2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号57

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Scientistsaresearchingfortheoldesttree_______becauseitcanleachthemagreatdealaboutmanyissuesrelatedwithclimatechange.

问题1选项

A.lively

B.alive

C.living

D.live

【答案】B

【解析】lively活泼的,生动的;alive活着的,现存的,可作后置定语;living活的,活跃的,只作前置定语;live活的,生动的;实况转播的。句意：科学家们正在寻找现存的最古老的树,因为它可以让他们了解许多与气候变化有关的问题。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Womenoncedemandedmenwith______socialskills,butthey'renowfocusingon"hisvalues,ifhe’sinterestedinfamily".

问题1选项

A.impeditive

B.colossal

C.blemish

D.impeccable

【答案】D

【解析】impeditive阻碍的,妨碍的;colossal巨大的,庞大的;blemish污点,缺点,瑕疵；impeccable没有缺点的，无瑕疵的。句意：女性曾经要求男性具备无可挑剔的社交能力，但现在她们关注的是“他的价值观，他是否热爱家庭”。选项D符合句意。

3.案例题

Thinkaboutwhatwouldmakeyoureally,reallyhappy.Moremoney?Wrong.Smiling,well-adjustedkids?Wrongagain.Thefactisweareterribleatpredictingthesourceofjoy.Andwhateverchoiceswedomake,welikelylaterdecideitwasallforthebest.

Theseareinsightsfromhappinesseconomics,perhapsthehottestfieldinwhatusedtobecalledthedismalscience.Happinessiseverywhere—onthebest-sellerlists,inthemindsofpolicymakers,andfrontandcenterforeconomists—yetitremainselusive.Thegoldenruleofeconomicshasalwaysbeenthatwell-beingisasimplefunctionofincome.That'swhynationsandpeoplealikestriveforhigherincomes-moneygivesuschoiceandameasureoffreedom.Afteracertainincomecap,wesimplydon'tgetanyhappier.Anditisn'twhatwehave,butwhetherwehavemorethanourneighbor,thatreallymatters.Sothenewslastweekthatin2006tophedge-fundmanagerstookhome$240million,minimum,probablydidn'tmakethemanyhappier,itjustmadetherestofuslessso.

Nowpolicymakersareracingtofigureoutwhatmakespeoplehappy,andjusthowtheyshoulddeliverit.CountriesasdiverseasBhutan,Australia,China,ThailandandtheU.K.arecomingupwith,"happinessindexer,"tobeusedalongsideGDPasaguidetosociety'sprogress.InBritain,the"politicsofhappiness"willlikelyfigureprominentlyinnextyear'selections.Nevermindthattheworld'stophappinessresearchersrecentlygatheredataconferenceinRometodebatewhetherjoyisevenmeasurable.

Whyisthisallhappeningnow?Onlyinthelastdecadehaveeconomists,psychologists,biologistsandphilosophersbeguncross-pollinatinginsuch-awaytoarriveat"happinessstudies."HarvardpsychologistDanielGilberthumorouslysumsupmuchofthenewwisdominhisbook"StumblingonHappiness."Hesays24-hourtelevisionandtheInternethaveallowedusalltoseemoreseeminglyhappypeoplethaneverbefore."We'resurroundedbythelifestylesoftherichandfamous,"saysGilbert,"rubbingournosesinthefactthatothershavemore."

Ofcourse,theideathatmoneyisn'ttherealkeytohappinessisn'tnew.The18th-centuryBritishEnlightenmentthinkerJeremyBenthamarguedthatpublicpolicyshouldtrytomaximizehappiness,andmanyprominenteconomistsagreedbutcouldnotquiteembracetheidea.Therewasjustnowaytomeasurehappinessobjectively.

Oneoftheearlyrevelationsofhappinessresearch,fromRichardEasterlinattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,wasthatwhilethericharetypicallyhappierthanthepoor,thehappinessboostfromextracashisn'tthatgreatonceonerisesabovethepovertyline.Thereason,saysEasterlin,isthe"hedoniccycle":wegetusedtobeingricherdarnquick,andtakeitforgrantedorcompareittowhatothershave,notwhatweusedtohave.Turnsout,keepingupwiththeJonesesishard-wiredintoourbrains,thankstoourpack-creatureroots.

