2022年考研考博-考博英语-四川师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号45

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-四川师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Inasudden______ofanger,themantoreupeverythingwithinreach.

问题1选项

A.attack

B.burst

C.split

D.blast

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项attack“攻击；抨击；动手干”；B选项burst“爆炸；戳破；爆裂；（器官或血管）爆裂；装满；充满感情；突然爆发（某种感情）”；C选项split“分离；使分离；劈开；离开；分解”；D选项blast“爆炸；损害；使枯萎”。根据固定搭配inasuddenburstofanger“突然爆发的愤怒”可知句意为：那人勃然大怒，把伸手可及的一切东西都撕碎了。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Willyoulook______thiswordintheInternet?

问题1选项

A.on

B.into

C.up

D.forwardto

【答案】C

【解析】；窥视；浏览；看”；C选项lookup“仰望；查阅；尊敬；拜访；改善”；D选项lookforwardto“盼望；期待；期盼；预期”。句意：你会在网上查阅这个单词吗？因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Theinsectthat______afinemistneatlyandquicklycannotbesimplypouredintoabottle.

问题1选项

A.spurs

B.sprays

C.squashes

D.spreads

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项spurs“鞭策；促进；策马前进；紧贴主干剪短”；B选项sprays“喷；扫射”；C选项squashes“把……压扁；挤进，塞入；压制，抑制；打断，制止；去除，粉碎；断然拒绝；把……镇住，使无言以对”；D选项spreads“传播；伸展；散布；展开；铺开”。句意：这种可快速均匀地喷洒成细雾的驱虫剂并非是简单地注入瓶中的。因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Thereisanewtypeofsmalladvertisementbecomingincreasinglycommoninnewspaperclassifiedcolumns.Itissometimesplacedamong“situationsvacant”,althoughitdoesnotofferanyoneajob,andsometimesitappearsamong“situationswanted”,althoughitisnotplacedbysomeonelookingforajob,either.Whatitdoesistoofferhelpinapplyingforajob.

“Contactusbeforewritingyourapplication”,or“Makeuseofourlongexperienceinpreparingyourcurriculumvitaeorjobhistory”,ishowitisusuallyexpressed.Thegrowthandapparentsuccessofsuchaspecializedserviceis,ofcourse,areflectiononthecurrenthighlevelsofunemployment.Itisalsoanindicationofthegrowingimportanceofthecurriculumvitae(orjobhistory),withthesuggestionthatitmaynowqualifyasanartforminitsownright.

Therewasatimewhenjobseekerssimplywrotelettersofapplication.“Justputdownyourname,address,ageandwhetheryouhavepassedanyexams”,wasabouttheaveragelevelofadviceofferedtoyoungpeopleapplyingfortheirfirstjobswhenIleftschool.Theletterwasreallyjustforopeners,itwasexplained,andeverythingelsecouldandshouldbesavedfortheinterview.Andinthosedaysoffullemploymentthetechniqueworked.Theletterprovedthatyoucouldwriteandwereavailableforwork.Youreagerfaceandintelligentrepliesdidtherest.

Later,asyoumoveduptheladder,somethingslightlymoresophisticatedwascalledfor.Theadvicethenwastoputsomethingintheletterwhichwoulddistinguishyoufromtherest.Itmightbetheaggressiveapproach.“Yoursearchisover.Iamthepersonyouarelookingfor”,wasawidelyusedtrickthatoccasionallysucceeded.Oritmightbesomespecialfeaturespeciallydesignedforthejobinterview.

Thereisnodoubt,however,thatitisincreasingnumberofapplicantswithuniversityeducationatallpointsintheprocessofengagingstaffthathasledtothegreaterimportanceofthecurriculumvitae.

1.Thenewtypeofadvertisementwhichisappearinginnewspapercolumns______.

2.Nowadaysademandforthisspecializedtypeofservicehasbeencreatedbecause______.

3.Inthepastitwasexpectedthatfirstjobhunterswould______.

4.Later,asonewentontoapplyformoreimportantjobs,onewasadvisedtoincludeintheletter______.

5.Thecurriculumvitaehasbecomesuchanimportantdocumentbecause______.

