高中英语选择性必修一 2021 unit 3 教学·知识细解码

．fascinatevt.迷住；吸引；使感兴趣→fascinatingadj.极有吸引力的；迷人的2．accompanyvt.陪同；陪伴；伴随；(尤指用钢琴)为……伴奏→accompanyingadj.陪伴的；伴随的3．adoptvt.采用；采取；采纳vt.&vi.领养→adoptedadj.收养的；过继的4.blessvt.祝福→blessingn．祝福；赐福；恩赐1．buffetvt.连续猛击；打来打去n．自助餐①Wewerebuffetedaboutduringtheroughboattrip. vt.连续猛击；打来打去②Areyouhavingasit­downmealorabuffetatthewedding? n．自助餐2．edgen．边；边缘；边线；刀刃vt.&vi.(使)徐徐移动；给……加油①Arowofboatswasbeachedatthewater'sedge. n．边；边缘②Hazelquietlyedgedhimawayfromtheothers. vt.使徐徐移动③Becarefulwiththatknife.It'sgotasharpedge. n．刀刃3．banvt.明令禁止；取缔n．禁令①Thenewmilitarygovernmenthasbannedstrikesanddemonstrations. vt.明令禁止；取缔②Thereisabanonsmokinginthetheatre. n.禁令4．adoptvt.采用；采取；采纳vt.&vi.领养①Manychildlesscouplesadoptchildren. vt.领养②Thepolicyhasnotyetbeenformallyadopted. vt.采用；采取；采纳③MoreAmericansadoptfromChinathanfromanyothercountry. vi.领养WordsAndPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知识要点1)buffetvt.连续猛击；打来打去n.自助餐(教材P26)Iwakeuptothesoundofthewindbuffetingtheclothofmytent.风噼里啪啦地拍打着我的帐篷，我在这声音中醒来。[例1]Therunningbuffetisavailablefrom6p．m.to2a．m.自助餐从下午6点供应到凌晨2点。[例2]Hewasbuffetedfromsidetoside.他被打得东倒西歪。[翻译]之后，她请我们在员工餐厅吃了一顿简单的自助午餐。Afterwards,sheinvitedusforasimplebuffetlunchintheirstaffcafeteria.[知识拓展](1)buffetsb./sth. 连续猛击某人/物buffetone'sway 打开一条路(尤指在困难条件下)； (船)乘风破浪(2)abuffetlunch 自助午餐[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Wewerebuffeted(buffet)bythewindandtherainonthewaytoschoolyesterday.②Couldyouprovidecoffeeandabuffetlunchatnoon?③Theshipbuffetedits(it)waythroughthewaves.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点2)edgen．边；边缘；边线；刀刃vt.&vi.(使)徐徐移动；给……加边(教材P26)Ileavemytentandwalkovertothemountainedge.我离开帐篷，走到山边。[例1]Theclimbersedgedalongthecliff.攀登者沿着悬崖边侧身移动。[例2]Nickedgedhiswaythroughthecrowd.尼克挤过人群。[翻译]他站在悬崖边上。Hestoodattheedgeofthecliff．[知识拓展](1)edgetowards... 朝……缓慢移动edgealong... 沿……缓慢移动(2)onedge 竖着；直立着；紧张不安的attheedgeof 在……边缘处[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Weslowlyedgedourwaytowardstheexit.②Neverhadshefeltsoonedgebeforeaninterview.③Soonwewereattheedgeofthewoods.eq\a\vs4\al(\o(知识要点3))banvt.明令禁止；取缔n．禁令(教材P26)…andallnewdevelopmentisbannedwithinparkboundaries.……在公园范围内所有新的开发项目都被禁止。[例1]Britain'shealthexpertsarepushingforabanonallcigaretteadvertising.英国的健康专家正努力争取取缔任何形式的香烟广告。[例2]Smokingisnowbannedinmanyplacesofwork.现在许多工作场所禁止吸烟。[翻译]老师严禁他在课上讲话。Theteacherbannedhimfromtalkinginclass.[知识拓展](1)ban(doing)sth. 禁止(做)某事bansb.fromdoingsth. 禁止某人做某事(2)abanon/againststh. 对某事的禁令place/put...underaban 禁止……[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Thelawbansselling(sell)alcoholtothoseunder18inthecountry.②Theyarebannedfromswimming(swim)intheriver.③Thereisabanon/againstsmokinginallindoorpublicplaces.④Thenewrulehasput/placedsmokingunderaban.