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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京航空航天大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题
ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased(),awiderrangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.
问题1选项
A.Circulation
B.reproduction
C.manipulation
D.penetration
【答案】A
【解析】句意:美国报纸的新技术革命带来了()、覆盖面拓宽和新闻工作的增加。A选项circulation发行量;B选项reproduction复制;生殖;C选项manipulation操纵,控制;D选项penetration渗透,A符合句意。
2.单选题
Thetownplanningcommissionsaidthattheirfinancialoutlookforthenextyearwasoptimistic.Theyexpectincreasedtax().
问题1选项
A.efficiency
B.revenues
C.privileges
D.validity
【答案】B
【解析】名词辨析。句意:城镇规划委员会对他们下一年的经济前景持乐观态度。他们期盼税收增加。
efficiency效率;revenue税收,收益;privilege特权;validity有效性。taxrevenue表示“税收”,是常用词组。故本题选B。
3.单选题
Picture-takingisatechniquebothforannexingtheobjectiveworldandforexpressingthesingularself.Photographsdepictobjectiverealitiesthatalreadyexist,thoughonlythecameracandisclosethem.Andtheydepictanindividualphotographer’stemperament,discoveringitselfthroughthecamera’scroppingofreality.Thatis,photographyhastwoantitheticalideals:inthefirst,photographyisabouttheworldandthephotographerisamereobserverwhocountsforlittle;butinthesecond,photographyistheinstrumentofintrepid,questingsubjectivityandthephotographerisall.
Theseconflictingidealsarisefromafundamentaluneasinessonthepartofbothphotographersandviewersofphotographstowardtheaggressivecomponentin“taking”apicture.Accordingly,theidealofaphotographerasanobserverisattractivebecauseitimplicitlydeniesthatpicture-takingisanaggressiveact.Theissue,ofcourse,isnotsoclear-cut.Whatphotographersdocannotbecharacterizedassimplypredatoryorassimply,andessentially,benevolent.Asaconsequence,oneidealofpicture-takingortheotherisalwaysbeingrediscoveredandchampioned.
Animportantresultofthecoexistenceofthesetwoidealsisarecurrentambivalencetowardphotography’smeans.Whatevertheclaimsthatphotographymightmaketobeaformofpersonalexpressiononaparwithpainting,itsoriginalityisinextricablylinkedtothepowersofamachine.Thesteadygrowthofthesepowershasmadepossibletheextraordinaryinformativenessandimaginativeformalbeautyofmanyphotographs,likeHaroldEdgerton’shigh-speedphotographsofabullethittingitstargetoroftheswirlsandeddiesofatennisstroke.Butascamerasbecomemoresophisticated,moreautomated,somephotographersaretemptedtodisarmthemselvesortosuggestthattheyarenotreallyarmed,preferringtosubmitthemselvestothelimitsimposedbypremoderncameratechnologybecauseacruder,lesshigh-poweredmachineisthoughttogivemoreinterestingoremotiveresults,toleavemoreroomforcreativeaccident.Forexample,ithasbeenvirtuallyapointofhonorformanyphotographers,includingWalkerEvansandCartierBresson,torefusetousemodernequipment.Thesephotographershavecometodoubtthevalueofthecameraasaninstrumentof“fastseeing”.CartierBresson,infact,claimsthatthemoderncameramayseetoofast.
Thisambivalencetowardphotographicmeansdeterminestrendsintaste.Thecultofthefuture(offasterandfasterseeing)alternatesovertimewiththewishtoreturntoapurerpast—whenimageshadahandmadequality.Thisnostalgiaforsomepristinestateofthephotographicenterpriseiscurrentlywidespreadandunderliesthepresent-dayenthusiasmfordaguerreotypesandthewokofforgottennineteenth-centuryprovincialphotographers.Photographersandviewersofphotographs,itseems,needperiodicallytoresisttheirownknowingness.
1.Accordingtothepassage,interestamongphotographersineachofphotography’stwoidealscanbedescribedas()
2.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith
()
3.TheauthormentionstheworkofHaroldEdgertoninordertoprovideanexampleof()
4.Accordingtothepassage,thetwoantitheticalidealsofphotographydifferprimarilyinthe
()
5.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbemostlikelytobegintheparagraphimmediatelyfollow-ingthepassage?
