnglandwerebuiltofstone,butonlyinPennsylvaniaandadjacentareaswasstonewidelyusedindwellings.AnincreaseduseofbrickinhousedandoutbuildingsisnoticeableinVirginiaandMaryland,butwoodremainedthatmostpopularmaterialeveninhousesbuiltbywealthylandowners.IntheCarolinas,evenincloselypackedCharleston,woodenhousesweremuchmorecommonthanbrickhouse.

Eighteenth-centuryhousesshowedgreatinteriorimprovementsovertheirpredecessors.Windowsweremadelargerandshuttersremoved.Large,clearpanesreplacedthesmallleadedglassoftheseventeenthcentury.Doorwayswerelargerandmoredecorative.Fireplacesbecamedecorativefeaturesofrooms.Wallsweremadofplasterorwood,sometimeselaboratelypaneled.Whitepaintbegantotaketheplaceofblues,yellows,greens,andleadcolors,whichhadbeenpopularforwallsintheearlieryears.Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whatwasoneofthemainreasonsforthechangeinarchitecturalstyleineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowasresponsiblefordesigninghousesineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?

4.Thepassageimpliesthattherulesoutlinedinarchitecturalmanualswere（

）.

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheuseofwallpaperbefore1730?

问题1选项

A.Theimproveddesignofeighteenth-centurycolonialhouses.

B.Acomparisonofeighteenth-centuryhousesandmodernhouses.

C.Thedecorationsusedineighteenth-centuryhouses.

D.Theroleofcarpentersinbuildingeighteenth-centuryhouses.

问题2选项

A.Morearchitectsarrivedinthecolonies.

B.Thecolonistsdevelopedaninterestinclassicalarchitecture.

C.Bricksweremorereadilyavailable.

D.Thecolonistshadmoremoneytospendonhousing.

问题3选项

A.Professionalarchitects

B.Customers

C.Interiordecorators

D.Carpenters

问题4选项

A.generallyignored

B.legallybinding

C.notstrictlyadheredto

D.onlyfollowedbyolderbuilders

问题5选项

A.Wallpapersamplesappearedinthearchitecturalmanuals.

B.Wallpaperwasthesamecolorasthewallpaintsused.

C.Patternedwallpaperwasnotwidelyused.

D.Wallpaperwasnotusedinstonehouse.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。定位到文章第一段中第二句“Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.”这句转折性的话语，提出了本文主要讨论的问题是“18世纪殖民地房屋设计的改进”。故正确答案选A。

2.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第一段提到了北美房屋建筑在18世纪发生变化，根据第一段最后一句提到“Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecoloniesbuiltfinehouses随着财富的增加，越来越多的殖民者建造比较精美的房屋”，由此可知，因为殖民者的财富增加，他们可以花更多的钱在建筑房屋上面，所以建筑风格发生了一定的变化。故正确答案选D。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段第一句“Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitectura