2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号76

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

III.ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw

TwocenturiesafterMarburyv.Madison,thereremainsadeepconfusionaboutquitewhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview.Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.TheConstitutionprohibitsnotobjectsbutactions.Judicialreviewisthereviewofsuchactions.Andactionsrequireactors:verbsrequiresubjects.Sobeforejudicialreviewfocusesonverbs,letaloneobjects,itshouldbeginatthebeginning,withsubjects.Everyconstitutionalinquiryshouldbeginwithabasicquestionthathasbeenalmostuniversallyoverlooked.Thefundamentalquestion,fromwhichallelsefollows,isthewhoquestion:whohasviolatedtheConstitution?

Asjudicialreviewispracticedtoday,courtsskipoverthisbedrockquestiontogettothemorefamiliarquestion:howwastheConstitutionviolated?Butitmakesnosensetoaskhow,untilthereisananswertowho.Indeed,incountlessmuddledlinesofdoctrine,puzzlementaboutthepredicatesofconstitutionalviolationfollowsdirectlyfrommorefundamentalconfusionaboutthesubjects.

Thisfundamentalconfusion,likemostconfusioninlaw,stemsfrominsufficientattentiontotext.Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.Thewordsformclausesandtakeongrammaticalfunctionswithinthoseclauses.Withintheirclauses,thesewordsbecomesubjects,verbs,objects.Thegrammaticalrelationshipamongthesewordsmaybejustasrevealingasthewordsthemselves.Grammaticalimprecisioncancause—andhascaused—deepanalyticalanddoctrinalconfusion.Butcarefulattentiontoconstitutionalgrammarcanreveal—andwillreveal—nothinglessthantheconstitutionalstructureofjudicialreview.

Confusionaboutthewho(and,relatedly,thewhen)ofconstitutionalviolationhasbeentherootcauseofmanyofthedeepestpuzzlesoffederaljurisdiction—puzzlesofripeness,ofstanding,ofseverability,of“facial”and“as-applied”challenges.Simplybyfocusingattentiononthiscrucialconstitutionalfeature,thesubjectsoftheConstitution,thesepuzzlesmaybesolvedonceandforall.

Andastheyaresolved,itbecomesclearthatthisapproachconstitutesanewmodelofjudicialreview.AccordingtoHarvardLawProfessorRichardFallon,federalcourtsscholarshavebeendoingmuchthesamethingsincetheoriginalpublicationofTheFederalCourtsandtheFederalSystemin1953—“askingmuchthesamequestionsformulatedbyHenryHartandHerbertWechsler…andtryingtoanswerthemwithroughlythesametechniques.”

59.Whydoestheauthorthinkthereremainsadeepconfusionaboutwhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview?

60.Theunderlinedphrase“asrevealingas”inthe3ndparagraphmeans___.

61.Theauthorthinksthattheconfusionaboutthewhoofconstitutionalviolationhasbeentherootcauseofthefollowingpuzzlesexcept___.

62.Readingtheparagraphs,onecantellthattheauthor___.

问题1选项

A.Judicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects.

B.Judicialreviewisthereviewofactions.

C.Verbsrequiresubjects.

D.Thejudicialreviewfocusesobjects,whereitshouldbeginwithsubjects.