Thoughmanyhappinessresearcherssay"workless,playmore"istheformulaforhappiness,RuutVeenhoven,aprofessoratErasmusUniversityinRotterdam,suggestsotherwise.Hard-workingAmericansranks17thonhislist;thehard-vacationingFrench39th.HumanbeingsdowantaEuropean-stylesafetynet,butalsowantfreedomandopportunity.

Andperhapsourintuitionsabouthappinessshouldtriumphoverthefuzzydata,anyway.Theeconomicsofhappinesshasgivenusacoupleoffairlyhardandfastrulesaboutwell-beingbeingtrulypoorisbad,andtimewithfriendsandfamilyaregood.Thegoodnewsisthatwhateverchoiceswemakeindividuallyandassocietiesinthepursuitofhappinessthere'sgoodchancethatthey'llseembetterinhindsight.Yetanothertruismofhappinessisthat"weallwearrose-coloredglasseswhenitcomestoourpastdecision-making."saysGilbert.Today'sdreadfullifechoicewilllikelybetomorrow'shappyaccident.

Thepassagebelowsummarizesthemainpointsofthepassage.Readthesummaryandthenselectthebestwordorphrasefromtheboxblowaccordingtothepassage.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Wearepooratprevisionoftheoriginofhappiness,andwewouldprobablybelievethedecisionwemadeisthemostsatisfactory.TheHappinesshasbecome(1)everywherebuttoughtodefine.Nationsandpeoplemanagetogainhigherincomesbasedontheprincipleofeconomicsthat(2)arerelatedtohappiness,butthatisnot(3).Wealthaloneisn'tnecessarilywhatmakesushappy.Itmakesdifferentifwepossessmorethan(4),andthat'swhywefeelunhappytofindthosetop(5)havesuperlativeincome.Somenationsarebeginningtoconsiderissueslikemeasuringsociety'sprogressby(6)aswellasGDP,andresearchersevenheldseminartoexchangesurveysaboutthe(7),thoughtheinfluentialtopicwasadvanced10yearsago.Theissuethatastatepolicyshouldbe(8)thehappinessofthemajority,eruptedmanydecadesagobyBritishEnlightenmentthinkerJeremyBenthamandacceptedbymanyeminenteconomists,couldnotfairly(9),becausehappinesscannotbeobjectivelymeasured.The(10)ofthehappinessmadebyRichardEasterlinisthatthewealthmakespeoplehappier,buttheirhappinesswillnot(11)asgreatasitshouldbeiftheyliveabovethe(12).Theycaneasilytakethelifeforgrantedand(13)themoreexpansivewayoflife.Theyare(14)tocomparethelifewithothersandmanagetokeepupwiththeJoneses.RuutVeenhoven,aprofessoratErasmusUniversityinRotterdam,doesnotsupportthe(15)"workless,playmore".Accordingtohisinvestigationofhappinesslist,peoplewantaEuropean-style(16)andwanttoenjoyfreedomandopportunityaswell.Weshouldprobablygobeyondtheconfusinginformationand(17)thefairlyprinciplesofthehappiness:povertyis(18),stavingwithfriendsandfamilyis(19),andthedecisionsmade(20)arebychancetobehappyexperience.

A.happinessindexes

B.putintoeffect

C.preliminaryinterpretation

D.formulaforhappiness

E.terrible

F.earnings

G.safetyscheme

H.measurementofhappiness

I.adaptto

J.Mr.Joneses

K.optimize

L.povertyline

M.thecase

N.acquaintwith

O.innate

P.inthepast

Q.joyful

R.agitatingtopics

S.escalate

T.hedge-fundmanagers

【答案】1.R

2.F

3.M

4.J

5.T

6.A

7.H

8.I

9.B

10.C

11.S

12.L

13.N

14.O

15.D

16.G

17.K

18.E

19.Q

20.P

【解析】1.根据第二段的第二句"Happinessiseverywhere—onthebest-sellerlists,inthemindsofpolicymakers,andfrontandcenterforeconomists—yetitremainselusive."可知,幸福是个有争议的话题。所以，空格处应填"agitatingtopics"。