问题1选项
A.rapidlychanging
B.cyclicallyrecurring
C.steadilygrowing
D.unimportanttotheviewersofphotographs
问题2选项
A.establishingnewtechnicalstandardsforcontemporaryphotography
B.analyzingtheinfluenceofphotographicidealsonpicture-taking
C.tracingthedevelopmentofcameratechnologyinthetwentiethcentury
D.describinghowphotographers’individualtemperamentsarereflectedintheirwork
问题3选项
A.howacontrolledambivalencetowardphotography’smeanscanproduceoutstandingpictures
B.howthecontentofphotographshaschangedfromthenineteenthcenturytothetwentieth
C.thepopularityofhigh-speedphotographyinthetwentiethcentury
D.therelationshipbetweenphotographicoriginalityandtechnology
问题4选项
A.valuethateachplacesonthebeautyofthefinishedproduct
B.emphasisthateachplacesontheemotionalimpactofthefinishedproduct
C.degreeoftechnicalknowledgethateachrequiresofthephotographer
D.wayinwhicheachdefinestheroleofthephotographer
问题5选项
A.Photographers,asaresultoftheirheightenedawarenessoftime,areconstantlytryingtocap-tureeventsandactionsthatarefleeting.
B.Thusthecultofthefuture,theworshipofmachinesandspeed,isfirmlyestablishedinspiteofeffortstothecontrarybysomephotographers.
C.Therejectionoftechnicalknowledge,however,canneverbecompleteandphotographycan-notforanylengthoftimepretendthatithasnoweapons.
D.Thepointofhonorinvolvedinrejectingcomplexequipmentis,however,ofnosignificancetotheviewerofaphotograph.
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:D
第5题:C
【解析】1.第二段最后一句提到两种理想拍照方式中总会有一种在某段时间内被重新发现并占主要地位。所以说拍摄者的兴趣在两种理想模式间是循环往复的,故B项正确。
2.作者最后说明了两种拍照理念对于摄影发展的影响。所以B项“分析拍摄理念对于摄影的影响”符合文意,B项正确。
3.根据题干关键词定位至第三段:Whatevertheclaimsthatphotographymight....Thesteadygrowthofthesepowershasmadepossibletheextraordinaryinformativenessandimaginativeformalbeautyofmanyphotographs,likeHaroldEdgerton’shigh-speedphotographsofabullethittingitstargetoroftheswirlsandeddiesofatennisstroke”。作者以HaroldEdgerton为例,说明了摄影师和机器设备之间的关系。D项正确。
4.第二段第一句话:“Theseconflictingidealsarisefromafundamentaluneasinessonthepartofbothphotographersandviewersofphotographstowardtheaggressivecomponentintakingapicture.”。这两种对立的观念主要在于摄影师和旁观者在摄影时是否扮演着积极的角色。D项正确。
5.题干问的是“文章接下来将会讨论什么?”最后一句话为:Photographersandviewersofphotographs,itseems,needperiodicallytoresisttheirownknowingness(摄影师和旁观者似乎需要质疑自己对摄影的认知)。由此可推测,文章接下来将会继续讲解与拍照认知有关的内容。所以C项正确。
4.单选题
Itcannotbedeniedthattheexistingresourcesonearthwillbedepleted,butscientistsare()toconcedetheinevitabilityofthatday,realizingthatnewenergiescanbefoundinthenearfuture.
问题1选项
A.bound
B.unprepared
C.hesitant
D.likely
【答案】D
【解析】固定搭配。句意:毫无疑问,地球上存在的资源将会枯竭。但是科学家认为
在不久的将来会发现新的资源。bound有义务的;unprepared没有准备好的;hesitant有疑虑的;likely可能的。此处,belikelyto为固定搭配,意为“可能做某事”。故选D。
5.单选题
Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanother,whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnot.Conflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.
Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,butinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.
Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandproduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict.Itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis.
1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometerminorderto()
2.Accordingtotheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat().
3.Thephrase“functioninthedisserviceofoneanother”mostprobablymeans()
4.Theauthorindicatesinthepassagethatconflict().