问题2选项

A.equallyimportant

B.informingsamebackground

C.asinformativeas

D.grammaticalrelationshipamongthewords

问题3选项

A.thewordsofastatute

B.whetherthefactsofacasehavedevelopedsufficientlytopermitausefuldecisiontobemade

C.aparty’srighttomakealegalclaim

D.whethertoinvalidatethewholecontractoronlytheoffendingwords

问题4选项

A.thinksthatMarburyv.MadisonwasthefirstcaseofjudicialreviewintheUS

B.disagreeswiththecourts’previouspracticeofjudicialreview

C.thinksthatequallytextualstructureisequallyimportantaswordsinjudicialreview

D.thinksthatthepuzzlesoffederaljurisdictionmaybesolvedonceandforall

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】59.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.（传统观点认为，司法审查是对某些法律对象的审查：法规，规章。但严格来说，这并不完全正确。）可知A选项“司法审查是对某些法律客体的审查”并不是作者认为法院在进行司法审查时，对审查的内容仍然存在深深的困惑的原因；第一段Judicialreviewisthereviewofsuchactions.Andactionsrequireactors:verbsrequiresubjects.Sobeforejudicialreviewfocusesonverbs,letaloneobjects,itshouldbeginatthebeginning,withsubjects.（司法审查就是对这种行为的审查。行动需要参与者：行动需要主语。所以在司法审查把重点放在行动上，更不用说客体，应该从主体开始）可知D选项“司法审查以客体为中心，应以主体为起点”和原文不符，作者认为是以“行为”为中心，排除，以及C选项“动作需要主语”并不是在进行司法审查时，对审查的内容仍然存在深深的困惑的原因，排除；同时可知B选项“司法审查是对行为的审查”符合题意，作者认为目前存在的困惑是司法审查应该先审查行为，而不是审查某些法律课题，但是传统司法审查所做的内容与之相悖，所以产生了困惑。因此B选项符合题意。

60.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】词义推测题。根据题干定位到划线句子处Thegrammaticalrelationshipamongthesewordsmaybejustasrevealingasthewordsthemselves.（这些词之间的语法关系可能就像这些词本身一样具有启示意义。）可知本句中asrevealingas表示“启示意义”，选C选项“提供有用信息”；A选项“同样重要”，B选项“告知相同的背景”以及D选项“语法关系”不符合原文的语境，排除。因此C选项正确。

61.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干问：笔者认为，除了___之外，对违宪主体的困惑是造成以下困惑的根本原因。结合原文第二段最后一句Indeed,incountlessmuddledlinesofdoctrine,puzzlementaboutthepredicatesofconstitutionalviolationfollowsdirectlyfrommorefundamentalconfusionaboutthesubjects.（事实上，在无数杂乱无章的学说中，对违宪谓词的困惑直接源于对主体更基本的困惑）第三段第一句Thisfundamentalconfusion,likemostconfusioninlaw,stemsfrominsufficientattentiontotext.Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.（这种基本的混乱，就像法律中的大多数混乱一样，源于对文本的关注不够）可知是对于文本关注不够，导致了对主体更基本的困惑。因此对于文字的困惑并不是对违宪主体的困惑所造成的，而是文字的困惑造成了对违宪主体的困惑，则A选项“法令的文字”并不是对违宪主体的困惑所造成的；B选项“一个案件的事实是否已经发展到足以做出有用的决定”，C选项“当事人提出法律要求的权利”以及D选项“是使整个合同无效还是仅仅使冒犯的文字无效”在原文中并未涉及，排除。因此A选项符合题意。

62.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第三段Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.（当然，单个单词很重要，但同样重要的是文本结构）可知作者认为同等的文本结构与词语同等重要，选C选项“认为在司法审查中，同等的文本结构与词语同等重要”；第一段第一句TwocenturiesafterMarburyv.Madison,thereremainsadeepconfusionaboutquitewhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview.（Marburyv.Madison案已经过去两个世纪了，人们对法院在进行司法审查时究竟在审查什么仍有很深的困惑。）无法推断出A选项“认为马布里诉麦迪逊案是美国第一个司法审查的案件”，排除；第一段Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.（传统观点认为，司法审查是对某些法律对象的审查：法规，规章。但严格来说，这并不完全正确。）可知作者是认为传统观点并不正确，而不是不同意法院以前司法审查的做法，B选项“不同意法院以前司法审查的做法”排除；倒数第二段最后一句Simplybyfocusingattentiononthiscrucialconstitutionalfeature,thesubjectsoftheConstitution,thesepuzzlesmaybesolvedonceandforall.（只要关注这一重要的宪法特征，即宪法的主体，这些困惑就可以一劳永逸地得到解决）可知作者认为只要关注宪法的主体，联邦联邦管辖权的困惑就可以一劳永逸地得到解决，不能简单地说D选项“认为联邦管辖权的难题可以一劳永逸地解决”，太过片面，排除。因此C选项符合题意。

2.单选题

MobyDick,nowregardedasagreatworkofAmericanliterature,wasvirtually___whenitwasfirstpublished,anditwasnotuntilmanyyearslaterthatMelville’sachievementswere___.

