2022年考研考博-考博英语-新疆大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号49

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-新疆大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.不定项选择题

Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecoverysystems.These-systemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,where,highratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformofgeysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,however,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspontaneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.

Asaresultoftherecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichinvolvedrillingholesandconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebeingdeveloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDR’s,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.

TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150℃,isatdepthslessthantenkilometers,andcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.Althoughwellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnicallyfeasible,prevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslydeterminethecommercialfeasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas100°Cmaybeusefulforspaceheating;however,forproducingelectricity,temperaturesgreaterthan200°Caredesirable.

Thegeothermalgradient,whichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreachadesiredtemperature,isamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermalresources.TemperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperaturedepthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.(Therearemanyareas,however,forwhichnotemperaturegradientrecordsexist.)

IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoatenkilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.Ifweconservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2percentisrecoverable,wefindatotalthatiscomparabletotheestimatedresourcebaseofallthecoalremainingintheUnitedStates.Theremainingproblemistobalancetheeconomicsofdeeper,hotter,morecostlywellsandshallower,cooler,lessexpensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproduct,electricityand/orheat.

8.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

9.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina（）.

10.Accordingtopassage,anaveragegeothermalgradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthcanbeusedto（）.

11.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheavailabilityoftemperature-depthrecordsforanyspecificareasintheUnitedStatesdependsprimarilyonthe（）.

12.Accordingtothepassage,inallHDRrecoverysystemsfluidwillbenecessaryinordertoallow（）.

13.Accordingtothepassage,iftheaveragegeothermalgradientinanarea22°Cperkilometerofdepth,whichofthefollowingcanbereliablypredicted?

I.Thetemperatureatthebaseofa10-kilometerwellwillbesufficientfortheproductionofelectricity.

II.Drillingofwellsdeeperthan10kilometerswillbeeconomicallyfeasible.

III.Insufficientwaterispresenttoproduceemotivephenomena.

14.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.alertreaderstotheexistenceofHDRsasanavailableenergysource

B.documentthechallengesthathavebeensurmountedintheefforttorecoverenergyfromHDRs

C.warntheusersofcoalandoilthatHDRsarenotaneconomicallyfeasiblealternative

D.encouragetheuseofnewtechniquesfortherecoveryofenergyfromundergroundhotwaterandsteam

E.urgeconsumerstodemandquickerdevelopmentofHDRresourcesfortheproductionofenergy

问题2选项

A.petrologicalresearchreportfocusedonthehistoryoftemperature-depthrecordsintheUnitedStates

B.congressionalreporturgingtheconservationofoilandnaturalgasresentsintheUnitedStates

C.technicaljournalarticleconcernedwiththerecoverabilityofnewlyidentifiedenergysources

D.consumerreportdescribingtheextentandaccessibilityofremainingcoalresources

E.pamphletdesignedtointroducehomeownerstotheadvantagesofHDRspace-heatingsystems

问题3选项

A.balancetheeconomicsofHDRenergyretrievalagainstthatofundergroundhotwaterorsteamrecoverysystems

B.determinetheamountofenergythatwillbeusedforspaceheatingintheUnitedStates

C.providecomparisonsbetweenhotwaterandHDRenergysourcesintheUnitedStates

D.revisetheestimatesontheextentofremainingcoalresourcesintheUnitedStates

E.estimatethetotalHDRresourcebaseinUnitedStates

问题4选项

A.possibilitythatHDR’smaybefoundinthatarea

B.existenceofpreviousattemptstoobtainoilorgasinthatarea

C.historyofsuccessfulhotwaterorsteamrecoveryeffortsinthatarea

D.failureofinhabitantstoconserveoilorgasreservesinthatarea

E.useofcoalasasubstituteforoilorgasinthatarea

问题5选项

A.sufficientpermeability

B.artificialsimulation

C.drillingofholes

D.constructionofreservoirs

E.transferofheat

问题6选项

A.Ionly

B.IIonly

C.IandIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

E.I,IIandIII

问题7选项

A.EnergyfromWaterSources:TheFeasibilityofCommercialSystems

B.GeothermalEnergyRetrieval:VolcanicActivityandHotDryRocks

C.EnergyUnderground:GeothermalSourcesGiveWaytoFossilFuels

D.TappableEnergyforAmerica’sFuture:HotDryRocks

E.HighGeothermalGradientsintheUnitedStates:MythorReality?