5.Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion“()'
问题1选项
A.argueforthesimilaritiesbetweenanimalsocietiesandhumansocieties
B.smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocieties
C.distinguishbetweentwokindsofopposition
D.summarizethecharacteristicfeaturesofoppositionandcooperation
问题2选项
A.itresultsinwarinmostcases
B.itinduceseffortstoexpandterritory
C.itisakindofoppositionamongsocialentities
D.itisessentiallyastruggleforexistence
问题3选项
A.betrayeachother
B.harmoneanother
C.helptocollaboratewitheachother
D.benefitoneanother
问题4选项
A.isaninevitablestruggleresultingfromcompetition
B.reflectsthestruggleamongsocialanimals
C.isanoppositionamongindividualsocialentities
D.canbeavoided
问题5选项
A.Whyisthereconflictandcompetition?
B.Isconflictdesirable?
C.Iswarinevitable?
D.Cancompetitionleadtoconflict?
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:B
第4题:D
第5题:C
【解析】1.根据题干定位至第一段。作者给出一些两种对抗术语的定义是为了将两种对抗加以区分。C项正确。
2.题干问的是竞争对比冲突的不同在于什么。定位至第二段:Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict(许多作家根据动物世界为生存而进行的斗争中具有适者生存的规律这一点,认为战争是不可避免的。通常来讲,这种斗争从本质上来说是竞争,而不是冲突)。据此可知,竞争不同于冲突是因为竞争从本质上来说是为了生存。
3.根据题干定位至第一段:Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.(冲突和竞争都是对立的范畴,被定义为社会实体互相伤害的过程)。因此,该短语为互相伤害。
4.文章最后指出:Itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis(尽管竞争不可避免,却不能认为国家间类似于战争的冲突也是不可避免的)。据此可知,作者认为冲突是可以避免的,D项正确。
5.文章开篇点明主题:Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters(一个让世界上许多伟大的作家忧心的问题是:战争是否不可避免)。后文从各方面论述了“战争是否不可避免”这个问题。
6.单选题
Tocompensateforthesubstantialdeclineintheavailabilityoffossilfuelsinfutureyears,wewillhavetoprovideatleast()alternativeenergysource.
问题1选项
A.ananticipated
B.anofficial
C.anequivalent
D.aredundant
【答案】C
【解析】形容词辨析。句意:为了弥补未来几年中矿物燃料供应量的大幅度下降,我们不得不提供一种至少是()的替代能源。
anticipated预期的,期望的;official官方的,正式的,公务的;equivalent等价的,相等的;redundant多余的,过剩的。C选项“相等的”符合句意。
7.单选题
Thegovernmentwill()theeconomynextyearanddevelopthetraderelationswithothercountriesquickly.
问题1选项
A.abuse
B.amount
C.accumulate
D.accelerate
【答案】D
【解析】动词辨析。句意:明年,政府将()经济增长,并且快速同其他国家发展贸易关系。abuse滥用,虐待;amount总计,合计;accumulate积累,积聚;accelerate促进;(使)加快。因此,D项符合句意。
8.单选题
Theprofessorgave()instructionforcarryingouttheresearchproject.
问题1选项
A.explicit
B.formidable
C.afflictive
D.dominant
【答案】A
【解析】形容词辨析。句意:为了完成研究项目,教授给了简介。explicit详尽的,详述的;formidable可怕的,难以对付的;afflictive令人痛苦的,苦恼的;dominant支配的,显性的。因此,A项符合句意。
9.单选题
Hurricanesarekillerwinds,andtheir()powerliesinthephysicaldamagetheycando.
问题1选项
A.cumulative
B.destructive
C.turbulent
D.prevalent
【答案】B
【解析】形容词辨析。cumulative积累的;destructive破坏性的,毁灭性的;turbulent骚乱的,混乱的;prevalent普遍的。句意:飓风是具有杀伤力的风,其()力量在于其能够造成的物质损坏。因此,B选项符合句意。
10.单选题
Ifyou()thebottleandcigarettes,you’llbemuchhealthier.
问题1选项
A.takeoff
B.keepoff
C.getoff
D.setoff
【答案】B
【解析】短语辨析。句意:如果你酒瓶和烟,你会更健康。takeoff脱掉,起飞;keepoff挡住,禁食,不接近;getoff下车;setoff出发,(使)开始。因此,B项keepoff符合句意,在此表示“远离,戒掉,不接近”。
11.单选题
Thewoodwassorottenthat,whenwepulled,it()intofragments.