问题1选项

A.renowned...relegated

B.notorious...justified

C.hailed...understood

D.ignored...recognized

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项renowned“使有声望”，relegated“贬职，把降低到，把……置于次要地位；使（球队）降级”；B选项notorious“声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”，justified“证明……是正当的；替……辩护”；C选项hailed“称赞；致敬；招呼”，understood“明白；懂得”；D选项ignored“忽略；不顾”，recognized“确认，承认；具结”。句意：《白鲸》现在被认为是美国文学史上的一部伟大作品，但它刚出版时却几乎___，直到许多年后，梅尔维尔的成就___。本句表达“《白鲸》刚出版时被人忽略，直到多年后，梅尔维尔的成就才被大家承认”。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

People___thatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.

问题1选项

A.convinced

B.anticipated

C.resolved

D.assured

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项convinced“说服；使确信，使信服”；B选项anticipated“预料，预期；预见，预计（并做准备）”；C选项resolved“决定；溶解；使……分解；决心要做……”；D选项assured“保证；担保；使确信；弄清楚”。句意：人们___，垂直飞行运输将像今天的飞机一样运载数百万乘客。本句表达“人们曾经预计”，因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Arecentpollshowsthat,while81percentofcollegestudentsareeligibleforsomeformoffinancialaid,only63percentofthesestudentsare___suchaid.

问题1选项

A.complainingabout

B.recipientsof

C.dissatisfiedwith

D.turneddownfor

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项complainingabout“投诉；对……抱怨”；B选项recipientsof“……的收件人；……的获得者”；C选项dissatisfiedwith“对……不满意”；D选项turneddownfor“为……减小，关小，调低/拒绝”。句意：最近的一项民意调查显示，81%的大学生有资格获得某种形式的经济援助，而这些学生中只有63%的人___这种援助。本句表示“只有63%的学生是这些援助的获得者（只有63%的学生获得这些援助）”。因此B选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Forthepurposesoflimitingtheunauthorizeddistributionofintellectualproperty,theDMCA’sstatutoryimmunityforISPsiscarefullystructuredtoblockonlyactionsfordamages.AnothersectionoftheActprovidesforaprocessbywhichacourt,undercertainconditions,cangrantinjunctiverelief.InthecaseofasourceISP,theremaybeanorderrequiringaterminationoftheoffendingsource’saccountwiththeISPoraterminationoftherestoftheworld’saccesstotheuser’sassignedInternetdestination,iftheinfringingmaterialresidesthere.ForanOSP,aninjunctionmaybeframedasanorderrequiringterminationoftheOSPuser’saccountorremovalorblockedaccesstothematerialontheOSP’sservers.

ItmaybethisprospectofinjunctivereliefthathasledtoapracticebypublishersofaskingISPstomonitorandpoliceactivitytakingplaceontheirnetworks.Forexample,theMotionPictureAssociationofAmericasentalettertoHarvardUniversitycomplainingofallegedlyinfringingmaterialhostedbysomeoneontheHarvardnetwork.Harvard,inturn,discoveredthatthematerialinquestionwashostedbyanundergraduateonhisowncomputerattachedtotheHarvarddormitorynetwork.Harvardsentalettertothestudentalertinghimthatsuchhostingwasinviolationofitsnetworkpolicies,andthreateningsanctionsshouldthestudentcontinuetohostsuchmaterial.NoticesbypublisherstoISPsseekingactionbytheISPsagainstindividualusershavebecomeroutine,withfirmsspringinguptoaccepttheoutsourcedtaskofidentifyingpointsofinfringementwithinanetworkandgeneratingcomplaintletterstotherelevantISPs.SomepublishershaveevenattemptedtogetsourceISPs—universities,inparticular—tochangenetworkarchitecturetopreventtheuseofpeer-to-peernetworkingcompletely.Whilemosthavedeclinedtodoso,atleastoneuniversity,inthesameweekitsentalettertoapublisherrefusingtotakeaction,announcedanetworkbandwidthconservationpolicythatclampedmostout-goingInternettrafficfromstudentdormitories,effectivelydampeningtheuniversity’scontributiontoworldwidefilesharing/piracy.