2.根据第二段的三四句"Thegoldenruleofeconomicshasalwaysbeenthatwell-beingisasimplefunctionofincome."经济学的黄金法则一直是：幸福是收入的简单函数。也就是说人们将收入和幸福联系起来。所以，空格处应填"earnings"。

3.thatisnotthecase为固定搭配，意为"事实并非如此"。文中第二段有提到"Afteracertainincomecap,wesimplydon'tgetanyhappier."收人增加不一定会使我们幸福。所以,空格处应填"thecase"。

4.根据第二段的"butwhetherwehavemorethanourneighbor,thatreallymatters."重要的是我们是否比邻居拥有的更多。以及倒数第三段的最后一句"Turnsout,keepingupwiththeJonesesishard-wiredintoourbrains,thankstoourpack-creatureroots."由此可以推断，这里的neighbor和Mr.Joneses相对应。

5.根据第二段的最后一句"Sothenewslastweek...madetherestofuslessso."2006年顶级对冲基金经理至少赚了2.4亿美元，这可能并没有让他们更快乐，只是让我们其他人不那么快乐。所以使我们不快乐的是髙收入的对冲基金经理。所以,空格处应填"hedge-fundmanagers"。

6.根据关键词"GDP"定位到第三段第二句“...,“happinessindexer,”tobeusedalongsideGDPasaguidetosociety'sprogress.”不丹、澳大利亚、中国、泰国和英国等多个国家都提出了“幸福指数”将与GDP一起作为社会进步的指南。所以,空格处应填"happinessindexes"。

7.根据第三段的最后一句“Nevermindthattheworld'stophappinessresearchersrecentlygatheredataconferenceinRometodebatewhetherjoyisevenmeasurable.”最近，世界顶尖的幸福研究人员在罗马召开了一次会议，讨论快乐是否可以衡量。所以，空格处应填"measurementofhappiness"。

8.根据第五段的第二句“The18th-centuryBritishEnlightenmentthinkerJeremyBenthamarguedthatpublicpolicyshouldtrytomaximizehappiness,...”18世纪的英国启蒙思想家JeremyBentham认为，国家政策应该将幸福最大化。"adaptto"指适应于...。

9.根据第五段的第二句“...andmanyprominenteconomistsagreedbutcouldnotquiteembracetheidea.”许多著名经济学家同意这一观点,但并不完全赞同。也就是说不能完全实施执行。"putintoeffect"意为执行。

10.根据关键词“RichardEasterlin”定位到第六段第一句“Oneoftheearlyrevelationsofhappinessresearch,fromRichardEasterlinattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,...”由此可知RichardEasterlin曾对幸福做过早期的研究。所以,空格处应填"preliminaryinterpretation"。

11.根据第六段第一句“...whilethericharetypicallyhappierthanthepoor,thehappinessboostfromextracashisn'tthatgreatonceonerisesabovethepovertyline.”虽然富人通常比穷人更幸福，但获得额外的金钱并不会像摆脱贫困线那样更能增加幸福。所以，空格处应填"escalate"。

12.根据第六段第一句“...thehappinessboostfromextracashisn'tthatgreatonceonerisesabovethepovertyline.”可知，空格处应填入"povertyline"。

13.根据第六段的倒数第二句“wegetusedtobeingricherdarnquick,andtakeitforgrantedorcompareittowhatothershave,notwhatweusedtohave.”我们很快就习惯了变得更富有，并且认为这是理所当然的，或者把它与别人所拥有的相比，而不是与我们曾经拥有的相比。所以，空格处应填"acquaintwith"。

14.根据第六段的最后一句“Turnsout,keepingupwiththeJonesesishard-wiredintoourbrains,...”事实证明，与他人攀比是我们大脑的固有模式。所以，空格处应填"innate"。

15.定位到第七段第一句“"workless,playmore"istheformulaforhappiness.”"少工作,多娱乐"是幸福的公式。所以，空格处应填"formulaforhappiness"。

