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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题
Andthetopic“fat”isforbidden.Eventheslightestpaunchbetraysthatoneislosingthetrimand(
)ofyouth.
问题1选项
A.vague
B.vigor
C.vogue
D.vulgar
【答案】B
【解析】考查形似词辨析。vague“模糊的;含糊的”,形容词;vigor“活力;精力”,名词;vogue“时尚;流行”,名词;vulgar“粗俗的;通俗的”,形容词。句意:“肥胖”的话题被禁止了。即使是稍微隆起的小肚子都暴露出他正失去青春活力。选项B符合题意。
2.翻译题
TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish
科学实验的重要性
现代科学的兴起也许要追溯到罗杰·培根的时代。罗杰·培根是牛津杰出的僧侣和哲学家。他出生于1214年,死于1292年。他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们必须通过对周围事物进行观察和实验来学习科学的人,他自己也有许多卓越的发现。然而,生活在三百多年之后的伽利略(1564-1642),却是好几个伟大人物中最伟大的一个,这些人在意大利、法国、德国和英国开始逐步使人们看到许多重要的真理是可以通过掌握得当的观察去发现的。在伽利略之前,学者们相信大的物体掉到地面比小的物体要快,因为亚里士多德是这样说的。可是伽利略登上比萨斜塔的顶端,让两个体积不相等的铁球同时落地,从而向一些他带去观看实验的朋友们证明,亚里士多德错了。正是伽利略的这种直接到大自然中去通过实验来证明我们的判断和理论的精神,导致了现代科学的伟大发现。
【答案】TheImportanceofScientificExperiments
TheriseofmodernsciencemayperhapsdatebacktothetimeofRogerBacon,theoutstandingmonkandphilosopherofOxford,whowasbornon1241,anddiedon1292.Hewasprobablythemanwhofirstlyproposedthatwemuststudysciencebyobservingandexperimentingonthesurroundingthings,andmademanyremarkablediscoverieshimself.However,Galileo,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmen.Theyshowedpeoplehowmanyimportanttruthscouldbediscoveredbywell-directedobservationinItaly,France,Germany,orEngland.BeforethetimeofGalileo,scholarsbelievedthatlargeobjectsfalltothegroundfasterthansmallones,becauseAristotlesaidso.GoingtothetopoftheLeaningTowerofPisa,Galileoletfalltwounequalironballsatthesametime,andprovedtothosewhomhehadbroughttheretoseehisexperimentthatAristotlewaswrong.ItwasGalileo’sspiritofgoingdirecttoNature,andprovingouropinionsandtheoriesthroughexperiments,thatledtothegreatdiscoveriesofmodernsociety.
3.单选题
Thepalmtreelookedasifit(
)foralongtime.
问题1选项
A.hasn’twatered
B.didn’twater
C.hadn’tbeenwatered
D.wasn’twatered
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。Asif引导一个表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的句子。主语的谓语动词是一般过去时,因此虚拟语气的谓语动词要用过去完成时。选项C符合题意。
4.单选题
AlthoughGuthmanwasa(
)ofseveralcampaigns,hehadneverseenactiononthefrontlines.
问题1选项
A.veteran
B.volunteer
C.victim
D.villain
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。veteran“老兵;富有经验的人”;volunteer“志愿者;志愿兵”;victim“受害人;牺牲者”;villain“坏人;罪犯”。句意:尽管古斯曼是参加过几场战役的老兵,但是她从来没有见过前线的场景。选项A符合题意。
5.单选题
HenoticedthatJoanwasstudyinghimclosely,butherexpressiongaveawaynothingofwhatshewasthinking.
问题1选项
A.revealed
B.disposed
C.reminded
D.distributed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他注意到琼在仔细打量他,但她的表情丝毫没有……她在想什么。reveal“显示,透露”;dispose“处理,安排”;remind“提醒,使想起”;distribute“分配”。根据“herexpression”和“whatshewasthinking”之间的关系可以推测出划线单词的意思是“透露”,因此选项A符合题意。
6.单选题
Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth.Atthetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceismeasuredbyyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems;toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels;andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionofintelligenceassertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresofself-fulfillment.Itencouragesakindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.
Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.Problemsolvingisausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,orataminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,thenyouareintelligent.YouareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweaponagainstthebigN.B.D.—NervousBreakDown.
“Intelligent”peopledonothaveN.B.D.sbecausetheyareinchargeofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepression;becausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsoftheirlives.
Youcanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeings.Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileotherscollapseorhaveaN.B.D.Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,theconventionalnotionofintelligencemeasuredintermsofone’sabilitytoread,writeandcompute(
).
2.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatholdingauniversitydegree
(
).
3.Theauthorthinksthatanintelligentpersonknows
(
).
4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthortellsusthat
(
).
5.Whatkindofpeoplearerareaccordingtothepassage?
问题1选项
A.iswidelyheldbutwrongconcept
B.willhelpeliminateintellectualprejudice
C.istherootofallmentaldistress
D.willcontributetoone’sself-fulfillment
问题2选项
A.mayresultinone’sinabilitytosolvecomplexreal-lifeproblems
B.doesnotindicateone’sabilitytowriteproperlywordeddocuments
C.maymakeonementallysickandphysicallyweak
D.doesnotmeanthatoneishighlyintelligent
问题3选项
A.howtoputupwithsomeveryprevalentmyths
B.howtofindthebestwaytoachievesuccessinlife
C.howtoavoiddepressionandmakehislifeworthwhile
D.howtopersuadeotherstocompromise
问题4选项
A.difficultiesarebutpartofeveryone’slife
B.depressionandunhappinessareunavoidableinlife
C.everybodyshouldlearntoavoidtryingcircumstances
D.goodfeelingscancontributetoeventualacademicexcellence
问题5选项
A.Thosewhodon’temphasizebookishexcellenceintheirpursuitofhappiness.
B.Thosewhoareawareofdifficultiesinlifebutknowhowtoavoidunhappiness.
C.ThosewhomeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsbutseldomsufferfromN.B.
D.s.D.Thosewhoareabletosecurehappinessthoughhavingtostruggleagainsttryingcircumstances.
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:B
【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“在传统概念中,智力是根据人的读、写和计算能力来衡量的,作者对此的看法是什么?”文章第一段第一句提到“掌控自己能让一些流行的错误观念结束”(Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyth),接着作者又提到位于这些错误观念之首的便是智力的诠释。因此,在作者看来,认为“智力是根据人的读写和计算能力来衡量”是错误的,选项A符合题意。
第2题:推理判断题。题目问的是“文章中暗示拥有大学学位意味着什么?”文章第一段提到“我们开始相信一个拥有教育荣誉徽章并且擅长某一学科的人是有‘智力’的。然而精神病院很多病人拥有所有形式的证书”(Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates),由此可知,学历并不代表智力。选项D符合题意。
第3题:细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为拥有智力的人知道什么?”文章第二段第一句提到“如果你快乐,如果你每时每刻都为值得的一切生活,那么你就是一个有智力的人”(Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson),所以在作者看来,有智力的人知道怎样让自己的人生有价值,选项C符合题意。
第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“作者在最后一段告诉了我们什么?”文章最后一段第二、三句提到“我们每个人都要为生存而斗争,这都是一样的。每个人都与他相关联的人有着相似的困难”(Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsineverysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties),说明每个人在生活中都会遇上困难,但这只是生活的一部分,选项A符合题意。
第5题:细节事实题。题目问的是“由文章可知哪种人很少见?”文章最后一段最后一句话提到“坦诚问题是生活状况的一部分,并且不以‘没有问题’作为衡量快乐的标准的人是有智力的人,但是这种人很稀少”(Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumanweknow;also,themostrare),因此选项B“意识到生活中的困难,但是知道如何避免不快乐的人”符合题意。
7.单选题
(
)themostofanyadvicewhichyoucangetfromtheinterviewerandfollowupsuggestionsforimprovingyourpresentationandqualifications.
问题1选项
A.Take
B.Keep
C.Have
D.Make
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。makethemostof“最大限度地利用”。句意:最大限度地利用并且听从面试官给的建议来提高你的陈述方式和素养。选项D符合题意。
8.单选题
Alltheflights(
)becauseofthesnowstorm,wehadtotakethetraininstead.