Forenforcementpurposes,itmaybeeasiertofindandengageanISPregardingitslegalresponsibilitiesthanasinglesubscriberofthatISP.Butifarevelationofsubscriberidentityissought,successmerelypushestheenforcementproblembacktodealingwithapotentiallyunreachablesource.Moreover,whentheISPinquestionislocatedoverseascooperationofanysortisfraughtwithasmanybarriersasthoseforfarawayindividualsourcesofillicitmaterial.

JonathanZittrain:InternetPointsofControl

83.Accordingtothe1stparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTaremedyregardingISP’sliability?

84.Thesentencewhichisclosestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedsentenceofthe2ndparagraphis___.

85.TheHarvardstudentstoryinthe2ndparagraphisusedtoillustrate___.

86.Theunderlinedword“revelation”inthe3rdparagraphmeans___.

问题1选项

A.damages

B.injunctiverelief

C.anorderrequiringaterminationoftheoffendingsource’saccount

D.anorderrequiringaterminationoftheaccesstotheuser’sassignedInternetdestination

问题2选项

A.TheprospectofinjunctivereliefmayhaveledtheISPstomonitorandpoliceactivitytakingplaceontheirnetworks.

B.TheprospectofinjunctivereliefmayhaveledthepublisherstoaskISPstomonitorandpoliceactivitytakingplaceontheirnetworks.

C.TheprospectofinjunctivereliefmayhaveledthepublishersofaskingISPstomonitorandpoliceactivitytakingplaceontheirnetworks.

D.ItistheprospectofinjunctivereliefthathasledtoapracticebypublishersofaskingISPstomonitorandpolicewhathappensontheirnetworks.

问题3选项

A.therelationshipbetweenauniversityanditsstudents

B.theliabilityofanetworkuser

C.actionstakenbyISPsinresponsetopublishers’requests

D.theuniversitypolicytowardsinfringement

问题4选项

A.repetition

B.revolution

C.surprise

D.disclosure

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】83.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段AnothersectionoftheActprovidesforaprocessbywhichacourt,undercertainconditions,cangrantinjunctiverelief.（该法的另一节规定了法院在某些条件下可以批准禁令救济的程序）可知B选项“禁令救济”符合是针对ISP的赔偿责任的救济；第一段ForanOSP,aninjunctionmaybeframedasanorderrequiringterminationoftheOSPuser’saccountorremovalorblockedaccesstothematerialontheOSP’sservers.（对于一个OSP，禁令可能是一个命令，要求终止OSP用户的账户或删除或阻止访问OSP服务器上的材料）可知C选项“要求终止违规来源账户的命令”和D选项“要求终止对用户指定的因特网目的地的访问的一种命令”符合是针对ISP的赔偿责任的救济；A选项“损害赔偿”第一段未涉及。因此A选项符合题意。

84.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第二段划线句子ItmaybethisprospectofinjunctivereliefthathasledtoapracticebypublishersofaskingISPstomonitorandpoliceactivitytakingplaceontheirnetworks.（也许正是这种禁令救济的前景导致了出版商要求ISP监控和监督其网络上的活动）可知选B选项“禁令救济的前景可能会促使出版商要求ISP监控和监督发生在他们的网络上的活动”；A选项“禁令救济的前景可能会促使互联网服务提供商监控和监督发生在他们的网络上的活动”，C选项“禁令救济的前景可能导致出版商要求ISP监控和监督发生在他们的网络上的活动”以及D选项“正是禁令救济的前景导致了出版商要求ISP监控和监督其网络上发生的事情”和原文不符。因此B选项正确。