问题1选项

A.informsjobhuntersoftheopportunitiesavailable

B.promisestoofferusefuladvicetothoselookingforemployment

C.dividesavailablejobsintovarioustypes

D.informsemployersofthepeopleavailableforwork

问题2选项

A.thereisalackofjobsavailableforartisticpeople

B.therearesomanytopleveljobsavailable

C.therearesomanypeopleoutofwork

D.thejobhistoryisconsideredtobeaworkofart

问题3选项

A.writeaninitiallettergivingtheirlifehistory

B.passsomeexamsbeforeapplyingforajob

C.havenoqualificationsotherthanbeingabletoreadandwrite

D.keepanydetailedinformationuntiltheyobtainedaninterview

问题4选项

A.somethingthatwoulddistinguishonefromotherapplicants

B.hintedinformationaboutthepersonalityoftheapplicant

C.one’sadvantagesoverothersinapplyingforthejob

D.anoccasionaltrickwiththeaggressiveapproach

问题5选项

A.therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofjobsadvertised

B.therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofapplicantswithdegrees

C.jobsarebecomingmuchmorecomplicatednowadays

D.theotherprocessesofapplyingforjobsaremorecomplicated

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段最后一句“Whatitdoesistoofferhelpinapplyingforajob.（它的作用是在求职时提供帮助。）”由此可知这种新型广告主要是给那些找工作的人提供有用的信息，所以B选项“承诺给那些找工作的人提供有用的信息”说法正确。A选项“给求职者提供工作机会”；C选项“将现有的工作分为不同类型”；D选项“通知雇主可以工作的人”都与文章事实不符，因此B选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Thegrowthandapparentsuccessofsuchaspecializedserviceis,ofcourse,areflectiononthecurrenthighlevelsofunemployment.Itisalsoanindicationofthegrowingimportanceofthecurriculumvitae(orjobhistory),withthesuggestionthatitmaynowqualifyasanartforminitsownright.当然，这种专门服务的增长和明显的成功反映了目前的高失业率。这也表明了简历（或工作经历）越来越重要，因为它本身就可以称得上是一种艺术形式”。由此可知对这种特殊类型的服务需求增多是因为失业人数的原因，所以C选项“有很多人失业”说法正确。A选项“艺术工作者缺少工作机会”；B选项“顶级工作数量增多”与文章事实不符；D选项“工作经历被认为是一件艺术品”文章虽然有提到，但不是这种特殊类型的服务需求增多的原因。因此C选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Therewasatimewhenjobseekerssimplywrotelettersofapplication.‘Justputdownyourname,address,ageandwhetheryouhavepassedanyexams’,wasabouttheaveragelevelofadviceofferedtoyoungpeopleapplyingfortheirfirstjobswhenIleftschool.Theletterwasreallyjustforopeners,itwasexplained,andeverythingelsecouldandshouldbesavedfortheinterview.”（曾经有一段时间，求职者只写求职信。“请写下您的姓名、地址、年龄和是否通过了考试”，这是我离开学校时给申请第一份工作的年轻人提供的平均建议。他们解释说，这封信实际上只是开个玩笑，其他一切都可以而且应该留到面试时再写）。由此可知在过去求职者会在求职信上面写下详细信息直到他们获得面试，所以D选项“保留任何详细的信息直到他们获得面试”说法正确。A选项“写一封说明他们生活历史的信件”文章没有提到；B选项“在申请工作之前通过一些考试”文章只提到在求职信上写上自己是否通过了考试，并没有提到求职者必须通过考试，故不选；C选项“除了能读和写之外没有别的资格”说法错误，文章提到Andinthosedaysoffullemploymentthetechniqueworked.Theletterprovedthatyoucouldwriteandwereavailableforwork.Youreagerfaceandintelligentrepliesdidtherest.在那些充分就业的日子里，这种方法是有效的。这封信证明你能写，也能去工作。你急切的表情和机智的回答将会完成面试的剩下部分。由此只会读和写并不能帮助你获得工作，面试中的表现也很重要。因此D选项正确。