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:E

第6题:A

第7题:D

【解析】8.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】作者意图题。各选项的意思是：A：提醒读者HDRs作为一种可用能源的存在；B：列举在从HDRs中恢复能源的努力中所克服的挑战；C：警告煤炭和石油的用户，HDRs在经济上不是可行的替代品；D：鼓励使用从地下热水和蒸汽中回收能源的新技术；E：敦促消费者要求更快开发用于能源生产的HDR资源。本文是一篇说明文。作者第一段提出了潜在的干热岩（HDR）油藏，第二段提出了HDR开采系统的新概念，后面则指出了一些限制性问题，如技术、经济因素以及地温梯度等，最后一段指出HDR的资源基础非常大并且列举了一些问题：剩下的问题是如何平衡深、热、高成本井和浅、冷、低成本井的经济效益，以及最终产品、电或热的价值，因此B项“列举在从HDRs中恢复能源的努力中所克服的挑战”正确。

9.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。各选项的意思是：A：专注于美国温度深度记录的历史的岩石学研究报告；B：敦促美国保护石油和天然气的国会报告；C：关于新发现能源的可回收性的技术期刊文章；D：描述剩余煤炭资源的范围和可及性的消费者报告；E：为向业主介绍HDR空间供暖系统的优点而设计的小册子。本文旨在提醒读者HDR可作为可利用能源，并列举了在从HDRs中恢复能源的努力中所克服的挑战，所以，这篇文章可能出现在C项“关于新发现能源的可回收性的技术期刊”上。

10.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。各选项的意思是：A：平衡HDR能源回收与地下热水或蒸汽回收系统的经济性；B：确定在美国将用于空间供暖的能量；C：对美国的热水和HDR能源提供比较；D：更正对美国剩余煤炭资源范围的估计；E：估计美国HDR资源总量。根据题干关键词“averagegeothermalgradientof22°vperkilometerofdepth”定位至最后一段：IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°nperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates（迹象表明，HDR的能源库巨大。如果按每公里深度的地热梯度平均为22摄氏度计算，美国10公里深的地壳岩石中含有总能量惊人的13000000万亿B.T.U.），因此D项“estimatethetotalHDRresourcebase（估计美国HDR资源总量）”符合文意。

11.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。各选项的意思是：A：在那个地区发现HDR的可能性；B：以前曾在该地区获取石油或天然气的尝试；C：该地区热水或蒸汽回收工作的成功历史；D：那个地区的居民没有保存石油或天然气储备；E：在那个地区使用煤作为石油或天然气的替代品。第四段指出：“TemperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperaturedepthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates（由美国石油地质学家协会保存的油气井温度-深度记录生成的温度梯度图表明可开发的高温梯度分布在美国各地）”。因此B项“以前曾在该地区获取石油或天然气的尝试”符合文意。

12.【试题答案】E

【试题解析】事实细节题。各选项的意思是：A：足够的渗透率；B：人工刺激；C：钻孔；D：水库建设；E：热传递。由题干关键词fluid定位至第二段：InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDR’s,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock（在所有试图从HDR中回收能量的尝试中，都需要人工增产来创造足够的渗透性或有边界的流动路径，以便通过岩石表面的流体循环来清除热量），由此可知，流体是用来散除热量的，故选E项。

13.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干关键词averagegeothermalgradientinanarea22°Cperkilometerofdepth定位至第五段。这一段讲HDR的resourcebase（资源储量）非常大，然后用22℃的情况对能源进行估计（说明能源很多）。最后一句说，remainingproblem剩下的问题是如何平衡深、热、高成本井和浅、冷、低成本井的经济效益，以及最终产品、电或热的价值。再看选项：