85.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题，根据题干定位到原文第二段Forexample,theMotionPictureAssociationofAmericasentalettertoHarvardUniversitycomplainingofallegedlyinfringingmaterialhostedbysomeoneontheHarvardnetwork.Harvard,inturn,discoveredthatthematerialinquestionwashostedbyanundergraduateonhisowncomputerattachedtotheHarvarddormitorynetwork.Harvardsentalettertothestudentalertinghimthatsuchhostingwasinviolationofitsnetworkpolicies,andthreateningsanctionsshouldthestudentcontinuetohostsuchmaterial.（例如，美国电影协会给哈佛大学发了一封信，抱怨哈佛大学网络上有人托管的侵权材料。反过来，哈佛发现，有问题的材料是由一名本科生在自己的电脑上托管的，并与哈佛宿舍的网络相连。哈佛大学给该学生发了一封信，提醒他这样的托管违反了其网络政策，并威胁称，如果该学生继续托管此类材料，将受到制裁），可知这一个论据是用来支撑ItmaybethisprospectofinjunctivereliefthathasledtoapracticebypublishersofaskingISPstomonitorandpoliceactivitytakingplaceontheirnetworks.（也许正是这种禁令救济的前景导致了出版商要求ISP监控和监督其网络上的活动）这一论点，选C选项“ISP响应出版商要求所采取的行动”，出版商们要求ISP监控和监督其网络上的活动，ISP也响应出版商要求所采取的行动；A选项“大学和学生之间的关系”，B选项“网络用户的责任”以及D选项“大学对侵权的政策”不符合原文。因此C选项正确。

86.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】词义辨析题。根据题干定位到原文第三段Butifarevelationofsubscriberidentityissought,successmerelypushestheenforcementproblembacktodealingwithapotentiallyunreachablesource.（但是，如果要求披露用户身份，成功只会将强制问题推回到处理可能无法到达的来源上）可知revelation在本句中表示“揭露，披露”；A选项“重复”；B选项“革命”；C选项“惊喜”；D选项“披露”。可知D选项正确。

6.单选题

Iwouldrather___troubleandhardshiplikethatthan___byothers.

问题1选项

A.had....takecareof

B.have...takencareof

C.had...takencareof

D.have...betakencareof

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。根据固定搭配wouldratherdosth.thandosth.“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”可知空格处要填入原型，排除A，B，C选项。句意：我宁愿有困难，也不愿被别人照顾。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

Thelittlemanwas___onemeterfiftyhigh.

问题1选项

A.almostmorethan

B.hardlymorethan

C.nearlymorethan

D.asmuchas

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项almostmorethan“几乎超过”；B选项hardlymorethan“不足；仅仅”；C选项nearlymorethan“差不多超过”；D选项asmuchas“几乎；多达；至多”。句意：这个矮小的男人身高___一米五十。本句表达“矮小的男人身高不足一米五”因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

Iwastaken___whenIsawhimbecausehehadlostallhishair.

问题1选项

A.aback

B.aside

C.about

D.apart

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项betakenaback“吃惊；大为震惊”；B选项takeaside“把……叫到一旁”；C选项takeabout“领……游览……；带某人出入娱乐场所”；D选项takeapart“拆开；剖析；粗暴对待”。句意：当我看到他的时候，我很___，因为他的头发全都掉光了。本句表达“看到他头发掉光我很震惊”的意思，因此A选项正确。

9.翻译题

2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)

英国食品安全机构本周日称，一年前，3个欧盟国家已经得到关于马肉问题的通知。这些通知于2012年2月1日、15日和3月7日发出，通知特别指出了丹麦、匈牙利和意大利应当调查关于马肉的问题。它还在欧盟的食品和饲料快速警告系统中发布。

【答案】Britain’sfoodsafetyagencysaidonSundaythatthreeEuropeanUnioncountrieshadbeennotifiedaboutthehorsemeatproblemayearago.Thenotices,issuedon1February,15March2012and7March2012,specificallystatedthatDenmark,HungaryandItalyshouldinvestigatetheissueofhorsemeat.ItisalsopublishedintheEU’sRapidWarningsystemforfoodandfeed.