[名师点津]“禁止某人做某事”的表达：bansb.fromdoinghibitsb.fromdoingsth.forbidsb.fromdoingsth.forbidsb.todosth.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点4)visibleadj.看得见的；可见的(教材P26)Atthefarsideofthevalley,anancientSamicottageisvisible.在山谷的远处，可以看到一间古老的萨米人的小屋。[例1]Wecutthetreesdowntomakethelakevisiblefromthehouse.我们把树砍倒，这样从房子里就能看见湖了。[例2]Theseawasnowout,leavingthewreckfullyvisible.海水退却了，沉船完全露了出来。[翻译]她站在昏暗的光线里，半隐半现。Shestood,halfvisibleinthedimlight.[知识拓展]bevisibleto... ……能看见[即学即练]——完成句子①这是一颗在天空中可见的星星。Itisavisiblestarinthesky.②里面的东西他们全都看得见。Itscontentsarevisibletoallofthem.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点5)(教材P26)Sincereindeerwerealwaysonthemove,theSamiwouldpickuptheirtentsandaccompanythem.由于驯鹿总是在移动，萨米人会收起他们的帐篷并陪伴它们。(1)onthemove在行进中；在移动中[例1]Don'tjumpoffatrainwhenit'sonthemove.火车未停稳时千万别跳下去。[例2]Itwasseveralhoursbeforethetrafficcouldgetonthemove.过了好几个小时交通才恢复通畅。[翻译]有人说文明总是在进步。Itissaidthatcivilizationisalwaysonthemove．[知识拓展]getamoveon 行动起来；赶快采取行动；采取紧 急措施getonthemove 开始移动；开始走动makeamove 走一步(棋)；离开；开始行动[即学即练]——完成句子①我们最好在下雨之前赶快做。We'dbettergetamoveonbeforeitrains.②最后我使他也行动起来。AtlastIgothimonthemove．③我们下星期要搬家到这个城市来。We'llmakeamovetothecitynextweek.(2)accompanyvt.陪同；陪伴；伴随；(尤指用钢琴)为……伴奏[例1]Mayweaccompanyyouonyourwalk?我们陪你一起散步好吗？[例2]Thunderoftenaccompanieslightning.雷声常伴着闪电。[翻译]他用吉他给我伴奏。Heaccompaniedmeattheguitar．[知识拓展]accompanysb.at/onsth. (尤指用钢琴)为某人伴奏beaccompaniedby 由某人陪同；由……伴奏accompanysb.＝keeppany 陪伴某人accompanysb.tosomeplace 陪伴/陪同某人到某地[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换①Heaccompaniedhisfathertothehospitaltoseewhat'swrongwithhisstomach.②Icanaccompanyyouonthepianoifyouwanttosing.③Myneighborcametoaccompanymewhilemyparentswereout.＝Myneighborcametokeepmecompanywhilemyparentswereout.我邻居在我父母外出时过来陪我。[小片段填空]Herfatheraccompaniedhertotheconcertandwhenshesangherfatheraccompaniedheronthepiano．Hersongsoundedwonderfulaccompaniedbythemusic.她父亲陪她去音乐会，当她唱歌时她父亲为她钢琴伴奏。在音乐的伴奏下她的歌声听起来优美极了。[名师点津](1)没有accompanysb.todosth.结构。(2)accompany是及物动词，其后无需用介词。eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点6)adoptvt.采用；采取；采纳vt.&vi.领养(教材P27)IamnotaSami,butinSarekI'veadoptedsomeoftheirhabits.我不是萨米人，但在沙雷克，我接受了他们的一些习惯。[例1]AftergoingtoFrancehesoonadoptedtheFrenchwayoflife.他去法国后,很快就接受了法国的生活方式。[例2]InnowayamIgoingtoadoptanyofhismethods.我绝对不会采纳他的任何方法。[翻译]我们一致同意采取新的教学方法。Weallagreeinadoptingthenewteachingmethod．[知识拓展](1)adopt...as... 选……作为……；收养……为……(2)adoptedadj. 被收养的；被采用的adoptionn. 采用；收养[即学即练]——单句语法填空①WehaveadoptedMr.Stevensasourcandidateatthenextelection.②Hewascheatedintobelievingthathewasanadopted(adopt)son.③Ifyoucannothavechildrenofyourown,whynotconsideradoption(adopt)?【名师点津】adapt与adopt仅有一个字母之差，要注意它们的含义的区别：adopt“采纳；收养”，而adapt“(使)适应；改编”。[小片段填空]Theyoungcouplehadnochildrenoftheirownandadoptedanorphan．