问题1选项
A.brokeaway
B.brokeoff
C.brokeup
D.brokethrough
【答案】C
【解析】短语辨析。句意:木头腐烂成那样了,我们拉它的时候,它就
片了。
brokeaway脱离,放弃,裂开;brokeoff折断,突然停止;brokeup分手,破碎;brokethrough突破。
后半句有一个“fragments(碎片)”,C项符合句意。虽然A项breakaway也可表示“弄碎”的意思,但后面一般不与“into(sth.)”连用。
12.单选题
Thecriticismfromthepublichas(
)thisnovel.
问题1选项
A.eclipsed
B.avenged
C.baffled
D.broadened
【答案】A
【解析】动词辨析。句意:公众的批评使这部小说黯然失色。故选A。
13.单选题
Itisdifficultto()thisgoalifyouworkhardcontinuously.
问题1选项
A.attributeto
B.audit
C.bare
D.attain
【答案】D
【解析】动词辨析。句意:即使你一直努力工作,也很难这个目标。attributeto归因于;audit稽查,审计;bare揭开;脱掉(衣服);attain获得,达到。因此,D项符合句意。
14.单选题
TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(an)()ofwordswhicharecomparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.
问题1选项
A.altitude
B.latitude
C.multitude
D.attitude
【答案】C
【解析】名词辨析。句意:英语中的单词,在曰常谈话中几乎用不到。altitude高度、海拔;latitude纬度;multitude多数;attitude态度。因此,C项符合句意。
15.单选题
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout“race”:howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yet,the(1)phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications.
Wejudgeraceusually(2)thecoloringoftheskin:awhiterace,abrownrace,ayellowraceandablackrace.But(3)youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot(4)anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged,Thereis(5)inphysicalstructture,thebrainortheinternalorgansto(6)adifference.
Therearefourtypesofblood.(7)typesarefoundineveryrace,andnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe(8)•Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswill(9)insize,butthisoc-curswithineveryrace.(10)doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain(11)examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak(12)Ontheotherhand,someofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad(13)brains.
Mentaltestswhicharereasonably(14)shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.(15)equaleducationaladvantages,therewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandings,ei-theronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace(16)civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofagroupofpeople(17)enablethemtobehaveina/an(18)way.
Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstances,buttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew(19)isbetterandhigherthananything(20)thepast
问题1选项
A.complete
B.full
C.total
D.whole
问题2选项
A.in
B.from
C.at
D.on
问题3选项
A.since
B.if
C.as
D.while
问题4选项
A.speak
B.talk
C.tell
D.mention
问题5选项
A.something
B.everything
C.nothing
D.anything
问题6选项
A.display
B.indicate
C.demonstrate
D.appear
问题7选项
A.All
B.Most
C.No
D.Some
问题8选项
A.same
B.identical