I根据这段内容，言下之意energy充足，发电完全可能（剩下唯一需要考虑的是投入成本），正确。

II因为还有投入成本需要考虑，当然不是economicallyfeasible，不对。

III这一段没提到，直接排除。

因此，答案选A项。

14.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。各选项的意思是：A：水源能源：商业系统的可行性；B：地热能源回收：火山活动和干热岩石；C：地下能源：地热资源被化石燃料取代；D：美国未来的可开发能源：干热岩石；E：美国地热梯度高：传说还是现实？本文讲述了HDR能源在美国的发现及应用前景，通篇的关键词为HDR。D项“美国未来的可开发能源：干热岩石”最适合做文章的标题。

2.单选题

Wehavenotyetbeeninformed（）.

问题1选项

A.concerningtheonewhobrokethewindow

B.abouttheidentityoftheindividualwhoisresponsibleforbreakingthewindow

C.ofthewindow-breaker

D.astowhobrokethewindow

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词inform的用法，inform一般和介词of或about构成搭配，informsb.(of/aboutsth.)表示“知会；通知；通告”，因此C项正确。句意：关于谁是破窗而入者，我们还未接到通知。

3.填空题

Directions:YouaregoingtoreadamagazinearticleaboutthemeparksinBritain.Forquestions34-40,choosefromthethemeparks(A-E).Thethemeparksmaybechosenmorethanonce.Thereisanexampleatthebeginning(0).Markyouranswersontheseparateanswersheet.

Ofwhichthemeparksarethefollowingstated?

Wehadnopreviousexperienceofplaceslikethis.(0)B

Thechildrenwereallyoungenoughtoenjoyit.(34)（）

Itwasgoodthatyoucouldfindsomewheretorest.(35)（）

Itwasmoreenjoyablethanwehadexpected.(36)（）

Thechildrendisagreedaboutwhatwasthemostfrighteningride.(37)（）

Thesurroundingsarenotparticularlyattractive.(38)（）

Wedidn’tmindhavingtowaittogoontherides.(39)（）

Oneoftheridesseemedtofinishveryquickly.(40)（）

VariationsonaTheme

Ifyou’rethinkingoftakingchildrentoathemepark,therearedozenstochoosefrominBritain.Weaskedfivefamiliestotestthebest.

A.FunIsland

JanandSteveBurnstookdaughterSamantha,3,andhercousinsGary,8,andJemma,10.

LastyearwewenttoahugethemeparkintheUSandwethoughtthatFunIslandmightseemdullbycomparison.Infact,wewereimpressed.Theparktrieshardtocaterforyoungerchildren,soourthree-year-olddidn’tfeelleftout.ThekidsalllovedtheCrocodileRideandtheGiantWheel.There’saspecialdodgemsridefortheveryyoungkids,whichwasagreatsuccess.Forolderchildren,therearescarierrides,suchasSplashOut,whereyouendupjumpinginapool!Afterfivehours,SteveandIwerereadytocallitaday,butthechildrenobjectedbecausetheywerehavingsuchfun.Ouronlycriticismwouldbethattheparkisslightlylackinginatmosphere,andthescenerylavessomethingtobedesired.Butthestaffareextremelyhelpfulandwefeltitwasclean,well-organizedandverysecurity-conscious.

B.Wonderland

MariaMcMillanandherfriendFrancestookOscar,18months,Ellie,4,Alex,5,andAlexander,6.

Noneofushadbeentoathemeparkbefore,sowedidn’tknowwhattoexpect.WethoughtOscarmightbetooyoung,butheadoredit.HewasinheavenontheMountainTrain,andparticularlylikedLittleLand,withitssmallreplicasoffamousbuildingsthatwereathislevel!Theolderchildrenenjoyedtheferriswheel,andloveddrivingthetoycarsonaproperroadlayout.Wespentsixhoursthereandweregladthattherewereplaceswhereyoucouldputyourfeetup.Thelandscapingisperfectandthestaffveryhelpfulandfriendly.Andthere’ssomethingforeveryone,adultsincluded.