Afterafewmonths,thechildcametoadapttohisnewlife．这对年轻夫妇没有亲生的孩子，领养了一个孤儿。几个月过后，这个孩子渐渐适应了他的新生活。eq\a\vs4\al(\O(知识要点7))setout出发；启程；(怀着目标)开始工作(教材P27)Afterbreakfast,Ipackmybagandsetoutagain.早饭后，我收拾好行李又出发了。[例1]Avisitorarrivedjustasweweresettingoutfortheairport.我们正要前往机场时来了一位客人。[例2]Hewillsetoutonajourneyearlyinthenextmorning.他明儿一早就动身。[翻译]我们开始着手揭开谜团背后的真相。Wesetouttofindthetruthbehindthemystery.[知识拓展]setout(todo...) 动身；起程；开始做setabout(doing...) 着手做setoff 出发；动身；使爆炸；引起setaside 留出；对……置之不理setdown 写下；记下setup 建立；创立；安排[即学即练]——完成句子①为了避开拥挤的交通，我早早就动身去公司了。Isetoff/outforthecompanyearlierinordertoavoidtheheavytraffic.②她每月都存一点儿钱。Shesetsasideabitofmoneyeverymonth.③她一回到家就开始打扫房间。Themomentshearrivedhome,shesetaboutcleaning/setouttocleanthehouse．④他被要求根据记忆把事实写下来。Hewasaskedtosetdownthefactsjustasherememberedthem.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)whether引导名词性从句(教材P26)Eventhoughthesunisbrightlyshining,tellingwhetheritismorningornightisimpossible.即使阳光灿烂，也无法分辨是早晨还是夜晚。句式分析：句中whether引导的名词性从句作动词tell的宾语。[例1]Idon'tknowwhetherI'llgettheannualbonusthisyear.我不知道是否今年我能拿到年终奖。[例2]Johnisnotsurewhetherhe'llcatchthelastbus.约翰不确定他能否赶上最晚的一班公交车。[翻译]你来不来我不感兴趣。Iamnotinterestedinwhetheryou'llcomeornot．[知识拓展](1)whether引导的名词性从句还可以用作主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等。(2)引导名词性从句时用whether或if的区别：whether可以直接和ornot连用，if不可以；引导位于句首的主语从句，用whether不用if；引导表语从句、同位语从句，用whether不用if；动词不定式之前用whether不用if。[即学即练]——完成句子①所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved．②她拿不准是否应该接受他的好意。Shewasuncertainaboutwhethersheshouldaccepthisoffer．③他是否能成功地通过驾驶考试还不确定。Itisuncertainwhetherhe'llsucceedinpassingthedrivingtestornot.④问题是电影是否值得看。Thequestioniswhetherthefilmiswellworthseeing．eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)现在分词(短语)作状语(教材P26)Checkingmywatch,Iseethatitis7：30a．m.我看了看表，现在是早上七点半。句式分析：句中Checkingmywatch为现在分词短语作状语。[例1]Workinghard,youwillsucceed.如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。[例2]Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。[翻译]那些旅行者们聚在篝火周围和当地人一起跳舞。Gatheringaroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.[知识拓展]现在分词在句中可作时间、原因、伴随、结果状语，还可以作伴随状语，表示伴随情况，所表示的动作与谓语同时发生，且与句子的主语是主动关系。[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换①Thepooroldmandied,leaving(leave)nothingtohischildren.②Shelayinbedstaring(stare)atthelastleafonthetree.③看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。Whenshesawthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.＝Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.④由于生病，他昨天没有上学。Ashewasill,hedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday＝Beingill,hedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式3)完全倒装(教材P26)FollowingthereindeerweretheSamipeople,whomadethisterritorytheirhome.跟随着驯鹿步伐的是萨米人，萨米人把这片土地当作他们的家园。句式分析：句中FollowingthereindeerweretheSamipeople为完全倒装句。