4.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章倒数第二段“Later,asyoumoveduptheladder,somethingslightlymoresophisticatedwascalledfor.Theadvicethenwastoputsomethingintheletterwhichwoulddistinguishyoufromtherest.Itmightbetheaggressiveapproach.（之后，当你申请更重要的工作时，就需要一些其他更稍微复杂些的能力。当时的建议是在信中写些能使你和其他人区别开来的东西。这可能是一种咄咄逼人的方式。）”由此可知A选项“能让你从其他申请者中脱颖而出的东西”说法正确。B选项“关于申请人性格的暗示信息”文章没有提到；C选项“在申请这项工作方面比别人有优势”为本题干扰项，文中只提到建议在简历中写一些和别人不一样的地方，可以是很多方面，而不仅仅局限于工作方面，所以本题不选C选项；D选项“用侵略性方法偶尔耍花招”，文章只提到在信中写些能使你和其他人区别开来的东西这一举措可能是一种咄咄逼人的方式，并不是建议求职者在求职过程中用侵略性方法偶尔耍花招。因此A选项正确。

5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“Thereisnodoubt,however,thatitisincreasingnumberofapplicantswithuniversityeducationatallpointsintheprocessofengagingstaffthathasledtothegreaterimportanceofthecurriculumvitae.（但是，毫无疑问，在申请工作的过程中具有大学学历的人数增加，使得简历更加重要。）”由此可知简历变得越来越重要的原因是因为高学历申请人数量的增加，所以B选项“有学位的申请人数量有所增加”说法正确。A选项“招聘广告的数量有所增加”；C选项“现在的工作变得越来越复杂”；D选项“其他的申请工作的过程更加复杂”都与文章事实不符，因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryofNationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.Ofcourse,itwillbeanswered,publicandacademiclibrarieswillwantthenewvolume.Afterall,itadds1,068livesofpeoplewhoescapedthenetoftheoriginalcompilers.Yetin10years’timearevisedversionofthewholecaboodle,calledtheNewDictionaryofNationalBiography,willbepublished.Itseditor,ProfessorColinMatthew,tellsmethathewillhaveroomforabout50,000lives,some13,000morethaninthecurrentDNB.Thisratherputsthe1,068inMissingPersonsintheshade.

WhenDr.NichollswrotetotheSpectatorin1989askingfornamesofpeoplewhomreadershadlookedupintheDNBandhadbeendisappointednottofind,shesaysthatshereceivedsome100,000suggestions.(Well,shehadwrittento“otherqualitynewspapers”too.)Assoonashercommitteehadwhittledthenumbersdown,theprofessionalproblemsofaneditorbegan.Contributorsdidn’tfilecopyontime;somewhodidsenttoomany:50,000wordsinsteadof500isarecord,accordingtoDr.Nicholls.

Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sin,who’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.Criminalsweremyinitialworry.Afterall,theoriginaleditionoftheDNBboasted.Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin,Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinsteadofChristie(entryinMissingPersons)notes.ButthenCrippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshiptoAmerica).

ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.Therehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromthemiddleages.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.

OfHugoofBuryStEdmunds,a12th-centuryilluminatorwhosedatesofbirthanddeatharenotrecorded,hisbiographercomments:“WhetherornotHugowasawall-painter,therecordsofhisactivitiesascarverandmanuscriptpainterattesttohisversatility(多才多艺).”Thentherehadtobemorewomen,too(12percent,againsttheoriginalDBNs3),suchasRoyStrong’ssubject,theTudorpainterLevinaTeerlinc,ofwhomheremarks:“Hermostcharacteristicfeatureisaheadattachedtoatoosmall,spindlybody.Hertechniqueremainedawkward,thinandoftencursory.”Doesn’tseemtoqualifyherasamemorableartist.YetitmaybebetterthantherecordoftheoriginalDNB,whichincludedlivesofpeoplewhoneverexisted(suchasMerlin).

1.Thewritersuggeststhatthereisnosenseinbuyingthelatestvolume_______

2.OntheissueofwhoshouldbeincludedintheDNB,thewriterseemstosuggestthat_______

3.CrippenwasabsentfromtheDNB_______.

4.Theauthorquotedafewentireinthelastparagraphto______.

5.Throughoutthepassage,thewriter’stonetowardstheDNBwas______.

问题1选项

A.becauseitisnotworththeprice.

B.becauseithasfewerentriesthanbefore.

C.unlessonehasallthevolumesinhiscollection.

D.unlessanexpandedDNBwillcomeoutshortly.