问题1选项
A.werecanceled
B.hadbeencanceled
C.havingcanceled
D.havingbeencanceled
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语是“alltheflights”,句子主语是“we”,一个句子中不能有两个谓语动词,因此选项A、B可以排除;flights与cancel是被动关系,所以选项D符合题意。
9.单选题
Mrs.Blackfindsthatherpianohasalwayshadthemagicpoweroftakingherawayfromthegrimrealitiesofdailylifeand(
)hertofairylandofherownonceshestartedtoplay.
问题1选项
A.transforming
B.transporting
C.transplanting
D.transcending
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。transform“改变,使……变形”;transport“运输;流放;使狂喜";transplant“移植;移栽;使移居”;transcend“胜过,超越”。句意:布莱克太太发现只要她一弹钢琴,自己就会被这架有魔法的钢琴从现实世界带入到自己的仙境。选项B符合题意。
10.单选题
Aweathermapisanimportanttoolforgeographers.Asuccessionofthreeorfourmapspresentsacontinuouspictureofweatherchanges.Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts;todeterminewhetheranindividualpressureareaisdeepeningorbecomingshallowandwhetherafrontisincreasingordecreasinginintensity.Theyarealsoabletodeterminewhetheranairmassisretainingitsoriginalcharacteristicsortakingonthoseofthesurfaceoverwhichitismoving.Thus,amostsignificantfunctionofthemapistorevealasynopticpictureofconditionsintheatmosphereatagiventime.
Allstudentsofgeographyshouldbeabletointerpretaweathermapaccurately.Weathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea.Theyrevealinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribe.TheUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstorms,floods,frosts,droughts,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitissuesa30-day“outlook”whichisaroughguidetoweatherconditionslikelytooccuroverbroadareasoftheUnitedStates.These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelwhichoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmasses,frontsandstorms.
Considerableeffortisbeingexertedtodaytoachievemoreaccurateweatherpredictions.Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellites,enormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations.Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudies.
1.OnecharacteristicofweathermapsNOTmentionedbytheauthorinthispassageis(
).
2.The30-dayforecastisdeterminedbyexamining
(
).
3.Theobservationofweatherconditionsbysatellitesisadvantageousbecauseit
(
).
4.Atthepresenttime,experimentsarebeingconductedin(
).
5.Aweathermapissynopticbecauseit(
).
问题1选项
A.fronts
B.changesintemperature
C.frost
D.windspeed
问题2选项
A.dailyweathermaps
B.upperairlevels
C.satellitereports
D.changingfronts
问题3选项
A.ismodernandprofitableforthecompaniesinvolved
B.useselectronicinstrumentstomeasuretheweatheronadailybasis
C.enablesmantoeasilyaltertheweathertohisadvantageandprofit
D.givesthescientistsinformationnotobtainedreadilyotherwise
问题4选项
A.manipulatingweather
B.determiningdensityofpressuregroups
C.satellites
D.controllingstorms
问题5选项
A.summarizesagreatdealofinformation
B.appearsdaily
C.showschangingfronts
D.canbeinterpretedaccurately
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:A
【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“以下选项中哪个没在文章中被提到?”文章第一段提到“天气预报员可以确定气团和气锋……”(Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts...);文章第二段提到“美国国家气象局通常发布有关即将到来的暴风雨、洪水、霜冻、干旱和所有气候情况的信息”(heUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstorms,floods,frosts,droughts,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral),由此可知,只有选项B没有被提及,符合题意。
第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“30天的预报是由什么决定的?”文章第二段最后一句话提到“这三十天的天气预报建立在对上层空气分析的基础上,而上层空气经常为气团、气锋和暴风雨的发展创造条件”(These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelwhichoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmasses,frontsandstorms),由此可知选项B“上层空气”符合题意。
第3题:推理判断题。题目问的是“卫星来观测天气的优势是什么?”文章最后一段提到“通过电子仪器和地球卫星,人们近年来在识别和跟踪仅有少量气象站的地区的暴风雨方面取得了很大的收获”(Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellites,enormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations),选项D“提供给科学家们在其他方面不容易获得的信息”符合题意。
第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“实验正在哪些方面操作?”文章最后一段最后一句话提到“大量实验正在为了气象改造而被进行着”(Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudies),因此选项A“操纵天气”符合题意。
第5题:细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么说气象图是气象学?”文章第二段提到“气象图包含着大量关于天气情况的信息,这些天气情况在观察时间存在于一个大的地理区域上”(Weathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea),选项A“包含很多信息”符合题意。
11.单选题
Scientificintegrityisasmuchamatterofself-interestasitisof(
).