16.根据第七段最后一句“HumanbeingsdowantaEuropean-stylesafetynet,...”人类确实需要一个欧洲式的安全网...。所以，空格处应填"safetyscheme"。

17.根据最后一段的第一句“perhapsourintuitionsabouthappinessshouldtriumphoverthefuzzydata,anyway.”也许我们对幸福的直觉应该超过那些模糊的数据。所以，空格处应填"optimize"。

18.根据最后一段的第二句“Theeconomicsofhappinesshasgivenusacoupleoffairlyhardandfastrulesaboutwell-beingbeingtrulypoorisbad,...”由此可知，贫穷是不好的，是可怕的。所以应填"terrible"。

19.根据最后一段的第二句“...andtimewithfriendsandfamilyaregood.”与家人和朋友在一起是令人愉快的。所以，空格处应填"joyful"。

20.根据最后一段倒数第二句“...weallwearrose-coloredglasseswhenitcomestoourpastdecision-making...”谈到我们过去的决策，我们都是乐观的。所以，空格处应填"inthepast"。

4.单选题

Forthelongesttime,Icouldn'tgetworkedupaboutprivacy:myrighttoit;howit'sdying;howwe’reheadedforanevenmorewired,underregulated,overintrusive,privacy-deprivedplanet.

IshouldalsopointoutthatasnewsdirectorforPathfinder,TimeInc.'smegainfomall,andaguywhoontheWeb,Iknowbetterthanmostpeoplethatwe'rehurtlingtowardanevenmoreintrusiveworld.We'reallbeingwatchedbycomputerswheneverwevisitWebsites;bythemereactof"browsing"(itsoundssopassive!)we'regoingpublicinawaythatwasunimaginableadecadeago.IknowthisbecauseI'mawatchertoo.WhenpeoplecometomyWebsite,withouteverknowingtheirnames,Icanpeerovertheirshoulders,recordingwhattheylookat,timinghowlongtheystayonaparticularpage,followingthemaroundPathfinder'ssprawlingofferings.

Noneofthiswouldbothermeintheleast,Isuspect,ifafewyearsago,myphone,likeMarley'sghost,hadn'tgivenmeaglimpseofthenightmarestocome.OnThanksgivingweekendin1995,someone(presumablyacriticofabookmywifeandIhadjustwrittenaboutcomputerhackers)forwardedmyhometelephonenumbertoanout-of-stateansweringmachine,whereunsuspectingcallerstryingtoreachmeheardamalevoiceidentifyhimselfasmeandsaysomeextremelyrudethings.Then,withtypicalhackeraplomb,thepranksteraskedpeopletoleavetheirmessages(whichtomysurprisemanycallers,includingmymother,did).ThiswentonforseveraldaysuntilmywifeandIfiguredoutthatsomethingwaswrong("Hey...whyhasn'tthephonerungsinceWednesday?")andgotourphoneservicerestored.

Itseemedfunnyatfirst,anditgaveusaswellstorytotellonourbooktour.Buttheinterloperwhoseizedourtelephonelinecontinuedtohitusevenafterthetourended.Andhitusagainandagainforthenextsixmonths.Thephonecompanyseemedpowerless.Itssecurityfolksmovedustooneunlistednumberafteranother,halfadozentimes.Theyputspecialpincodesinplace.Theyputtracesontheline.Butthetroublemakerkeptbreakingthrough.

Ifourhackerhadbeentrulyevilandomnipotentasonlyfictionalmoviehackersare,therewouldprobablyhavebeenevenworsewayshecouldhavethreatenedmyprivacy.Hecouldhavesabotagedmycreditrating.HecouldhaveeavesdroppedonmytelephoneconversationsorsiphonedoffmyE-mail.Hecouldhavecalledinmymortgage,discontinuedmyhealthinsuranceorobliteratedmySocialSecuritynumber.LikeSandraBullockinTheNetJcouldhavebeenadigitaluntouchable,wanderingtheplanetwithoutaconnectiontotherestofhumanity.(AlthoughifIdidn'thavetopaybackschoolloans,itmightbeworthit.Justathought.)