C.AdventureWorld

TimJeffreeandhiswifeClaretookTimothy,3,Olivia,7,andEmma,9.

Aftersevenhourswefelttherewasstillalottosee.Thisisanenormousthemepark,extremelywellrunandfullofgoodrides.ThechildrenlovetheBigTopCircus,whichhadafantasticTrapezeactandkeptusontheedgeofourseats.WewentontheTerrorLineand,althoughthegirlswereratherscaredandkepttheireyesshutmostofthetime,theysaidthey’denjoyedit.TheirfavoriteridewasRunningRiverwhereyouthinkyouaregoingtogetsoaked,butyoudon’t.Foryoungerchildren,ToyLandisgreatfun.Thechildrenhadalookatthenewride,FearFactor,butwebreathedasighofreliefwhentheyfoundthattheyweretoosmalltogoonit!Theparkissowelldesignedthatevenqueuingforridesisn’ttooboring.It’sspotlesslyclean,andthestaffaregreat.OnonerideIcouldn’tsitwithbothgirls,soamemberofstaffofferedtogowithoneofthem.

D.TheGreatPark

JennyLangridgeandherfriendLindatookBen,6,James,9,andSophie,12.

Wearrivedatoneo’clockandweredisappointedthattheparkwasonlyopenuntil5p.m.Thisisasuperthemeparkforyoungerchildrenbecausetheridesaren’ttooterrifying.I’marealcowardbutevenIenjoyedmyself.WealladoredExoticTravels,aboatridewhichstartsoffquitetamelyandthenbecomesterrificfun.WequeuedforhalfanhourforLightningRiver,andthenitwasoverbeforeweknewit!Iwouldn’tgoontheBigLeap,butifyouhavethenerve,itlookedgreat.TherearelotsofenjoyableboatandtraintripsaroundtheparkandIfeltalltheattractionswereverysafeandwellcontrolled.Ifthechildrenhadbeenalittleolder,theymighthavefounditabittame,buttheywereallintherightagegroupandtheylovedit.

E.FantasyWorld

BillBreakallandhiswifeRuthtookSarah,10,Tom,13,Jennie,15,andBen,19.

Accordingtothepark’sadvertisingthereis“NoLimittotheFun”,andwecertainlyfeltthatwastrue.Europe’stallestroller-coaster,theRocket,dominatestheskyline,andBenthoughtitwasthemostterrifyingoftherides,althoughJenniesaidtheHanger,whereyouhangupside-down30metersabovetheground,wasevenworse!Thereareadozenorsomainrides,whichtheolderchildrenwentonseveraltimes.Sarahwastoosmallforacoupleofthem,butenjoyedtheLongSlide.Tomlovedthezooandwildlifepark.Theparkiscleanandhasgoodparkingfacilities.Wefoundthestaffattitudesweremixed.Someofthemweregreatwiththeyoungerchildren,butthewelcomewasn’talwaysaswarm.YouneedafulldaytoenjoyFantasyWorld.Wewouldn’thavedaredtellthekidsweweregoinghomeearly.

【答案】34.D

35.B

36.A

37.E

38.A

39.C

40.D

【解析】34.句意：孩子们都足够年幼，可以享受其中。由D部分中Ifthechildrenhadbeenalittleolder,theymighthavefounditabittame,buttheywereallintherightagegroupandtheylovedit.（如果孩子们再大一点，他们可能会觉得这有点乏味，但他们都在合适的年龄段，他们都很喜欢。）可知，TheGreatPark适合年幼的孩子，6岁的本、9岁的詹姆斯和12岁的索菲年龄都足够小，玩得很开心。因此本题选D。

35.句意：你能找到地方休息，这很好。由B部分中Wespentsixhoursthereandweregladthattherewereplaceswhereyoucouldputyourfeetup.（我们在那里待了6个小时，很高兴那里有可以歇脚的地方。）可知，Wonderland有可以休息的地方。因此本题选B。