问题1选项
A.self-esteem
B.self-deceiving
C.selfishness
D.self-improvement
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。self-esteem“自尊;自负;自大”;self-deceiving“自欺的”;selfishness“自私自利”;self-improvement“自我改善;自我修养”。句意:科学诚信有关尊严,更是与自身利益有关的事情。选项A符合题意。
12.单选题
Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.
AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.
Imitatingthebrain'sneural(神经的)networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.
Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.
1.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday(
).
2.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfrom
(
).
3.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto
(
).
4.What’stheauthor'sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?
5.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase“theonlygameintown”(Line3,Para.4)?
问题1选项
A.arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheshapeofanobject.
B.areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehavior
C.arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50s
D.stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage
问题2选项
A.theshiftofthefocusofstudyontotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjects
B.thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogicalstep-by-stepprograms
C.theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-oldchild
D.theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells.
问题3选项
A.findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputers
B.buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitches
C.findouthowintelligencedevelopedinnature
D.separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought
问题4选项
A.Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout.
B.It'sbreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.
C.It'smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort.
D.Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects.
问题5选项
A.Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.
B.Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.
C.Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.
D.Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:A
【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段最后两句话提到“尽管电脑很有用,但是它们还不能像早期期待那样拥有像人类一样的行为。更不用说像谈话这样复杂的行为:最厉害的计算机也很难分辨出图形,而这还只是一个十个月大的人类婴儿就能做到的事情”(Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid),由此可知电脑并不会谈话,选项D“不能用语言与人类进行交流”符合题意。
第2题:细节事实题。文章第三段最后两句话提到“康纳德认为许多大脑的能力源自于每个脑细胞的单个分子的模式识别能力。制作人工智能设备最好的方法是用大致相同的分子技术”(Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills),由此可知选项B“认为人工智能不能用一步一步的逻辑来复制”符合题意。
第3题:推理判断题。文章第三段最后两句话提到“康纳德认为许多大脑的能力源自于每个脑细胞的单个分子的模式识别能力。制作人工智能设备最好的方法是用大致相同的分子技术”(Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills),由此可知选项C“发现智力在本质上是怎么形成的”符合题意。
第4题:细节事实题。文章第二段最后一句话提到“早期努力的结果即充满希望又很奇特,以自然人工智能为基础的研究发展虽然缓慢,但却成为该领域的前沿”(Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield),由此可知,新人工智能的前景不明确,但是依旧是前沿;以及第三段第一句提到“康纳德认为计算机模仿大脑神经网络是朝正确方向的一大步”(Imitatingthebrain'sneural(神经的)networkisahugestepintherightdirection)。因此选项D“这个方向被证明是对的,虽然没人能肯定其前景”符合题意。
第5题:推理判断题。文章第三段最后一句话提到“康拉德宣称制造人工智能装置最好的方法是用大致相同的分子技术”(Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills),选项A符合题意。
13.单选题
130yearslater,thissinglewallstillstandshereinmute(
)totheRevolutionofParisCommunein1873.
问题1选项
A.testimony
B.memory
C.tribute
D.evidence
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。testimony“证词;证据”;memory“记忆;内存”;tribute“致敬;悼念”;evidence“证据;证明”。句意:130年后,这面墙仍然站在那里默默见证1873年的巴黎公社革命。选项A符合题意。
14.单选题
MissTracymovedtoNewYorkintheearly1960s,apparentlytoescapejealousfriendswhowerebecomingincreasingly(
)ofhersuccess.
