2022版备战老高考一轮复习英语Unit 4 Earthquakes Reading 作业

Unit4earthquakesreading课时作业阅读理解AGALAXIES(星系)OFTHEUNIVERSEGalaxiesarehugegroupingsofstars,planets,gasanddust.OursunisintheMilkyWay,whichmeasuresabout100,000lightyearsacross.Thatlongthinmilkybrightshapeacrossthemiddleofthenightskyconsistsofabouthundredsofbillionsofstarsinourgalaxy.Ourgalaxyisaspiral(螺旋式的)one,butthereareothertypes.TheMilkyWayisonlyonegalaxyamongafewhundredmilliongalaxiesinouruniverse(eachwithhundredsofbillionsofstars).TheMilkyWayisonlyonegalaxyamongafewhundredmilliongalaxiesinouruniverse(eachwithhundredsofbillionsofstars).SPIRALGALAXIES:Therearegalaxiesthathavespiralarmsthatappearfromthecenter.OursolarsystemislocatedononeofthearmsoftheMilkyWay.Ourgalaxyhasahugeblackholeatitscenterthatbillionsofstarscircledaround.ELLIPICALGALAXIES:Therearegalaxiesshapedlikeahugeegg.Thestarsinthesegalaxiestendtobeveryancient.Furthermore,theoldstarsinellipticalgalaxiestendtobeyellowandreddish,whichbasedonourunderstandingofthestarevolution,meanstheyaresmaller,darkerstars.IRREGULARGALAXIES:Therearemanyothershapesofgalaxiesthataren’tspiralorelliptical.Theyallfitintotheirregularcategory.Theyaresmallerthanspiralgalaxies.LiketheLargeandSmallMagellanicClouds,theyhaveratherunusual-lookingshapes.1.WhatcanwelearnabouttheMilkyWay?A.Thereareonlystarsinsideit. B.It’sthebiggestspiralgalaxyintheuniverse.C.Thereisablackholeatitscenter. D.Ittakes100,000yearstogettherefromEarth.Whichofthefollowingisthemainfactorincategorizinggalaxies?A.Distancefromthesun. B.Size. C.Thenumberofstars. D.Shape.3.Whichofthefollowinggalaxiescanbeclassifiedasanirregulargalaxy?A.TheWhaleGalaxy—shapedlikeawhaleandsimilartotheMilkyWayinsize.B.TheCigarGalaxy—alongandnarrowgalaxythatlookslikeanashycloud.C.CynusA(3C405)—thebrightesteggshapewecanobserve.D.TheSunflowerGalaxy—agalaxywithmultiplearmsspreadingfromitsbrightheart.B

Ialwayswantedtohaveanextraordinarilygoodcommandofsomething.Iwantedtoremainthebestinclass—awe-inspiringandtip-top;aworld-famousgenius,likeMichaelPhelps,orMarkZuckerberg.

Unfortunately,myversionofrealitydidnotquitelineupwiththis

delusional

expectation.Iwasagoodswimmer,butIpeakedatthecollegiateStateChampionshiplevel.Myacademicrecordwasprettysolid,butIneverwouldhavemadeitintooneofthoseexceptionalIvyLeagueschools.

ThoughIrosetoabove-averagestatusinacoupleofareas,thedisappointingtruthwasthatIwouldneveramounttoanythingmorethanamid-sizedfishinasmallpond.Thedestinyapparentlydrawnupotherplans.

Whatdrovemecrazy,though,wasthesuperstartalentthrowninmyfaceateveryturn.Somefolksjustappearedtogetanunfairshareofit.Whycouldn’tIbelikeBernieWilliams,thefamedNewYorkYankeesplayerwhoalsohappenedtobeaworld-classjazzguitarvirtuoso(艺术大师)?

Somesaygreatnessissimplyafunctionofdevotingthepracticetime.Itisaroundtenthousandhours,tobeprecise,accordingtoauthorMalcolmGladwell.Idon’tquestionthetheoryofcommittingextraordinaryandconsiderableeffortstodevelopingone’sprofessionalknowledge,butitseemsthatthetalentcarriesmuchweightalike.I’veheardthataspeopleapproachmiddleage,theirlifesatisfactionincreasesbecausetheybegintoacceptthegapbetweentheexpectationsforthemselvesandthereality.Afterafewdecadesoffrustrationwithoutthedesiredresults,weeventuallycometotermswithhowourlivesturnedout,evenifitfallsfarshortofouridealizedyouthfulexpectations.