C.similar
D.alike
问题9选项
A.remain
B.increase
C.decrease
D.vary
问题10选项
A.Only
B.Or
C.Nor
D.So
问题11选项
A.ever
B.then
C.never
D.once
问题12选项
A.health
B.body
C.mind
D.thought
问题13选项
A.big
B.small
C.minor
D.major
问题14选项
A.true
B.exact
C.certain
D.accurate
问题15选项
A.Provided
B.Concerning
C.Given
D.Following
问题16选项
A.make
B.cause
C.move
D.turn
问题17选项
A.and
B.but
C.though
D.so
问题18选项
A.ordinary
B.peculiar
C.usual
D.common
问题19选项
A.that
B.what
C.whichever
D.whatever
问题20选项
A.for
B.to
C.within
D.in
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:C
第6题:B
第7题:A
第8题:A
第9题:D
第10题:C
第11题:A
第12题:C
第13题:B
第14题:D
第15题:C
第16题:B
第17题:A
第18题:B
第19题:A
第20题:D
【解析】1.考查上下文语义。空格所在句的前一句提到certainthings,因此whole(所有的;完整的)应放在空格处与之对应。
2.考查固定搭配。句意:我们通常根据皮肤的颜色来种族。judgefrom意为“根据……作出判断”,故B项符合句意。
3.考查逻辑关系词。句意:但是去除了皮肤,你就无法辨别一个人属于哪个种族。B项if在空格处引导条件句。
4.考查动词词义。句意:但是如果去除了皮肤,你就无法一个人属于哪个种族。tell意为“辨别”,故C项为正确答案。其他三项中,A选项speak讲,谈;B选项talk说,讨论;D选项mention提到,C选项tell符合句意。
5.考查上下文语义。句意:去除了皮肤就无法辨别一个人属于哪个种族,身体结构、大脑或内部器官方面也差异。C项nothing意为“没有什么”,故C项为正确答案。
6.考查动词词义。句意:身体结构、大脑或内部器官方面也没有差异。A选项display显示,陈列;B项indicate表明;指出;C选项demonstrate证明,显示;D选项appear出现,B项indicate符合句意。
7.考查上下文语义。句意:在每个种族中都可以找到血液类型,没有哪种血型是某个种族独有的。A选项All全部的;B选项Most大部分的;C选项No没有的;D选项Some一些,所以A选项All符合句意。
8.考查上下文语义。在每个种族中都可以找到所有的血液类型,没有哪种血型是某个种族独有的。因此推测空格处可能是说人脑也一样。thesame意为“一样,同上”,故A项为正确答案。
9.考查动词词义。句意:大脑的大小会。A选项remain留下,保持;B选项increase增加,增大;C选项decrease减少,减小;D选项vary变化,不同。因此D选项vary符合句意。
10.nor含否定意义,放在此空格处,句意为:大脑的大小和智力没有任何关系。而且后面主谓倒置(部分倒置),故C项为正确答案。
11.句意:检测出的最大的大脑来自一个智力差的人。ever意为“曾经,以前”,在空格处表示“有史以来”,故A项为正确答案。
12.考查名词词义。句意:有史以来检测出的最大的大脑来自一个差的人。A选项health健康;B选项body身体;C选项mind智力,头脑;D选项thought思想,C选项mind符合句意。
13.考查上下文语义。空格所在句的前面提到最大的大脑来自一个智力差的人,后面一句说Ontheotherhand,因此推测后面是说:另一方面,某些最杰出人士的大脑却很小。B选项small意为“小的”,故B项为正确答案。
14.考查形容词词义。句意:非常智力测验表明种族间的智力没有差异。A选项true真实的,正确的;B选项exact准确的;C选项certain某一,已确定的;D选项accurate精确的。D选项accurate符合句意。
15.句意:平等的教育条件,无论是哪个种族还是哪个地域的人,他们的平均排名没有差异。
A选项Provided如果;B选项Concerning关于;C选项Given如果有(机会等);D选项Following之后,因此C项符合句意。
16.考查动词词义。句意:每个种族的成员都会文明的倒退或进步。A选项make使产生,制造;B选项cause引起;C选项move移动;D选项turn使转动,因此B选项cause符合句意。
17.考查逻辑关系。空格所在句的句意为:培训和教育可以改变一群人的反应,使他们能够以一种特有的方式行事。前后两句为并列关系,故A项为正确答案。
18.考查形容词词义。句意:培训和教育可以改变一群人的反应,并且使他们能够以一种方式行事。A选项ordinary普通的;B选项peculiar异常的;特有的;C选项usual常见的;D选项common共有的,普通的,因此B选项peculiar符合句意。
19.考查定语从句。句意:他们总是可以重新开始或者继续尝试比以往更好的新事物。That在空格处引导定语从句,修饰先行词something,故A项为正确答案。
20.考查介词。句意:继续尝试比更好的新事物。D选项inthepast意为“在过去;以往”,符合句意。
16.单选题
Thereare()differencesbetweentheoryandpractice.
问题1选项
A.legible
B.laden
C.radical
D.medieval
【答案】C
【解析】形容词辨析。句意:理论和实践之间有根本的区别。故选C。
17.单选题
Theytossedyourthoughtsbackandforthforoveranhour,butstillcouldnotmake()ofthem.