问题1选项
A.delightful
B.graceful
C.resentful
D.respectful
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。delightful“可爱的;令人愉快的”;graceful“优雅的”;resentful“气愤的;厌恶的”;respectful“恭敬的;有礼貌的”。句意:特雷西女士在20世纪六十年早期搬到了纽约,明显是为了逃离那些对她的成功嫉恨的朋友。选项C符合题意。
15.单选题
Thestudentsareallfrom(
)countries,suchasSingapore,India,KoreanandJapan.
问题1选项
A.developing
B.oriental
C.island
D.Christian
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。developing“发展中的”;oriental“东方的;东方人的”;island“岛的”;Christian“基督教的;信基督教的”。句意:这些学生都来自东方国家,比如新加坡、印度、韩国、还有日本。选项B符合题意。
16.单选题
Itmustguidepublicopinion,afterpresenting(
)bothsidesofeveryissueandpointingouttoreaderswhatmeasuresseemtopromisethegreatergoodforthegreaternumber.
问题1选项
A.inquisitively
B.inconceivably
C.appallingly
D.impartially
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词辨析题。inquisitively“好问地,过分好奇地”;inconceivably“不可思议地”;appallingly“使人惊骇地”;impartially“公正地”。句意:公平地展现每个问题的两面并向读者指出什么样的方式能够保证绝大部分人的利益,这样就肯定能引导公众舆论。选项D符合题意。
17.单选题
IsupposeyouarenotleavingforBeijingtoday,(
)?
问题1选项
A.areyou
B.doyou
C.aren’tyou
D.don’tyou
【答案】A
【解析】考查反义疑问句。句中“Isuppose”是一个插入语,陈述部分“youarenot…”是否定意义,因此疑问部分应该用肯定意义,选项A符合题意。
18.单选题
Beingbothspoiledandlazy,theboy(
)everyoneelseforhislackofsuccess.
问题1选项
A.criticized
B.blamed
C.charged
D.accused
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。criticize“批评”;blame“责备,归咎于”;charge“控诉,告诫”;accuse“控告,谴责”。blame常与for连用;charge后跟for;accuse后接of。根据“forhislackofsuccess”可知选项B符合题意。
19.单选题
TheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncilestablishedtheICTRin1995totrytheallegedperpetratorsofthe1994(
)inRwandathatclaimedthelivesofmorethan800,000people.
问题1选项
A.genocide
B.immigration
C.discrimination
D.election
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。genocide“种族灭绝,种族屠杀”;immigration“移民”;discrimination“歧视,区别”;election“选举;当选”。句意:联合国安理会于1995年建立了卢旺达国际刑事法庭,来审判1994年导致八十多万人死亡的卢旺达大屠杀中被指控的凶手。选项A符合题意。
20.单选题
Intheory,governmentsarefreetosettheirowneconomicpolicies;inpractice,theymustconformtoaglobaleconomicmodelorriskbeing(
)bythemarket.
问题1选项
A.replaced
B.overlooked
C.saturated
D.penalized
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。replace“代替;更换”;overlook“忽略;俯瞰;远眺;检查”;saturate“使湿透;使饱和”;penalize“惩罚”。句意:理论上,政府有制定经济政策的自由;实际上,他们必须遵守国际经济模式或冒险被市场惩罚。选项D符合题意。
21.单选题
FromWillink’s(
)manner,peoplecantellthatheisofroyalbirth.
问题1选项
A.boorish
B.regal
C.rude
D.vulgar
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。boorish“粗野的;粗鲁的”;regal“王室的;庄严的;豪华的”;rude“粗鲁的;无礼的”;vulgar“粗俗的;通俗的”。句意:从威克林王室的举止来看,人们能判断他出生皇室。选项B符合题意。
22.单选题
“Doyouwanttoseemydriver’slicenseormypassport?”
“Oh,(
)."
问题1选项
A.eitherdoeswell
B.eitheronewilldo
C.eachoneisgood
D.eachwillbefine
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。Either表示“两者中的任何一个”,each表示“两者中的每一个”。因此根据题干可知应该用either,时态应是将来时,所以选项B符合题意。
23.单选题
Much(
)Ihavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequalherinthoroughness,whateverthejob.