Still,Irememberfeelingviolatedatthetimeandaspowerlessasaminnowinaflashflood.Someonewasinvadingmyprivatespace—myfamily'sprivatespace—andtherewasnothingIortheauthoritiescoulddo.ItwasasclosetoatechnologicalepiphanyasIhaveeverbeen.AndasIwatchedmypersonaldigitalhellunfold,itstruckmethatourprivacy—mineandyours—hasalreadydisappeared,notinoneBigBrotherlyblitzkriegbutinLittleBrotherlymoments,bitbybit.

Losingcontrolofyourtelephone,ofcourse,istheleastofit.Afterall,mostofusvoluntarilygiveoutourphonenumberandaddresswhenweallowourselvestobelistedintheWhitePages.Mostofusgoalotfurtherthanthat.WeregisterourwhereaboutswheneverweputabankcardinanATMmachineordrivethroughanE-ZPasslaneonthehighway.Wesubmittobeingphotographedeveryday—20timesadayonaverageifyouliveorworkinNewYorkCity一bysurveillancecameras.WemakepublicourinterestsandourpurchasinghabitseverytimeweshopbymailorderorvisitacommercialWebsite.

1.Whatinformationdoyoulearnabouttheauthorthatestablisheshimasanauthorityonthistopic?

2.Whichofthefollowingproblemshastheauthorexperienced?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thehackersinthemoviewouldconductfollowingthingEXCEPT（）

.

4.Thewritercitedhisexperiencetoshowthat（）.

5.Becauseofadvancesintoday'stechnology,therighttoprivacycouldbecompromisedinthefollowingareasEXCEPT

（）

.

问题1选项

A.Hehassufferedalotinlosinghisprivacy.

B.HemakeshislivingoffoftheWeb.

C.Heknowshowtomonitorhisaccount.

D.Heandhiswifepublishedabookconcerningcomputerhackers.

问题2选项

A.Someonegotinformationfromhismedicalfilesandsenthimbrochuresonhealthproductshemaywanttobuy.

B.Someoneusedthemotor-vehicleregistrationrecordsonhiscartofindhishomeaddress.

C.Someonereroutedhistelephonecallstoanothernumberwithouthisknowledge.

D.Someonesentane-mailmessagethatdestroyedthefilesonhiscomputer.

问题3选项

A.eavesdropping

B.damagingaSocialSecuritynumber

C.threateninginaflashflood

D.makingapersoninformationdisappearinthedatebase

问题4选项

A.theauthorizedorganizationcouldsolvetheproblembyofferingtimelyhelp

B.theinterloperwouldbekeptbacksoonerorlater

C.thegovernmenttookpersonalprivacybitbybit

D.hewouldlosehisprivacygradually

问题5选项

A.purchasing

B.banking

C.telephoneuse

D.recruitment

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第二段的第一句“IshouldalsopointoutthatasnewsdirectorforPathfinder,TimeInc.'smegainfomall,andaguywhoontheWeb,...”作为时代公司旗下大型信息商城《开创者》的新闻总监和一个在网上谋生的人,我应该指出所以选项B正确。

2.根据第三段的第二句“someoneforwardedmyhometelephonenumbertoanout-of-stateansweringmachine,...”可知,有人将作者的住宅电话号码转到了州外的答录机上,选项C符合原文。

3.根据第五段的内容可知,科幻电影中的黑客会破坏被害人的信誉评价,窃听电话,截取邮件,收回抵押,停止健康保险或者删除社会保险号,甚至断绝被害人与其他人的联系,使其信息消失在数据库中。所以选项A,B,D均有提及,只有选项C是作者打的一个比喻,形容被侵犯的感觉,所以本题选C。

4.根据倒数第二段的最后一句“AndasIwatchedmypersonaldigitalhellunfold,itstruckmethatourprivacy—mineandyours—hasalreadydisappeared,notinoneBigBrotherlyblitzkriegbutinLittleBrotherlymoments,bitbybit.”作者引用自己的经历意在说明他的隐私,包括大家的隐私,都在逐渐消失,选项D符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的内容可知,我们在购物、取款和使用电话时隐私权都会受到侵犯,只有选项D在文中没有提及,所以本题选D。

5.单选题

Youinvestintheequitymarkettoprovideyourselfwithstreamoffuturedividendswhichwillhopefully_______inflation.