问题1选项
A.impression
B.comprehension
C.meaning
D.sense
【答案】D
【解析】固定搭配。句意:他们反复考虑了你的观点长达一个多小时,但是仍然不能()它们。impression印象;comprehension理解;meaning意思;sense感觉;观念;道理;理智。makesenseof为固定搭配,意为“理解”。
18.单选题
Whiletyping,Kathyhadahabitofstopping()ogiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.
问题1选项
A.promptly
B.simultaneously
C.eventually
D.occasionally
【答案】D
【解析】副词辨析。句意:在打字的时候,凯西停下来梳理一下她柔顺的长发的习惯。promptly敏捷地,迅速地;simultaneously同时地;eventually最终,最后;occasionally偶尔。因此,D项符合句意。
19.单选题
Whichissafer—stayinghome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingintheoffice?Surprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow.However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,thefor-meris65timesriskierthanthelatter!Infact,theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome.
Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.For-tunately,theyareextremelyrare.ThemostfamousoneshappenedatTexasCity(1947),Flixborough(1974),Seveso(1976),Pemex(1984)andBhopal(1984).
Someofthesearealwaysinthemindsofthepeopleeventhoughthelossoflifewassmall.NoonediedatSeveso,andonly28workersatFlixborough.TheworstaccidentofallwasBhopal,whereupto3,000werekilled.TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.ThePemexfireatastorageplantfornaturalgasinthesuburbsofMexicoCitytook542lives,justamonthbeforetheunfortunateeventatBhopal.
Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateapar-ticulardanger.ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate(硝酸铵),whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialre-pairs.TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Thefiresetoffachainreactionofexplodingstoragetanks.Yet,byamiracle,thetwolargesttanksdidnotexplode.Hadtheycaughtfire,then3,000strongrescueteamandfirefighterswouldallhavedied.
1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
2.Chemicalaccidentsareusuallyimportantenoughtobereportedasnewsbecause
3.Accordingtothepassage,thechemicalaccidentthatcausedbythefaultofmanage-menthappenedat()
4.Fromthepassageweknowthatammoniumnitrateisakindof().
5.Fromthediscussionamongsomeexperts,wemayconcludethat().
问题1选项
A.Workingattheofficeissaferthanstayingathome.
B.Travellingtoworkonpublictransportissaferthanworkingattheoffice.
C.Stayingathomeissaferthanworkinginthechemicalindustry.
D.Workinginthechemicalindustryissaferthantravelingbyair.
问题2选项
A.theyareveryrare
B.theyoftencauselossoflife
C.theyalwaysoccurinbigcities
D.theyarousetheinterestofallthereaders
问题3选项
A.Texascity
B.Flixborough
C.Seveso
D.MexicoCity
问题4选项
A.naturalgas,whichcaneasilycatchfire
B.fertilizer,whichcan’tbestoredinagreatquantity
C.poisonoussubstance,whichcan’tbeusedinovercrowdedareas
D.fuel,whichisstoredinlargetanks
问题5选项
A.toavoidanyaccidentsweshouldnotrepairthefacilitiesinchemicalindustry
B.thelocalauthoritiesshouldnotbeconcernedwiththeproductionofthechemicalindustry
C.alltheseaccidentscouldhavebeenavoidedorcontrolledifeffectivemeasureshadbeentaken
D.naturalgasstoredinverylargetanksisalwayssafe
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:B
第5题:C
【解析】1.文章第一段指出:However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemical
industry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!(飞行的风险对比化工厂工作怎么样?不幸的是,前者风险是后者的65倍)。由此推断D选项“化工厂工作比飞行更安全”为正确答案。
2.根据题干关键词“Chemicalaccidents”定位到文中第二段的“Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.”可知,化工事故经常导致死亡,这是这类事故特别具有报道价值的原因。据此可知,B项正确。
3.根据关键词“faultofmanagement”定位至第四段:TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement(Flixborough的火球是因错误的管理造成的)。据此可知,B项为正确答案。
4.根据题干关键词“ammoniumnitrate”定位至第四段:ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate(硝酸铵),whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity(得克萨斯城的爆炸是由数吨硝酸铵引起的,这种化学物质大量存储就会发生危险)。因此,B项正确。
5.第四段的表明:safeunlessstoredingreatquantity,thefaultofmanagement,lackknowledgeofthedanger和localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction(大量存储的危险、错误的管理、危险知识的缺乏、当地领导者没有采取有效行动)都是造成化工厂事故的原因。由此推测,从专家的讨论得出的结论是,如果采取有效的措施,所有这些事故都是可以避免或控制的,C项为正确答案。
20.单选题
Mrs.Greenreceivedan()letterthreateningtoexposeherprivatelifeifsherefusedtopay$10,000.