10.单选题

II.LastTerm,theSupremeCourtinUnitedStatesv.Halper,unanimouslycreatedaruleoflawthatwilldisruptfederal,state,andlocalgovernments’abilitytoenforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes,includingenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection.ThislikelydisruptionflowsfromtheCourt’srecognitionthatcertainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areattimesequallyaccessibletocivildefendantsfromwhomgovernmentisattemptingtocollectcivilpenaltiesforproscribedactivity.WhiletheCourt’sdecisioninHalperfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings,itsreasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.Theseadditionalconstitutionalprotectionscouldincludetheeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendment.

TurninginitiallytothemorenarrowdoublejeopardyissueaddressedinHalper,theCourt’sapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceedingwasaremarkablechangeinthelaw.Byextendingthereachofthedoublejeopardyclause,JusticeBlackmun’sopinionignoredaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.LookingatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle,however,itistheCourt’sreasoning,apartfromitsholdingondoublejeopardythatformsthecoreofthedisruptioncreatedforgovernmentregulatoryprograms.

Forexample,intheprocessofjustifyingitsruling,theCourtfounditnecessary:(1)toblurthelinebetweencivilandcriminalpunishmentandtodefinepunishmentforconstitutionalpurposestoincludecivilpenalties;(2)todiscardastatutoryconstructiontestusedforoverfiftyyearsindecidingwhetheralegislatureintendedacriminalorcivilpenalty;(3)torejecttheconceptofdeterrenceasalegitimateobjectiveofacivilstatute;(4)toreducetheconceptofgovernmentdamagetoamonetaryformulawhileignoringsubstantialprecedentwhichrecognizedthepossibilityofnonmeasurableharmtogovernment;(5)tocreateanaccountingprocedurefordecidingwhenthelineiscrossedbetweenremedyandpunishmentforconstitutionalpurposes;and(6)toallowindividualtrialcourtstoreplacethewilloflegislaturesindecidingtherationallevelofindemnitytogovernmentforitsloss.

1.ThenewrulecreatedbytheCourtinHalpercasewilldisruptdifferentlevelsofgovernments’abilityto___.

2.AccordingtoHalper,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Whatistheremarkablechangeinthelawaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.Readingtheparagraphsgiven,onecanfeelthatauthor___theHalpercase.

问题1选项

A.enforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes

B.enforcealltheimportantregulatoryschemes

C.enforcetheimportantregulatoryschemesofenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection

D.enforcetheimportantregulatoryschemesotherthanenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection

问题2选项

A.Certainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areequallyaccessibletocivildefendants.

B.Thereasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.

C.Theeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendmentareavailabletocivildefendants.

D.TheCourt’sreasoninganddecisionfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings.

问题3选项

A.Tonarrowdoublejeopardyissue.

B.Toignoreaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.

C.Theapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceeding.

D.TolookatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle.