问题2选项

A.theeditorshadclearrulestofollow.

B.thereweretoomanycriminalsintheentries.

C.theeditorsclearlyfavoredbenefactors.

D.theeditorswereirrationalintheirchoices.

问题3选项

A.becauseheescapedtotheU.S.

B.becausedeathsentencehadbeenabolished

C.forreasonsnotclarified

D.becauseoftheeditors’mistake

问题4选项

A.illustratesomefeaturesoftheDNB

B.giveemphasistohisargument

C.impressthereaderwithitscontent

D.highlightthepeopleintheMiddleAges

问题5选项

A.complimentary

B.supportive

C.sarcastic

D.bitter

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段开头“Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryofNationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.（人们为什么要购买不断增补的《全国名人传记辞典》的最新一卷？我并不是像那些评论家一样认为这本辞典不好。但是，它的价格高达65英镑，而且，你买了其他卷册了吗？你需要22卷基础册，加上每两年出版的增订卷，要买齐整套书就要买31册。）”，由此可知这本辞典每两年都要出增补卷，除非你全部都买了，否则购买最新一卷就没有意义，所以C选项“除非你收藏了所有的书”正确。A选项“因为它不值这个价”也是原因之一，却不是主要原因；B选项“相比之前的版本，它收录的词条更少”与原文意思不符；D选项“除非增订版名人传记缩短出版时间”在文章中没有提及。因此C选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sin,who’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.（关于录取谁的问题，这是读者提出的问题，并且他们还将提出这样的问题。）”；“Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinterest...Crippenisout.（罪犯的入选让人担心……但是Crippen却没有当作值得一提的人物收录其中）”；和第四段“ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.Therehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromthemiddleages.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.（令人惊讶的是，麦克斯•米勒被排除在名单之外，而这些名字实在不太容易记住。从中世纪开始，很多生平不详的艺术家和建筑师就有意识被收录其中。）”，由此可知D选项“编辑在选录人选上没有合理的依据”正确。A选项“编辑们有明确的规则要遵守”文章没有提到；B选项“条目中有太多的罪犯”说法错误，虽然文中有提到条目中有收录罪犯，但那只是作者为了阐述编辑们选录人选没有依据的一个例子，所以B选项错误；C选项“编辑们显然偏爱捐助者”可定位到文章第三段“Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.（罪犯的入选让人担心，他们受到的关注不亚于捐助者。）”，此处是为了强调人们对罪犯入选的关注不亚于捐助者，并不是强调编辑们偏爱捐助者，C选项不符合题意，因此D选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin,Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinsteadofChristie(entryinMissingPersons)notes.ButthenCrippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshiptoAmerica).（约翰•格罗斯显然也有类似的焦虑，因为他抱怨说，虽然凶手Christie上榜，但Crippen出局了。有人可能会回答说，绞死Evans而不是在失踪人口的条目上的Christie是不公正的。但后来克里朋被认为是第一个被电报抓获的杀人犯，他曾试图乘船逃往美国。）”。作者举出Crippen的例子，正是为了说明Crippen应该被收录进名人传记，结果却没有，作者自己也没有找出原因，因此C选项“原因不明”正确。A选项“因为他逃到了美国”说法错误，根据第三段最后一句话可知他只是试图逃到美国，并没有成功；B选项“因为死刑已被废除”和D选项“因为编辑的错误”文章均未提到，因此C选项正确。

4.判断推理题。作者在最后一段提到了辞典中包括的几个生平不详，而且是他认为被莫名其妙地收录辞典的人，用以说明他在第四段提到的观点，即编辑在收录人选时没有合理的依据。所以B选项“强调他的观点”正确。A选项“举例说明DNB的一些特征”不符合段意；C选项“打动读者的内容”和D选项“强调中世纪的人”都与文章意思不符，因此B选项正确。

5.观点态度题。结合文章，可知作者全文都在批评名人传记一书，如第一段作者说道“除非你全部都买了，否则购买最新一卷就没有意义”，由此表示他觉得没有必要购买此书；又如后面作者提到该辞典的编辑在收录人选时没有合理的依据等等，都在表示作者对该书充满讽刺与批评。A选项“称赞的”；B选项“支持的”；C选项“讽刺的”；D选项“充满仇恨的”。由此可知C选项更符合题意。

6.单选题

Theotherday,IsawGrandpasittinginthegarden______themoonwhilemurmuringtohimself.