36.句意：这比我们预想的要愉快得多。由A部分中LastyearwewenttoahugethemeparkintheUSandwethoughtthatFunIslandmightseemdullbycomparison.Infact,wewereimpressed.（去年我们去了美国的一个大型主题公园，我们以为相比之下，FunIsland可能会很乏味。但事实上，我们印象深刻。）可知，我们本以为FunIsland可能会很乏味，但实际上比我们预期的要玩得开心。因此本题选A。

37.句意：孩子们对什么是最可怕的项目意见不一。由E部分中Europe’stallestroller-coaster,theRocket,dominatestheskyline,andBenthoughtitwasthemostterrifyingoftherides,althoughJenniesaidtheHanger,whereyouhangupside-down30metersabovetheground,wasevenworse!（欧洲最高的过山车“火箭”占据了天际线，本认为这是最恐怖的项目，不过珍妮说倒挂在离地面30米的“倒挂金钟”更可怕！）可知，孩子们对于FantasyWorld里最可怕的项目有不同的意见。因此本题选E。

38.句意：周围的环境不是特别吸引人。由A部分中Ouronlycriticismwouldbethattheparkisslightlylackinginatmosphere,andthescenerylavessomethingtobedesired.（我们唯一的批评是该公园略微缺乏氛围，风景也有待改善。）可知，FunIsland的环境不是很好。因此本题选A。

39.句意：我们并不介意等待玩游乐项目。由C部分中Theparkissowelldesignedthatevenqueuingforridesisn’ttooboring.（这个公园设计得很好，甚至排队也不会太无聊。）可知，我们不介意在AdventureWorld排队等待玩游乐项目。因此本题选C。

40.句意：其中一个游乐项目似乎很快就结束了。由D部分中WequeuedforhalfanhourforLightningRiver,andthenitwasoverbeforeweknewit!（我们为闪电河排队半个小时，然后不知不觉就结束了！）可知，TheGreatPark中的闪电河项目似乎很快就结束了。因此本题选D。

4.单选题

Hefinishedthepaintings（）fortheexhibition.

问题1选项

A.ingoodtime

B.forthetimebeing

C.fromtimetotime

D.timeaftertime

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查介词短语用法。A选项ingoodtime“及时地，适时”，B选项forthetimebeing“暂时，眼下”，C选项fromtimetotime“不时，有时，时常”，D选项timeaftertime“不断地，反复”。句意：他在展览前及时完成了绘画。因此，A选项符合句意。

5.单选题

However,thenewlaw,oncepassed,will（）theBridlingtonagreementillegalbygivingworkerstherighttojoinunionsoftheirchoice.

问题1选项

A.convert

B.render

C.cancel

D.eliminate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项convert“转换”；B选项render“致使”；C选项cancel“取消”；D选项eliminate“消除”。句意：然而，新法律一旦通过，将导致布里德灵顿协议非法，因为工人有权加入他们自己选择的工会。本句表示导致协议非法。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Itisnecessarythatthemembershipapplicationsshouldbedispatchedimmediately.

问题1选项

A.disposedof

B.sentin

C.sentoff

D.filledout

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项disposedof“处理”；B选项sentin“递送”；C选项sentoff“寄出”；D选项filledout“填写”。句意：有必要立即发出会员申请。划线部分dispatched是发出的意思。因此C选项正确。

7.不定项选择题

TherecordedcivilizationofIndiaisoneofthelongestinthecourseofworldhistory,anditsmythology,linkedtoitsreligionsandtothedevelopmentofitscivilization,spansanevengreaterlengthoftime.Unlikethemythologyofmostcountries,particularlyWesterncountries,Indianmythologyisstillapartofthelivingcultureofthepeopleonalllevelsofsociety,fromtheilliteratemassestotheeducatedelite.