问题4选项

A.disagreeswith

B.hasnegativefeelingwith

C.whollysupports

D.likes

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段第一句LastTerm,theSupremeCourtinUnitedStatesv.Halper,unanimouslycreatedaruleoflawthatwilldisruptfederal,state,andlocalgovernments’abilitytoenforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes,includingenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection.（上一届，最高法院在美国诉Halper案中一致制定了一项法律规则，该规则将破坏联邦、州和地方政府执行一系列重要监管计划的能力，包括环境保护、证券监管和税收征收）可知选A选项“执行一系列重要的监管计划”；B选项“执行所有重要的规管计划”，C选项“执行环境保护、证券监管、税收征管等重要监管方案”以及D选项“执行除环境保护、证券监管和税收征管外的重要监管计划”都不符合原文。因此A选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第一段ThislikelydisruptionflowsfromtheCourt’srecognitionthatcertainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areattimesequallyaccessibletocivildefendantsfromwhomgovernmentisattemptingtocollectcivilpenaltiesforproscribedactivity.（这种可能造成的干扰是由于最高法院认识到，某些宪法保护以前被认为只适用于刑事被告，但有时也适用于民事被告，政府正试图对被禁止的活动收取民事处罚）可知A选项“某些宪法保护以前被认为只适用于刑事被告，现在对民事被告也同样适用”和原文不符；第一段WhiletheCourt’sdecisioninHalperfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings,itsreasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.Theseadditionalconstitutionalprotectionscouldincludetheeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendment.（虽然法院在Halper案中的裁决只侧重于将双重危险条款扩展到民事处罚程序，但其推理和裁定的范围足够广泛，允许将其他宪法保护适用于政府发起的民事处罚案件。这些附加的宪法保护包括第八修正案、第五修正案的自证其罪条款和第六修正案的审判保障）可知B选项“推理和裁定的范围足够广泛，允许对政府发起的民事处罚案件适用其他宪法保护”，C选项“第八修正案、第五修正案的自证其罪条款和第六修正案的审判保证对民事被告适用”以及D选项“法院的推理和裁决只集中于将双重危险条款扩大到民事处罚程序”符合原文。因此A选项符合题意。

3.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段第一句TurninginitiallytothemorenarrowdoublejeopardyissueaddressedinHalper,theCourt’sapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceedingwasaremarkablechangeinthelaw.（最初转向Halpe案中涉及的更狭义的双重危险问题，法院对民事处罚程序的双重危险保护的适用是法律上的一个显著变化）可知选C选项“双重危险保护在民事处罚程序中的适用”；A选项“缩小双重危险问题”，B选项“忽视一系列只有在刑事诉讼中才承认双重危险保护的案件”以及D选项“从一个更全景的角度看Halper案”皆不是原文提到的法律上的一个显著变化。因此C选项正确。

4.观点态度题。定位到第二段Byextendingthereachofthedoublejeopardyclause,JusticeBlackmun’sopinionignoredaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.LookingatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle,however,itistheCourt’sreasoning,apartfromitsholdingondoublejeopardythatformsthecoreofthedisruptioncreatedforgovernmentregulatoryprograms.（通过扩大双重危险条款的范围，布莱克门法官的意见忽视了一系列只有在刑事诉讼中才承认双重危险保护的案件。然而，从更全面的角度来看，除了对双重危险的认定外，法院的推理构成了对政府监管项目造成破坏的核心）可知作者认为Halper案的处理方式导致了对政府监管项目造成破坏的核心，可以推测作者对Halper案有负面感觉，选B选项“对Halper案有负面的感觉”；A选项“不同意”太过严重；C选项“完全支持”和D选项“喜欢”都不符合原文的表达。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Thisistheseventhyear___thatthey’vewonthecup.

问题1选项

A.insubstance

B.insuccession

C.insuspension

D.insequence

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项insubstance“实质上；基本上；事实上”；B选项“接连地；连续地”；C选项insuspension“悬浮中”；D选项insequence“依次；逐一”。句意：这是他们___第七年获得冠军。本句表达“连续第七年”，因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

It’sageneralpracticeforsmallfactoriesto___moreworkersduringtimesofprosperity,andlayoffsomewhenrecessionhits.

问题1选项

A.takein

B.takeover

C.takeon

D.takeup

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项takein“吸收；领会；欺骗；接待；接受；理解；拘留；欺骗；让……进入；改短”；B选项takeover“接管；接收”；C选项takeon“承担；呈现；具有；流行；接纳；雇用；穿上”；D选项takeup“拿起；开始从事；占据（时间，地方）”。句意：对于小工厂来说，在经济繁荣时期___更多的工人，在经济衰退时裁掉一些工人是普遍做法。根据和后文layoff“解雇；休息；停止工作”对比可知本句表达“在经济繁荣时期雇佣更多的工人”。因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

Thislaw___thenumberofaccidentscausedbychildrenrunningacrosstheroadwhentheygetoffthebus.