问题1选项

A.staringat

B.lookingat

C.glancingat

D.gazingat

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项stareat“凝视；盯着；目不转睛地看”；B选项lookat“看；考虑；着眼于”；C选项glanceat“扫视；浏览；匆匆一瞥”；D选项gazeat“盯住；凝视；注视；注目”。stareat表达的是好奇或无礼傲慢；glanceat表达的是匆忙；gazeat表达的是感慨、喜欢或惊奇。stareat和glanceat的动作维持的时间比较长；glanceat的动作维持时间非常的短。句意：有一天，我看见爷爷坐在花园里，凝视着月亮，喃喃自语。此处的凝视带有浓厚的感情色彩，因此D选项正确。

7.翻译题

这部长达103分钟的纪录片《穹顶之下》于2月28日登上中国各大视频网站，它是由前央视记者柴静自费拍摄制作。影片一经发布就迅速引起公众对于空气污染的关注，也鼓励了人们要有所行动。新任环保部长陈吉宁表示，他已经联系了柴静并表达了感谢。在3月1日的新闻发布会上，他表示，保护环境从来不是环保部门的“个人行为”，欢迎人人贡献出自己的一份力。与此同时，一些专家也提醒观众，在被视频感动的同时，也要注意到片子也有其不足之处。

【答案】UndertheDome,a103-minutedocumentaryself-fundedbyformernewsanchorChaiJing,wasreleasedonvideo-sharingwebsitesinChinaonFeb28.Ithasrapidlypushedthepublicawarenessaboutairpollutionandencouragedpeopletojoinineffortstomakeadifference.ChenJining,newlyappointedministerofenvironmentalprotection,saidhehadcontactedChaitoexpresshisappreciation.“Protectingtheenvironmentisnevera‘personalaffair’ofenvironmentalauthorities.Wewelcomeeverybody’scontribution,”ChentoldthepressonMarch1st.Meanwhile,expertsremindmovedviewersofthefilm’slimitations.

8.单选题

Thosewho______energeticallyintothematterhaveprospectsoffindingothermoreconvenientsolutions.

问题1选项

A.wander

B.penetrate

C.concentrate

D.emphasize

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项wander“徘徊；漫步；迷路；离题”；B选项penetrate“渗透；穿透；洞察”；C选项concentrate“集中；浓缩；全神贯注；聚集”；D选项emphasize“强调，着重”。句意：那些积极钻研这一问题的人有希望找到其他更方便的解决办法。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Ifyouwanttoclarifythefact,youneedtwowitnessesto______thatthisisyoursignature.

问题1选项

A.notify

B.certify

C.assure

D.assume

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项notify“通告，通知；公布”；B选项certify“证明；保证”；C选项assure“向……保证；使确定；保证；使相信”；D选项assume“设想；假定”。certify和assure都是及物动词，但certify后一般接从句，assure后一般接人称代词，意为“向……保证”。句意：如果你想澄清事实，你需要两个证人来证明这是你的签名。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Veryfewpeopleunderstoodhislecture,thesubjectofwhichwasvery______.

问题1选项

A.dim

B.obscure

C.conspicuous

D.intelligible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项dim“暗淡的，昏暗的；模糊的，看不清的；悲观的，怀疑的”；B选项obscure“昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的”；C选项conspicuous“显著的；显而易见的”；D选项intelligible“可理解的；明了的；仅能用智力了解的”。句意：很少有人听懂他的演讲，因为他的主题晦涩难懂。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence—asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeansnothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogram.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,”theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possibly,myLord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus_______

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen______

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means______

5.Accordingtotheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis______.

问题1选项

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

问题2选项

A.violenceneversolvesanything.

B.nothing.

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.

D.everything.

问题3选项

A.can’tgetahearing.

B.arelookeddownupon.

C.arepersecuted.

D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

问题4选项

A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

B.hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

C.hegainsnothingafterlistening.