TheIndianshavealwaystendedtoretainearlybeliefsandmoldthemtoreflectnewsocialconditionsortofittheseearlybeliefsintoanewphilosophicalscheme.Thistendencyhasledtoapolytheisminwhichthenumberofdeitiesandthemythsattachedtothemareconstantlyincreasing,despiteattemptsoverthecenturiesofpriestsandphilosopherstoimposepantheism,ormonotheismonthepeople.Anotherfailureofthepriest-hoodhasbeentoeradicatethecastesystem,whichhasbeenoutlawedbutwhichislegitimizedbyIndianmythology.

Indianmythologyistrulyalivingmythology,evolvingasaconsequenceofhistoricalcircumstanceslike,dynasticchanges,economicconditions,andtheresultantsocialupheavalsexperiencedbytheIndianpeople.Inotherwords,themythologychangestoexplainandrecordactualhistoricalevents.

However,historyhasnotbeentheonlyelementatworkinchangingandmythologizingIndianreligion.Anotherlessopenlyacknowledgedfactorhasbeentheeffortsofthepriests,orBrahminstomaintainorincreasetheirpowerandinfluencewiththemassesbyweavingtheirprimitivedeitiesintothefabricoftheBrahmins’moresophisticatedreligionbymeansofmyth.Inthisway,theBrahmins,whichwerenotpoliticalrulers,maintainedandconsolidatedtheirpoweroverthemassesandtherebyensuredtheirownpositionsoftrustandprestigewiththeemperorclass.

1.Indianmythology（）.

2.Ancientbeliefsandmyths（）.

3.Indianreligionis（）.

4.Thecastesystemis（）.

5.ThenumberofgodsinIndianmythologyis（）.

6.Historicalcircumstanceslikedynasticchangesandinvasionsare（）.

7.Historically,Brahminshavebeen（）.