问题1选项

A.intendsreducing

B.intendstobereduced

C.isintendedtoreduce

D.isintendedreducing

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法。本句主语为Thislaw，宾语为：thenumberofaccidents，causedbychildrenrunningacrosstheroadwhentheygetoffthebus为非谓语动词引导的定语修饰先行词accidents，定语中包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句，句意：这项法律___儿童下车时跑过马路造成的事故数量。由基本句型结构可知空格处需要填入谓语，intend“打算；想要；意指”，结合主语，法律不会主动做某事，可至空格需要填入被动语态，排除A，B；最后根据固定搭配intendtodosth.“想要做；想要做某事”，因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Thelocalbusinesswasnotmuch___bythesuddenoutbreakoftheepidemic.

问题1选项

A.intervened

B.insulated

C.hampered

D.pampered

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项intervened“介入（intervene的过去式和过去分词）”；B选项insulated“有隔热（或隔音、绝缘）保护的”；C选项hampered“受阻碍的”；D选项pampered“饮食过量的；饮食奢侈的”。句意：这种流行病的突然爆发并没有给当地的商业带来多大的___。本句表达“当地的商业并没有受阻碍”，因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

I’mafraidourfoodstockwillbe___beforelong.

问题1选项

A.putup

B.stayedup

C.savedup

D.usedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项putup“提供；建造；举起；提高；推举，提名；供给……住宿；直接行动”；B选项stayedup“不睡觉，熬夜”；C选项savedup“储蓄；贮存”；D选项usedup“用完，耗尽”。句意：恐怕我们的食物储备不久就会___。本句表达“不久就会用完事物”。因此D选项正确。

16.单选题

___foryourhelp,Icouldnothaveaccomplishedthedissertation.

问题1选项

A.Haditbeennot

B.Hadnotitbeen

C.Hadnotbeenit

D.Haditnotbeen

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。当主句：主语+should/would/could/might+havedone，从句：If主语+had+done，表示和过去事实相反的情况，其中if可以省略。虚拟语气if省略时，句中的动词were、had或should和主语倒装，构成部分倒装：只需要将谓语中的助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。因此D选项正确。

17.单选题

IV.CriminalLaw

Threatstonationalsecurityandpublicsafety,whetherrealorperceived,resultinanatmosphereconducivetotheabuseofcivilliberties.Historyislitteredwithexamples:TheAlienandSeditionActsof1798,thesuspensionofhabeascorpusduringtheCivilWar,thePalmerRaidsduringWorldWarI,andMcCarthyismintheaftermathofWorldWarII.

Unfortunately,thepost-9/11worldrepresentsnodeparturefromthisage-oldtrend.Evidenceofpost-9/11tensionbetweennationalsecurityandcivillibertiesisseenintheheightenedregulationofphotography;scholarshavelabeleditthe“WaronPhotography”—aconflictbetweenlawenforcementofficialsandphotographersovertherighttotakepicturesinpublicplaces.Inmanycases,policeofficersandprivatesecurityguardshaveinvokedblanketnotionsof“nationalsecurity”toprohibitthepressandprivatephotographersfromtakingpicturesofstructuresthatareinplainviewofthegeneralpublic.Inothercases,lawenforcementofficialshaveusedbroadlywordedcriminalstatutessuchas“obstructionofjustice”or“interferingwithapoliceofficer”toprohibitthepressandprivatephotographersfromtakingpartinwhatisconstitutionallyprotectedbehavior.AsimpleGooglesearchrevealscountlessincidentsofoverzealouslawenforcementofficialsdetainingorarrestingphotographersand,inmanycases,confiscatingtheircamerasandmemorycards,despitethefactthattheseindividualswereinlawfulplaces,atlawfu