D.hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

问题5选项

A.lawenforcement

B.knowledge

C.nonviolence

D.moppinguptheviolentmess

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头说道“Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences（在一些种族偏见十分严重的国家，暴力被理所当然地视为解决分歧的一种手段）”，接着第一段的后文中又提到“Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.（我们仍然没有认识到，暴力永远解决不了问题，反而会使问题更加严重。）”，并且全文的基调都是反暴力的，由此可知该文主要说明了暴力无法消除种族偏见。A选项“崇尚暴力”；B选项“暴力无法消除种族偏见”；C选项“双方重要人士都认为暴力是一种合法的解决方案”；D选项“人类的本能是对暴力的渴望”。因此B选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.（整个有记录的人类历史，那些冗长乏味的暴力记录，没有教会我们任何东西。）”，由此可知那些历史没有教会我们任何东西。A选项“暴力解决不了任何问题”；B选项“什么都没有教会”；C选项“流血毫无意义”；D选项“所有事情”。因此B选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段的第一句话“Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.（真正合理的人知道解决办法在哪里，他们发现越来越难得到听证，他们被自己的同类所鄙视、不信任甚至迫害，因为他们提倡执法等明显令人愤慨的事情。）”。A选项“得不到听证”；B选项“被轻视”；C选项“被迫害”；D选项“难以提倡执法”。A、B、C选项出现的情况是由于真正明事理的人在推行执法，由此可推断出难以提倡执法才是真正明事理的那些人面临的主要问题。因此D选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.（法官听了一场冗长的辩论后抱怨说，经过这么多的谈话，他什么都没有搞明白。）”。A选项“他根本不善于倾听”；B选项“他一点也不比以前聪明”；C选项“他听了之后没有一点收获”；D选项“他并不理解这场辩论”。nonethewise“不理解；不明白”；与makenosenseof意思相同，因此D选项正确。

5.作者意图题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段最后一句“Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.（只要我们在法律框架内工作，就总是可能有真正和持久的解决办法。）”。A选项“执法”；B选项“知识”；C选项“非暴力”；D选项“收拾暴力的烂摊子”。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Whileanucleardestructionwillneverbecome______,wecanhelptomakeitlessprobablybyadvisingthesuperpowerstochangetheirattitudes.

问题1选项

A.desperate

B.impossible

C.serious

D.inevitable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项desperate“不顾一切的；令人绝望的；极度渴望的”；B选项impossible“不可能的；不可能存在的；难以忍受的；不真实的”；C选项serious“严肃的，严重的；认真的；庄重的；危急的”；D选项inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。句意：虽然核毁灭永远无法避免，但我们可以建议超级大国改变态度，帮助降低这种毁灭的可能性。因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

Incitieswithrentcontrol,thecitygovernmentsetsthemaximumrentthatalandlordcanchargeforanapartment.Supportersofrentcontrolarguethatitprotectspeoplewhoarelivinginapartments.Theirrentcannotincrease;therefore,theyarenotindangeroflosingtheirhomes.However,thecriticssaythatafteralongtime,rentcontrolmayhavenegativeeffects.Landlordsknowthattheycannotincreasetheirprofits.Therefore,theyinvestinotherbusinesseswheretheycanincreasetheirprofits.Theydonotinvestinnewbuildingswhichwouldalsoberent-controlled.Asaresult,newapartmentsarenotbuilt.Manypeoplewhoneedapartmentscannotfindany.Accordingtothecritics,theendresultofrentcontrolisashortageofapartmentsinthecity.

Sometheoristsarguethattheminimumwagelawcancauseproblemsinthesameway.Thefederalgovernmentsetstheminimumthatanemployermustpayworkers.Theminimumhelpspeoplewhogenerallylookforunskilled,low-payingjobs.However,iftheminimumishigh,employersmayhirefewerworkers.Theywillreplaceworkerswithmachinery.Theprice,whichisthewagethatemployersmustpay,increases.Therefore,otherthingsbeingequal,thenumberofworkersthatemployerswantdecreases.Thus,criticsclaim,anincreaseintheminimumwagemaycauseunemployment.Somepoorpeoplemayfindthemselveswithoutjobsinsteadofwithjobsattheminimumwage.

Supportersoftheminimumwagesaythatithelpspeoplekeeptheirdignity.Becauseofthelaw,workerscannotselltheirservicesforlessthantheminimum.Furthermore,employerscannotforceworkerstoacceptjobsatunfairwages.