问题1选项

A.isafairlyrecentdevelopment

B.diedoutlongagointhebeliefsofthepeople

C.heldswayforcenturiesbutnowdoesnotaffectthepeople

D.stillfiguresinthelivesandbeliefsofmostIndians

问题2选项

A.areoftenremolded,tofitnewhistoricalevents

B.arediscardedwhennolonger-immediatelyrelevant

C.weremadeupbythepriests

D.wereforbiddenbythepriests

问题3选项

A.pantheistic

B.polytheistic

C.monotheistic

D.atheistic

问题4选项

A.encouragedbythepriests

B.encouragedbythegovernment

C.immoralaccordingtoIndianmythology

D.illegal

问题5选项

A.constantlyincreasing

B.slowlydecreasing

C.constant

D.rapidlydecreasing

问题6选项

A.reflectedinthemythology

B.totallyseparatefromthemythology

C.foretoldinIndianmythology

D.criticizedinthemythology

问题7选项

A.warriors

B.rulers

C.oflittleinfluencewiththemasses

D.akindoflinkbetweentherulersandthemasses

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。A：是最近才发展起来的；第一段指出：TherecordedcivilizationofIndiaisoneofthelongestinthecourseofworldhistory,anditsmythology,linkedtoitsreligionsandtothedevelopmentofitscivilization,spansanevengreaterlengthoftime（印度有记载的文明是世界历史上最长的文明之一，它的神话与宗教和文明的发展联系在一起，存在了更长的时间），因此A项不符合原文所述。B：很久以前就在人们的信仰中消失了；C：统治了几个世纪，但现在不影响人们；D：在大多数印度人的生活和信仰中仍然存在。第一段最后一句指出：Unlikethemythologyofmostcountries,particularlyWesterncountries,Indianmythologyisstillapartofthelivingcultureofthepeopleonalllevelsofsociety,fromtheilliteratemassestotheeducatedelite（与大多数国家，特别是西方国家的神话不同，印度神话仍然是从文盲大众到受过教育的精英阶层的社会各阶层人民生活文化的一部分）。由此可知，B项和C项不正确，D项“在大多数印度人的生活和信仰中仍然存在”正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。A：经常被重塑，以适应新的历史事件；题干问的是“古代信仰和神话……”，由此可定位至第二段开头：TheIndianshavealwaystendedtoretainearlybeliefsandmoldthemtoreflectnewsocialconditionsortofittheseearlybeliefsintoanewphilosophicalscheme（印度人总是倾向于保留早期的信仰，并将其塑造为反映新的社会条件或将这些早期的信仰融入新的哲学体系），由此可知，A项正确。B：当不再是直接相关时被丢弃；第一段指出：TherecordedcivilizationofIndiaisoneofthelongestinthecourseofworldhistory,anditsmythology,linkedtoitsreligionsandtothedevelopmentofitscivilization,spansanevengreaterlengthoftime（印度有记载的文明是世界历史上最长的文明之一，它的神话与宗教和文明的发展联系在一起，存在了更长的时间），因此，印度古代信仰和神话并未被丢弃过，B项不符合原文所述。C：都是祭司编出来的；D：被祭司禁止。文章对于祭祀的描述仅存在于最后一段：Anotherlessopenlyacknowledgedfactorhasbeentheeffortsofthepriests,orBrahminstomaintainorincreasetheirpowerandinfluencewiththemassesbyweavingtheirprimitivedeitiesintothefabricoftheBrahmins’moresophisticatedreligionbymeansofmyth（另一个不太公开承认的因素是，祭司或婆罗门通过神话将他们的原始神灵编织进婆罗门更复杂的宗教结构中，努力维持或增加他们在大众中的权力和影响力）。由此可知，古代信仰和神话是祭司或婆罗门编造出来的，也并非被祭司禁止，C项和D项错误。因此，本题选A。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。各选项的意思是：A：泛神论的；B：多神论的；C：一神论的；D：无神论的。第二段倒数第二句指出：Thistendencyhasledtoapolytheisminwhichthenumberofdeitiesandthemythsattachedtothemareconstantlyincreasing,despiteattemptsoverthecenturiesofpriestsandphilosopherstoimposepantheism,ormonotheismonthepeople（这种趋势导致了一种多神论，其中的神的数量和与之相关的神话不断增加，尽管几个世纪以来，牧师和哲学家试图将泛神论或一神论强加给人们）。因此，B项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。各选项的意思是：A：种姓制度受到祭司的支持，原文并未提及此项；B：种姓制度受到政府的支持，原文并未提及此项；C：在印度神话中不道德的，原文只是说“在印度神话中被合法化”，因此此项不符合原文所述；D：非法，根据题干关键词Thecastesystem可定位至第二段最后一句：Anotherfailureofthepriest-hoodhasbeentoeradicatethecastesystem,whichhasbeenoutlawedbutwhichislegitimizedbyIndianmythology（牧师职位的另一个失败之处是消除了种姓制度。种姓制度被视为非法，但在印度神话中被合法化），因此D项“非法”正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。各选项的意思是：A：不断地增加；B：慢慢减少；C：不变的，恒定的；D：速降。第二段指出：Thistendencyhasledtoapolytheisminwhichthenumberofdeitiesandthemythsattachedtothemareconstantlyincreasing（这种趋势导致了一种多神论，其中的神的数量和与之相关的神话不断增加），由此可知，印度神话中神的数量“不断增加”，故选A项。

6.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。各选项的意思是：A：在神话中被反映；B：完全脱离神话；C：在印度神话中被预言；D：在神话中被批判。根据题干关键词如Historicalcircumstances，dynastic等可定位至文章第三段：Indianmythologyistrulyalivingmythology,evolvingasaconsequenceofhistoricalcircumstanceslike,dynasticchanges,economicconditions,andtheresultantsocialupheavalsexperiencedbytheIndianpeople（印度神话是栩栩如生的神话，随着历史环境而逐渐发展，如王朝的变化，经济条件，以及印度人民所经历的社会动荡），因此，A项“由神话反映”正确。