问题1选项
A.anonymous
B.apparent
C.arbitrary
D.artificial
【答案】A
【解析】形容词辨析。句意:格林太太收到了一封匿名信,威胁说如果她拒绝支付10000美元,就要揭露她的私生活。因此选A。
21.单选题
Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,menofallsocialclassesinBritainvisitpubsquiteregularly,(1)thekindofpubtheygotomaybedifferentandtheirreasonsforgoingthere(2)too.Nowadaystheyoftentaketheirwivesorgirl-friends,which(3)tobethecase.ThefactisthatthetypicalEnglishpubischanging,partly(4)thelicensinglawsnotbeingsostrictasthey(5),butalsobecausepublicansaretryingto(6)awaywiththeoldVictorian(7)ofthepuband(8)providecoupleswithanatmospherewheretheycanbothenjoythemselves.Pubusednottoopen(9)atcertaintimes.Theresultwasthattheywereusually(10)withmenwhoseemedtobedrinkingasmuchaspossibleinthetime(11)Butthatkindofpubisrapidlybecomingathingofthepast.
Curiouslyenough,theoldBritishlicensinglaws,whichforeignersfoundsoobjectionableandab-surd,were(12)introducedasa(13)measuretostopworkersdrinkingintheFirstWorldWar.(14),thestrongPuritanical(15)inParliamenttook(16)o£thelawand(17)it.
Openinghoursare(18)limitedtoeighthoursaday,butthepublicancannowchoosewhichhours(19)himbest.Andthesedaysyoucanevengetacupofcoffeeifyouprefer(20)beer.ButinspiteofthisthePuritanswouldneverdreamofadmittingthatapubcouldbecomearepeatableplace.
问题1选项
A.and
B.though
C.when
D.as
问题2选项
A.disagree
B.diverge
C.vary
D.deviate
问题3选项
A.usednot
B.notused
C.used
D.isused
问题4选项
A.because
B.becauseof
C.for
D.inthat
问题5选项
A.were
B.are
C.used
D.hadbeen
问题6选项
A.take
B.do
C.keep
D.go
问题7选项
A.sight
B.image
C.appearance
D.perception
问题8选项
A.then
B.instead
C.further
D.still
问题9选项
A.except
B.exceptfor
C.only
D.onlyfor
问题10选项
A.covered
B.crowded
C.full
D.plenty
问题11选项
A.available
B.proper
C.probable
D.accessible
问题12选项
A.ordinarily
B.generally
C.originally
D.formerly
问题13选项
A.perpetual
B.temporary
C.uniform
D.temperate
问题14选项
A.Nevertheless
B.However
C.Afterwards
D.Furthermore
问题15选项
A.factor
B.element
C.component
D.atom
问题16选项
A.advantage
B.profit
C.use
D.charge
问题17选项
A.retained
B.contained
C.maintained
D.protected
问题18选项
A.even
B.just
C.but
D.still
问题19选项
A.suit
B.match
C.meet
D.agree
问题20选项
A.against
B.for
C.with
D.to
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:B
第5题:A
第6题:B
第7题:B
第8题:B
第9题:A
第10题:B
第11题:A
第12题:C
第13题:B
第14题:C
第15题:B
第16题:A
第17题:A
第18题:D
第19题:A
第20题:D
【解析】1.逻辑推理。句意:据英国政府统计,所有社会阶级的人都会频繁光顾酒吧,他们选择的酒吧
类型可能不同。空格前后句子为让步关系。故B项正确。
2.词义辨析。句意:尽管他们选择的酒吧类型可能不同,去的理由也。disagree不同意;diverge偏离;vary不同;deviate脱离,出轨。And为并列连词,因此,空格处应表达跟different相似的含义。故选C。
3.语法分析。句子想表达的是:与以往情况不同,他们现在经常带着他们的妻子和女朋友去酒吧。因此,空格处应为否定,排除C,D项。
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