正常语序为theSamipeoplewerefollowingthereindeer。[例1]Buriedinthesandswasanancientvillage.一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。[例2]Tobecarefullyconsideredarethefollowingquestions.下列问题要仔细考虑。[翻译]站在桌旁的是他的妻子。Standingbesidethetablewashiswife.[知识拓展]需要完全倒装的情况：(1)表示方向、地点和时间的副词in,out,down,up,off,back,away,over,there,now,then,here等位于句首，若主语是名词而不是代词时，要全部倒装。(2)表示地点、时间、方向等的介词短语放在句首时，常见的介词有：among,between,in,at,beneath等。(3)“表语＋系动词＋主语”结构中。[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Goneare(be)thedayswhenwelivedapoorlife.②Amongtheguestsis(be)thepersonyouarelookingfor.③大卫走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。IntothedarkroomwalkedDavid,whowasquitesurprisedwheneveryoneshoutedHappyBirthday.④接着跑出来一群狗。Thenoutrushedapackofdogs.[名师点津]在(1)和(2)前两类完全倒装中，若主语为人称代词，则不需要倒装。Thedooropenedandinhecame.门开了，他走了进来。1．Eventhoughthesunisbrightlyshining,tellingwhetheritismorningornightisimpossible.[分析]本句是复合句。eventhough引导让步状语从句，主句的主语为tellingwhetheritismorningornight，其中whetheritismorningornight为宾语从句。[译文]即使阳光灿烂，也无法分辨是早晨还是夜晚。2．FollowingthereindeerweretheSamipeople,whomadethisterritorytheirhome.[分析]本句是复合句。FollowingthereindeerweretheSamipeople为倒装句，正常语序为theSamipeoplewerefollowingthereindeer；后面是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词theSamipeople，其中madethisterritorytheirhome为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。[译文]跟随着驯鹿步伐的是萨米人，萨米人把这片土地当作他们的家园。教材高考1.Eventhoughthesunisbrightlyshining,tellingwhetheritismorningornightisimpossible.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.2.Checkingmywatch,Iseethatitis7：30a．m.(2019·北京卷)Nervouslyfacingchallenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.3.Ileavemytentandwalkovertothemountainedge.(2019·浙江卷)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloththatgivesofflightinthedark.4.Atthefarsideofthevalley,anancientSamicottageisvisible.(2018·浙江卷)“TheMagicMountain”inaNewEnglandbeachsidecottagewithnolocksonthedoors,notelephonesortelevisionsintherooms,andlittletodobeyondrowonthesaltpond.5.IamnotaSami,butinSarekI'veadoptedsomeoftheirhabits.(2019·天津卷)I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thereistobeatotalbanonparking(park)inthisstreet.2．Theyfoundabacteriumvisibletothehumaneye.3．It'sdifficulttocontactherbecauseshe'salwaysonthemove.4．Thepresidentappeared,accompanied(accompany)bysixstrongbodyguards.5．Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadopting(adopt)adogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight.6．Wesetouttofind(find)thetruthbehindthemystery.7．It'snotclearwhethertheyareabletoarriveatanagreementthroughcommunicationornot.8．Ihaveaverybusylifewithnotimetositaroundfeeling(feel)sorryformyself.9．ATVcanbearealblessing(bless)foroldpeople.10．Amongthemare