问题1选项

A.outpace

B.outface

C.outgrow

D.outlaw

【答案】A

【解析】outpace超过…速度,赶过;outface蔑视;outgrow出生,蜕变;outlaw将…放逐,宣布…不合法。句意：投资股票市场会给自己带来未来的红利，而且它将有望赶超通货膨胀。选项A符合句意。

6.单选题

Salasisoneof13,000KingCountyemployeeswhowillbeaskedtoconfidentially_______whetherthey'reoverweight,smokeorengageinotherhealth-relatedvices.

问题1选项

A.dement

B.divulge

C.retaliate

D.disservice

【答案】B

【解析】dement使发狂;divulge泄露,暴露;retaliate报复;disservice伤害,虐待。句意：萨拉斯是国王郡1.3万名雇员之一,他们将被要求私下透露自己是否超重、是否吸烟或是否有其他与健康有关的恶习。选项B符合句意。

7.单选题

Hewasreluctantbuthe_______becausehewantedtofindoutmoreabouttheirplansbeforegoingtothepolice.

问题1选项

A.playedalong

B.playeddown

C.playedabout

D.playedin

【答案】A

【解析】playalong合作,焦虑地等待;playdown降低,贬低;playabout玩耍;playin奏乐迎入。句意：他很不情愿但还是顺从了，因为他想在去警察局之前多了解一些他们的计划。选项A符合句意。

8.案例题

Everybodywastestime.Insteadofdoinghishomework,theschoolboywatchestelevision.Insteadofwritingheressaythestudentgoesoutwithherfriends.Theyallhavegoodintentions,buttheykeepputtingoffthemomentwhentheymuststartwork.Asaconsequence,theybegintofeelguilty,andthenwasteevenmoretimewishingtheyhadnotallowedthemselvestobedistracted.

Whensomeoneelseisorganizingourtimeforus,asforinstanceduringlessonsorworkinghours,wedonotnecessarilyworkmoreefficiently,butatleastwearesubjecttothedisciplineofaroutine.Itiswhenweareresponsiblefororganizingourowntimethattheneedforself-disciplinearises.

Iknowtwowriterswhoseemtoworkinquitedifferentways.Bobisextremelymethodical.Hearrivesathisofficeat9a.m.andiscreativeuntil12:30.At2p.m.hereturnstohisdeskandiscreativeuntil5p.m.,whenhegoeshomeandswitchesoffuntilthefollowingmorning.Alan,ontheotherhand,worksininspiredbursts,oftenmissingmealsandsleepinordertogethisideasdownonpaper.Suchperiodsofintenseactivityareusuallyfollowedbydayswhenhepottersaroundhisflat,listeningtoMozartandflickingthroughmagazines.

Theirplacesofworkreflecttheirstyles.Bob'sbooksareneatlyarrangedontheshelves;hecanalwaysfindthebookshewants.Alan,ontheotherhand,hasbooksandmagazinesallovertheplace.Theyareabouteverysubjectunderthesun,mostlyunconnectedwithhiswork.Allthesamehehasaknackofmakinguseoftheunlikelyinformationtoilluminatehisbooks.

1.Peopleoftenwastetheirtimeby（）.

2.Self-disciplineisneededwhenone（）.

3.WhydoestheauthorsayBobisextremelymethodical?

4.Alanoftengoeswithoutmealsandsleepwhen（）.

5.Alanreadsagreatvarietyofbooksandmagazines,sothat（）.

【答案】1.sparfortime.

2.arrangetimeforhimself.

3.BecauseBobalwaysarrangeswellwithhisdailyscheduleandworkingtools.

4.Allenneedstoburstintothoughtsandrecorditdown,hedoesn'teatnorsleep.

5.sparkinspiration.