问题1选项
A.when
B.more
C.farther
D.as
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒装结构。这是由as引导的让步状语从句结构,需要倒装,但不是主谓倒装而是将被强调的内容放在句首,选项D符合题意。
24.单选题
Whenwecreditthesuccessfulpeoplewithintelligence,physicalstrengthorgoodluck,wearemakingexcusesforourselvesbecausewefall(
)inallthree.
问题1选项
A.rare
B.lacking
C.short
D.scarce
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。rare“稀罕的”;lacking“缺乏的;匮乏的”;short“缺乏的”;scarce“不足的”。句意:当我们知晓成功人士拥有智力、体力和好运时,我们在为自己找借口,因为我们缺少这三样。fallshort固定搭配,意思是“缺乏”,选项C符合题意。
25.单选题
Duringtheoilcrisisofthe1970s,manystates(
)speedlimitstoreducegasolineuse.
问题1选项
A.implanted
B.imposed
C.impaired
D.impressed
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。implant“种植;灌输”;impose“强加,征税”;impair“损害;削弱”;impress“盖印;给人留下印象”。句意:在1970石油危机期间,很多州强制限速来减少对石油的消耗。选项B符合题意。
26.单选题
Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute(
)ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponoursenseorgans;thegreatmajoritypassusby.
问题1选项
A.fiction
B.function
C.fraction
D.friction
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fiction“小说,虚构的事”;function“功能,职能”;fraction“小部分,少量”;friction“摩擦,冲突”。句意:我们只能察觉到被我们感官所接收的很少一部分的景象和声音,而忽视了大部分。选项C符合题意。
27.单选题
Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis(1)tosayitanyway.Heisthat
(2)
bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently
(3)
anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot
(4)thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.
Evenhe,however,mighttrembleatthe
(5)
ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly
(6)
thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin
(7)
areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.
ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,scoring12-15pointsabovethe
(8)
valueof100,andhavecontributeddisproportionatelytotheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe
(9)
oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,affirmtheyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,
(10)
havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen
(11)
socialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionofvaluingeducation.Thelatterwasseenasa(n)
(12)
ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately(13)
.Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas
(14)
themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis
(15)
stateofaffairs.
问题1选项
A.selected
B.prepared
C.obliged
D.pleased
问题2选项
A.unique
B.particular
C.special
D.rare
问题3选项
A.of
B.with
C.in
D.against
问题4选项
A.subsequently
B.presently
C.previously
D.lately
问题5选项
A.thought
B.sight
C.cost
D.risk
问题6选项
A.advises
B.suggests
C.protests
D.objects
问题7选项
A.progress
B.fact
C.need
D.question
问题8选项
A.normal
B.common
C.mean
D.total
问题9选项
A.missions
B.fortunes
C.interests
D.careers
问题10选项
A.moreover
B.therefore
C.however
D.meanwhile
问题11选项
A.givenup
B.gotover
C.carriedon
D.getdown
问题12选项
A.development
B.origin
C.consequence
D.instrument
问题13选项
A.linked
B.integrated
C.woven
D.combined
问题14选项
A.limited
B.subjected
C.converted
D.directed
问题15选项
A.paradoxical
B.incompatible
C.inevitable
D.continuous
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:A
第6题:B
第7题:D
第8题:C
第9题:D
第10题:C
第11题:C
第12题:C
第13题:A
第14题:B
第15题:A
【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。空格处前面一句提到“有些人可能比其他人聪明,这种观点是一种不敢冠之以名的假设”,由“but”这个转折词可知GregoryCochran打算就这个观点阐述自己的道理,bepreparedto是固定搭配,意思是“准备做……”,选项B符合题意。
第2题:考查固定搭配。Rarebird是固定搭配,意思是“稀有之人或物”。根据后文“ascientistwhoworksindependently”(一个独自工作的科学家),可知选项D符合题意。
第3题:考查固定搭配。Independentlyofsth.的意思是“独立于……之外”。选项A符合题意。
第4
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