Economictheorypredictstheresultsofeconomicdecisionssuchasdecisionsaboutfarmproduction,rentcontrol,andtheminimumwage.Thepredictionsmaybecorrectonlyif“otherthingsareequal”.

Economistsdonotagreeonsomeofthepredictions.Theyalsodonotagreeonthevalueofdifferentdecisions.Someeconomistssupportaparticulardecisionwhileotherscriticizeit.Economistsdoagree,however,thattherearenosimpleanswerstoeconomicquestions.

1.Thereisthepossibilitythatsettingmaximumrentmay______.

2.Accordingtothecritics,rentcontrol______.

3.Theproblemofunemploymentwillarise,______.

4.Thepassagetellsus______.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

问题1选项

A.causeashortageofapartments

B.worrythosewhorentapartmentsashomes

C.increasetheprofitsoflandlords

D.encouragelandlordstoinvestinbuildingapartment

问题2选项

A.willalwaysbenefitthosewhorentapartments

B.isunnecessary

C.willbringnegativeeffectsinthelongrun

D.isnecessaryunderallcircumstances

问题3选项

A.iftheminimumwageissettoohigh

B.iftheminimumwageissettoolow

C.iftheworkersareunskilled

D.ifthemaximumwageisset

问题4选项

A.therelationshipbetweensupplyanddemand

B.thepossibleresultsofgovernmentcontrols

C.thenecessityofgovernmentcontrol

D.theurgencyofgettingridofgovernmentcontrols

问题5选项

A.Theresultsofeconomicdecisionscannotalwaysbepredicted.

B.Minimumwagecannotalwaysprotectemployees.

C.Economictheorycanpredicttheresultsofeconomicdecisionsifotherfactorsarenotchanging.

D.Economicdecisionsshouldnotbebasedoneconomictheory.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Landlordsknowthattheycannotincreasetheirprofits.Therefore,theyinvestinotherbusinesseswheretheycanincreasetheirprofits.Theydonotinvestinnewbuildingswhichwouldalsoberent-controlled.Asaresult,newapartmentsarenotbuilt.Manypeoplewhoneedapartmentscannotfindany.Accordingtothecritics,theendresultofrentcontrolisashortageofapartmentsinthecity.（房东们知道他们不能通过出租公寓来增加自己的利润，因此他们会投资其他可以增加利润的业务。他们不会投资新建筑，因为新建筑也会受到租金管制。因此，新建公寓减少，许多需要公寓的人找不到公寓来租。根据评论家的说法，租金管制的最终结果是城市的公寓短缺。）”由此可知租金管制最有可能的结果就是造成城市公寓短缺，所以A选项“造成公寓短缺”说法正确。B选项“使那些租公寓当房子的人发愁”文章虽然有提到，但其并不是租金管制的最终结果，故不选；C选项“增加房东的利润”说法错误，文章提到租金管制会减少房东的利润；D选项“鼓励房东投资新公寓建造”说法错误，文中说到房东们并不会投资公寓，而是其他可以增加自己利润的业务。因此A选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“However,thecriticssaythatafteralongtime,rentcontrolmayhavenegativeeffects.（然而，批评者说，长期以来，租金控制可能会产生负面影响。）”由此可知C选项“从长远来看会带来负面影响”说法正确。A选项“将永远有利于那些租房的人”；B选项“是不必要的”；D选项“在任何情况下都是必要的”都不符合文章事实，因此C选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“However,iftheminimumishigh,employersmayhirefewerworkers...Thus,criticsclaim,anincreaseintheminimumwagemaycauseunemployment.（然而，如果最低工资设置得很高，雇主可能会雇佣更少的工人……因此，批评人士声称，提高最低工资可能会导致失业。）”由此可知。如果最低工资设定得太高会导致失业问题的出现，所以A选项“如果最低工资设定得太高”说法正确。B选项“如果最低工资设定得太低”；C选项“如果工人不熟练”；D选项“如果设定了最高工资”都不符合文章事实，因此A选项正确。

4.判断推理题。文章第一段说到政府设置房东可以收取的公寓最高租金，即租金管制可能会造成城市公寓短缺；第二段说到政府设置最低工资可能