【解析】1.根据第一段的第四句"Theyallhavegoodintentions,buttheykeepputtingoffthemomentwhentheymuststartwork."人们通过拖延时间而浪费时间。

2.根据第二段的最后一句"Itiswhenweareresponsiblefororganizingourowntimethattheneedforself-disciplinearises."当我们组织自己的时间时,自律的产生就很有必要了。

3.根据第三段的内容可知：Bob的生活特别规律,他把自己的作息时间和工作安排的井并有条,所以作者说鲍勃是一个非常有条理的人。

4.根据第三段的倒数第二句"Alan,ontheotherhand,worksininspiredbursts,oftenmissingmealsandsleepinordertogethisideasdownonpaper."艾伦的作品灵感迸发,经常为了把自己的想法写在纸上而错过吃饭和睡觉。

5.根据最后一段的最后一句"Allthesamehehasaknackofmakinguseoftheunlikelyinformationtoilluminatehisbooks."尽管如此,他还是有办法利用这些不太可能的信息来照亮他的书。也就是说以便激发灵感。

9.单选题

A1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat_______girlsinschoolwasprobablythesinglemosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.

问题1选项

A.enrolling

B.assigning

C.involving

D.consenting

【答案】A

【解析】enrolling招收,参加;assigning指派,分配;involving牵涉,使参与;consenting允许,赞成。句意：世界银行1994年的一份报告得出结论：招收女童入学可能是当今发展中世界最有效的反贫困政策。选项A符合句意。

10.翻译题

ManyadvocatesofauniversalhealthcaresystemintheUnitedStateslooktoCanadafortheirmodel.WhiletheCanadianhealthcaresystemhasmuchtorecommendit,there'sanothermodelthathasbeentoolongneglected.ThatisthehealthcaresysteminFrance.

(1)AlthoughtheFrenchsystemfacesmanychallenges,theWorldHealthOrganizationrateditthebestintheworldin2001becauseofitsuniversalcoverage,responsivehealthcareproviders,patientandproviderfreedoms,andthehealthandlongevityofthecountry'spopulation.TheUnitedStatesranked37.

TheFrenchsystemisalsonotinexpensive.At$3,500percapitaitisoneofthemostcostlyinEurope,yetthatisstillfarlessthanthe$6,100perpersonintheUnitedStates.

(2)TheFrenchshareAmericans'distasteforrestrictionsonpatientchoiceandtheyinsistonautonomousprivatepractitionersratherthanaBritish-stylenationalhealthservice,whichtheFrenchdismissas"socializedmedicine".VirtuallyallphysiciansinFranceparticipateinthenation'spublichealthinsurance,SecuriteSociale.

Theirfreedomsofdiagnosisandtherapyareprotectedinwaysthatwouldmaketheirmanaged-care-controlledUScounterpartsenvious.However,theaverageAmericanphysicianearnsmorethanfivetimestheaverageUSwagewhiletheaverageFrenchphysicianmakesonlyabouttwotimestheaverageearningsofhisorhercompatriots.(3)ButthelowerincomeofFrenchphysiciansisallayedbytwofactors,Practiceliabilityisgreatlydiminishedbyatort-averselegalsystem,andmedicalschools,althoughextremelycompetitivetoenter,aretuition-free.Thus,Frenchphysiciansentertheircareers,withanydebtandpaymuchlowermalpracticeinsurancepremiums.

NordoFrance'sdoctorsfacethehighnonmedicalpersonnelpayrollexpensesthatburdenAmericanphysicians.SecuriteSocialehascreatedastandardizedandspeedysystemforphysicianbillingandpatientreimbursementusingelectronicfunds.

(4)It'snotuncommontovisitaFrenchmedicalofficeandseenononmedicalpersonnel.Whataconcept.Nobackofficearmyofbillingspecialistswhododailybattlewithinsurers'arcaneandconstantlychangingrulesofpayment.

NationalhealthinsuranceinFrancestandsupontwograndhistoricalbargains—thefirstwithdoctorsandasecondwithinsurers.

DoctorsonlyagreedtoparticipateincompulsoryhealthinsuranceiftheJawprotectedapatient'schoiceofpractitionerandguaranteedphysicians'resistancebypermittingthenation'salreadyexistinginsurerstoadministeritsnewhealthcarefunds.PrivatehealthinsurersarealsocentraltothesystemassupplementalinsurerswhocoverpatientexpensesthatarenotpaidforbySecuriteSociale.