Hopebends,itseems.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“delusional”inparagraphmostprobablymean?

A.Realistic. B.Imaginary.

C.Disappointing. D.Material.

5.Inthepassage,thewriterthinksofhimselfas___________.

A.aworld-famousgenius B.aworld-classvirtuosoC.amid-sizedfishinasmallpond D.astudentinanIvy-Leagueschool

6.Accordingtothewriter,whatmakes“greatness”?

A.Talentandpractice. B.Tenthousandhoursofpractice.

C.Talentandprofessionalknowledge. D.Extraordinaryefforts.

7.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitle?

A.HopeBends B.FrustratingDecades C.PracticeCounts

D.YouthfulExpectationsCWhilewemaythinkitfeelsgoodtocomplain,complaininghassomebadeffectsassociatedwithit.Whyiscomplainingbad?Researchindicatesthatitconnectsourbrainwithnegativity.Thebrainisdesignedtoworkefficiently.Thismeansthatwhenwerepeatathought,negativeorpositive,thenervecellsformabridgebetweeneachothertopassinformationatahigherspeed.Therefore,thenexttimewehaveasimilartypeofthought,itismoreeasilypassed.Thisaccountsforwhycertainthoughtpatternseventuallyevolveintohabits.Yettheharmfuleffectsdon’tstopthere.Astudyrevealsthatcomplainingcausesthehippocampus(海马区),whichplaysavitalroleinproblem-solving,tobecomesmaller.Inadditiontocausingbraindamage,complainingalsoreleasesastresshormone:cortisol,akindofchemicalthebodyproduceswhenwemeetwithsomedanger.Constantlyhavingahighlevelofcortisolresultsinhighbloodpressure,highbloodsugar,andlowerimmunity(免疫力).Theilleffectsofourcomplainingaren’tjustrestrictedtoourselves:theyalsoinvolvethosearoundus.Wetendtomirrorthemoodsofourfriends.Forthisreason,weshouldbecautiousabouthavingstubborncomplainersinourcircleofacquaintancesandcompanions.Thebestwaytodealwithconstantnegativityistodevelopasenseofgratitude.Justlikecomplainingactsasapoison,gratitudeactsasamedicine.Researchshowsitlowerscortisollevelsby23percent,aswellasreducesbloodpressureandbloodsugar.Italsodecreasesexhaustionandlowspirits.Gratitudeistheperfectcureforcomplaining,abehaviorthatstealsourbrainpower,happinessandphysicalwell-being.Whathaveyouobservedabouttheeffectsofcomplaininginyourownlifeorinthelivesofothers?Haveyounoticedthatwhenyouremaingrateful,youfeelbetterthroughout?Pleaseshareyourthoughtsinthecommentssectionbelow.8.WhatdoPara2—3mainlytalkabout?A.Thebadeffectsofcomplainingonbrainpower.B.Thedecreaseofavitalpartofourbrain.C.Thediseasescausedbycomplaining.D.Thereasonwhycertainthoughtpatternsbecomehabits.9.Whatcanweknowaboutcortisolfromthepassage?A.Gratitudefunctionsasaneffectivecureforcortisol.B.Havingahighlevelofcortisolcancontributetomanyhealthproblems.C.Ourbodyproducecortisolwhenwefeelexcited.D.Cortisolisachemicalthatcancausebraindamage.10.Whatattitudedoesthewritertaketostubborncomplainers?A.Grateful. B.Ambiguous. C.Skeptical. D.Disapproving. 11.Wherecanthepassagemostprobablyappear?A.Onawebsite. B.Inahealthmagazine. C.Inamedicalreport. D.Inaradioprogram.DWearefortunatetoliveinacitythatencouragesbicyclingasameansoftransportation.Ourlocalgovernmenthaspromotedbicyclingbyimprovingbikelanes(车道)andincreasingthenumberofthem.Thegrowingnumberofcyclists,however,bringsthisquestiontomind:shouldbicyclistsberequiredtosharetheresponsibilitiesoftheroad?Automobiledrivershavetopasscompetencetests,followestablishedregulations,andacceptpunishmentforviolatingrules.Thecityrequiresdriverstoregisterandlicensetheirvehiclestoensureaccountability(责任).Bicyclistswhousepublicroadwaysshouldbeheldaccountable,too.Let’slookatwhatsharingtheroadmeans.Foronething,itshouldinvolvecostsharing.Autoregistrationandlicensefeesareused,inpart,forbuildingandmaintainingroadways.Itseemsonlyreasonabletoaskbicycliststocontributetotransportationfundingaswell.Moresignificantly,sharingtheroadincludesaccountability.Whendriversoverlooktherulesoftheroad,thepoliceandothermotoristshavetheopportunitytoidentifythembytheirlicenseplatenumberandreporttheiroffenses.Thisisn’ttrueforbicyclists.I’veseenbicyclistsmovingquicklybetweenlanes.Becausetheyshownoidentification,theyfeelprotectedbyanonymity(匿名).Whatgoodwoulditdotoreporttothepolice“Isawaguyonaredbikeblowthroughthestoplight?”Thesimpleactofmakingbicyclistsidentifiablewouldencouragesafer,moreresponsibleriding.Ofcourse,I’veheardargumentsagainstaskingcycliststoregisterandlicensetheirbikes.Somepeoplemightsay,“Littlekidsridebikes.Wouldyourequireasix-year-oldridertositforatestandpayafee?”Obviously,thecitycoulddetermineanagewhencyclingwouldbeconsidered“ameansoftransportationonpublicroads.”Otherpeoplearguethatbicyclefeesareunfairbecausebikesdonotdamagetheroadwaysascarsdo.Bicycleregistrationfeescouldbecomparativelymodest,andthemethodfordisplayingalicensenumbercouldbesimple.ManyU.S.citiesandtownsnowbringbikeregistrationandlicensingintoforce.AbillfromoneCaliforniatownstatesthatthelawsregulatingbicyclesserveadoublepurpose,anti-theftandsafety.I’meagertoseemorebicyclistsontheroad,andI’mhopingforriderswhotaketheirresponsibilitiesseriously.12.Toadvocateresponsiblecycling,theauthorsuggests____________.A.increasingthenumberofbikelanes B.identifyingcycliststhroughregistration C.givingcompetenceteststoallcyclists D.reportingcyclingoffensesmorefrequently13.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingParagraph4?A.Toaccountforhowbicycleregistrationandlicensingwork.B.Toprovidesolutionstoreduceirresponsiblecyclingofkids.C.Toargueagainstrequiringcycliststoregisterandlicensetheirbicycles.D.Torespondtopeople’sdoubtsaboutholdingcyclistsaccountable.14.Whatargumentativemethodsareemployedinthisarticle?①Usingexamples 、②Quotingprofessionals’remarks ③Comparingandcontrasting ④Appealingtoreaders’emotionsA.①③ B.②④ C.③④ D.①②15.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?A.Shouldweencouragemorecyclinginthecity? B.Whatdoes“sharingtheroad”meantocyclists?C.Shouldcyclistsregisterandlicensetheirbikes?D.Howcanroadsafetybebetterguaranteedforeveryone?第二节七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项ThePsychologyofSpendingHaveyoueverstayedup“choppingyourhands”duringtheDoubleEleventhShoppingFestival?DoespossessingthelatestiPhone12,designerpurseorlimitedsneakersreallybrightenyourday?___16___Dr.ThomasGilovich,psychologyprofessoratCornellUniversity,hasstudiedthetopicforover20years.AccordingtoDr.Gilovich,“Webuythingstomakeushappy,andwesucceed,butonlyforawhile.Newthingsareexcitingtousinitially,butthenweadapttothem.”___17___Dr.Gilovichhasfoundthatoursatisfactionwithpossessionsfadesovertime.Yetourhappinessoverthingswe’veexperiencedincreases.Whyexperiencesarethebetterinvestment?1.___18___Atrip,anadventureorahobbyetc.tendtobringtheparticipantstogetherandunitethemoverasharedinterest.AccordingtoGilovich,“Weconsumeexperiencesdirectlywithotherpeople.”Asaresult,theseexperiencestypicallycreateapositivelinkandgo