7.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题，各选项的意思是：A：勇士，原文并未提及此项；B：统治者；C：对群众的影响不大；D：一种联系统治者和群众的纽带。根据题干关键词Brahmins可定位至最后一段：Anotherlessopenlyacknowledgedfactorhasbeentheeffortsofthepriests,orBrahminstomaintainorincreasetheirpowerandinfluencewiththemassesbyweavingtheirprimitivedeitiesintothefabricoftheBrahmins’moresophisticatedreligionbymeansofmyth.Inthisway,theBrahmins,whichwerenotpoliticalrulers,maintainedandconsolidatedtheirpoweroverthemassesandtherebyensuredtheirownpositionsoftrustandprestigewiththeemperorclass（另一个不太被公开承认的因素是，祭司或婆罗门通过神话的方式，将他们原始的神编入婆罗门更为复杂的宗教结构中，努力维持或增加他们对大众的权力和影响。通过这种方式，不是政治统治者的婆罗门保持和巩固了对群众的权力，从而确保了自己在皇帝阶级中的地位和威望），由此可推断出，婆罗门历来是“一种联系统治者和群众的纽带”，并且不是“统治者”，对群众有一定的影响力，因此B项和C项错误，D项正确。

8.不定项选择题

Intheevenings,theygotothemall.Onceaweekormore.Sometimes,theyevenleavethedinnerdishesinthesinksotheywillhaveenoughtimetofinishalltheerrands.Thefathernevercomes—hehatesshopping,especiallywithhiswife.Instead,hestaysathometoreadthepaperandputaroundhisstudy.Todothingsthattheotherdadsmustbedoingintheevenings.Tosummonthesandtocomerushinginandpluguphisearswithitsroaringsilence.

Meanwhile,themotherarmsherselfwithreturnsfromthelasttrip.HertwoyoungdaughtersforgetgamesofflashlighttagorfavoriteTVshowsandstrapontennisshoesandseatbelts:andthey’reoff.Onsummernights,whenit’slightuntilafterthefirefliesarrive,theairisheavyandmoist.Thedaughtersunrolltheirwindowsandstickthewholeoftheirheadsoutintotheslatebluesky,feelingfullforcethesweaty,honeysuckleair.Inthecoldmall,theirrubbersolessqueakonshinylinoleumsquares.Theyoungerdaughtertriesnottosteponanycracks.Theolderdaughterkeepsastraight-aheadgaze;hersulleneyescountdowneacherrandasit’sdone.

Itisnotuntilthethirdor,onagoodnight,thefourtherrandthatthetroublebegins.Thegirlshavewanderedovertoexaminerainbowbeachtowels,perhaps,orsomekindofpinkruffledbedspread.Themother’svoicefindsthemfromafewaislesaway.

Dinnersquirmsinthedaughters’stomachs.Nowcomesthatwhat-if-I-threw-up-right-this-second?Orwhere-is-a-rabbit-hole-for-me-to-fall-into?feelingthattheygetaroundthistimeofevening,atthemall.Theolderoneshakesherponytailsattheyoungerone.Herblueeyeshissthecareful-don’t-crywarning,buttheyoungerone’scheeksonlygetredder.Toebytoe,thedaughtersedgetowardshousewareswheretheyfingerlaceplacematsortracepatternsinthestorecarpetwithsneakeredsoles.Themother’svoicestillfindsthem,shakingwithrage.Finally,heelsslappinginhersandals,shestridestowardsthemandthenkeepsgoing.Theyfollow,catchingherword-trail,“Stupidpeople.Stupid,stupid,stupid.IHATEstupidpeople.”It’sthelittleskipsbetweenstepstheyoungeronetakestokeepupwithhermother’stong,angrylegs.It’sthecardoorslammingandtheseatbeltbuckleyankedintoplace.It’sthosethingsthattellthedaughtershowthenextfewhourswillgo.

Inthecar,theolderonesighsandgrindsherbackteeth.Theyoungeronefeelsherfacegethotterandhereyesstarttoswell.Shestaresatanicecreamstainonthebackofthefrontseatandseesapony,aflower,andafairyinthatsplashofchocolatemintchip.Themotherbeginsonbothatonce.“Andwhenwegethome,ifyourshoesarestillintheTVroom,I’mthrowingthemout.Sameforbooks.Nomoreshithouse.Nomorelazy,ungratefulk