Infact,inFrance,thesickeryouare,themorecoverage,care,andtreatmentyouget.Likeallhealthcaresystems,theFrenchconfrontongoingproblems.(5)TodayFrenchreformers'numberonepriorityistomovehealthinsurancefinancingawayfrompayrollandwageleviesbecausetheyhamperemployers'willingnesstohire.Instead,Franceisturningtowardbroadtaxesonearnedandunearnedincomealiketopayforhealthcare.

ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

【答案】（1）尽管法国的医疗保健制度面临着很多的挑战，但2001年世界卫生组织仍将它排在第一位，原因是法国的医疗保健制度的覆盖面最广，拥有积极响应的医疗保健提供者,医患的自由性和国民健康、长寿。

（2）法国人和美国人一样也不愿意在患者选择上设限，并且他们坚决主张自主的私营执业者，而不是一种英国式的国民保健制度。法国人将这种国民保健制度视为“公费医疗制度”，不予采纳。

（3）但是两方面的因素弥补了法国医生的收入低的情形。反侵权法律制度大大减小了实践责任。另外,尽管进入医学院的竞争极其激烈，但其学费是免费的。因此，法国医生就业时很少欠债，所付的医疗事故保险费非常少。

（4）参观法国医用办公室看不到非医学的职员是很平常的事情。也就是说在后端办公的人员中，没有大批的医疗账单专家每天与保险公司不断改变的付款规则作战。

（5）)如今法国改革者优先考虑的事是不再从工资和工资税上为健康保险筹措资金，因为他们制约了雇用者雇用员工的意愿。相反，法国的税收主要是来自工薪收入和非工薪收入，并用这些税收来支付健康保险。

11.单选题

Businessisimprovingbutmuchmorehardworkandcommonsensewillbe_______beforeanysubstantialprofitscanberealized.

问题1选项

A.putupwith

B.calledfor

C.takenup

D.gonethrough

【答案】B

【解析】putupwith容忍;calledfor需要,要求;takenup拿起,占据,开始从事;gonethrough经历。句意：生意正在好转,但要想获得可观的利润,还需要做更多的工作和了解更多的常识。选项B符合句意。

12.写作题

Writeanessayonthegiventopic"OnUniversity".Basedonthefollowingoutline,presentyourargumentwithsupportingdetailsofnolessthan250words.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

1.大学的功能

2.大学是否实现了目标

3.如何改进

【答案】OnUniversity

Itisaclearfactthatourcountryattachesgreatimportancetoeducationandtherearemuchmorestudentswhobecomeuniversityfreshmeneachyear.Althoughtheyhaveenteredintotheiridealsanctum,dotheyreallyknowabouttheuniversity?

Inmyopinion,universityisnotonlyaplaceofacquiringknowledgebutaplaceofgettingintegrateddevelopmentaswell.Auniversitystudentisonthebestphaseofforminghisowncharacteranddevelopinghisall-aroundcapacity.However,teachersintheclassstillkeeptotraditionalteachingmethod,whichhardlycreateakindofenvironmentwherestudentshavechancetoexpresstheirownthoughts.Inaddition,auniversitycanbedescribedasabridgebetweenstudentsandsociety.Ifitdoesn’tlinkthebothsides,ornotenough,oncestudentsstepintosociety,theymaybepuzzledbymanythingsandscarcelyknowhowtodealwiththem.Sohowtoimproveuniversityeducation?Weshouldinnovateuponteachingmethodonthebasisoftraditionalonesoastoletstudentshavemorechancestospeakouttheirownthinking.Wecanalsoholdasmalldiscussingmeetingtodealwiththerealproblemsfromsociety,thereforewhenstudentsgooutofthecampus,theywilladaptthemselvestothesocietyquickly.

Tosumup,nowadaysthemainproblemsexistinginuniversityeducationisthatmoststudentslackofabilitytothinkindependentlyandtodealwithcomplexthingsinoursociety.I’msuretheseproblemswillbesolvedaslongascorrectandeffectivemeasurescanbetaken.