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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京体育大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

The(

)ofaculturalphenomenonisusuallyalogicalconsequenceofsomephysicalaspectinthelifestyleofthepeople.

问题1选项

A.manifestation

B.implementation

C.expedition

D.demonstration

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。manifestation表现,显示;implementation实现,履行;expedition远征;demonstration示范,证明。句意:文化现象的

通常是人们生活习惯中某些物质方面的逻辑结果。选项A更符合语境,所以正确。

2.单选题

Whydoescreamgobadfasterthanbutter?Someresearchersthinktheyhavetheanswer,anditcomesdowntothestructureofthefood,notitschemicalcomposition—afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.

Creamandbuttercontainprettymuchthesamesubstances,sowhycreamshouldsourmuchfasterhasbeenamystery.Bothareemulsions—tinyglobules(小球体)ofoneliquidevenlydistributedthroughoutanother.Thedifferenceliesinwhat’sintheglobulesandwhat’sinthesurroundingliquid,saysBrocklehurst,wholedtheinvestigation.

Incream,fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter,globulesofawaterysolutionarelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthewateryregionsofthemixture.“Thismeansthatincream,thebacteriaarefreetogrowthroughoutthemixture.”Hesays.

Whenthesituationisreversed,thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartmentsburieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway,individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidlyrunoutofnutrients.Theyalsoslowlypoisonthemselveswiththeirwasteproducts.“Inbutter,yougetaself-limitingsystemwhichstopsthehoteliergrowing.”SaysBrocklehurst.

Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbemaderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood’sstructure.Brocklehurstbelievesitwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream,forinstance,morelikethatinbutter.Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.

1.ThesignificanceofBrocklehurst’sresearchisthat(

).

2.Accordingtotheresearchers,creamsoursfasterthanbutterbecausebacteria

).

3.AccordingtoBrocklehurst,wecankeepcreamfreshby

).

4.Theword‘‘colonies’’refersto

).

5.Commercialapplicationoftheresearchfindingwillbepossibleifsaladcreamcanbemaderesistanttobacterialattack(

).

问题1选项

A.itsuggestedawaytokeepsomefoodsfreshwithoutpreservatives

B.itdiscoveredtinyglobulesinbothcreamandbutter.

C.itrevealedthesecretofhowbacteriamultiplyincreamandbutter.

D.itfoundthatcreamandbuttersharethesamechemicalcomposition

问题2选项

A.aremoreevenlydistributedincream

B.multiplymoreeasilyincreamthaninbutter

C.liveonlessfatincreamthaninbutter

D.producelesswasteincreamthaninbutter

问题3选项

A.removingitsfat

B.killingthebacteria

C.reducingitswatercontent

D.alteringitsstructure

问题4选项

A.tinyglobules

B.bacteriacommunities

C.wateryregions

D.littlecompartment

问题5选项

A.byvaryingitschemicalcomposition

B.byturningitintoasolidhump

C.whilekeepingitsstructureunchanged

D.whileretainingitsliquidform

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段,“Brocklehurst,wholedtheinvestigation.”,可知对于为什么奶油比黄油坏的问题的研究是由Brocklehurst主导的。又根据文章第一段,“afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.”,可知对这一问题研究的结果和发现,有助于帮助去除一些加工食品中的化学防腐剂。可判断出Brocklehurst的研究的意义在于提供了一种可以不使用防腐剂而使某些食品保持新鲜的方法。因此选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段,“Incream,fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter,globulesofawaterysolutionarelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthewateryregionsofthemixture.”,可知在奶油中,脂肪球在水中漂浮。在黄油中,水样溶液的小球被锁在脂肪中。而使食物变坏的细菌更喜欢生活在混合物的含水区域。可判断出在奶油中,细菌更容易在这种混合物中生存繁殖,所以奶油会更快变质。因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段,“Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbemaderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood’sstructure.”,可知研究人员已经在与食品公司合作,希望能通过改变食物的结构使其具有抵抗细菌攻击的能力。可判断出研究者Brocklehurst表示,我们可以通过改变食物的结构来使奶油保险,抵抗细菌入侵。因此选项D符合题意。

4.词义理解题。根据文章第四段,“Whenthesituationisreversed,thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartmentsburieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway,individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidlyrunoutofnutrients.”,可知当情况发生逆转时,细菌被锁在深埋在脂肪海洋中的隔间里。根据trappedinthisway可判断出,此句是对上一句情况的继续描述,所以非谓语动词的逻辑主语仍然不会改变,这里的colonies和上文的bacteria是同一事物,都为主语。可判断出colonies也是指细菌。因此选项B符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段,“Brocklehurstbelievesitwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream,forinstance,morelikethatinbutter.Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.”,可知Brocklehurst认为将有可能制造出用于沙拉酱中的乳剂,就像用于黄油的乳剂一样。关键是在保持沙拉酱液体的状态,而不是变成固体块。可判断出如果能使沙拉酱在保持液态的状态下能同时抵抗细菌的侵袭,那么这项研究成果将有可能用于商业用途,所以关键在于是要保持液体状态。因此选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Wepreferthattheplan(

)beforebeingputintoexecution.

问题1选项

A.befullydiscussed

B.mustbefullydiscussed

C.willbefullydiscussed

D.isfullydiscussed

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。prefer后面接that引导的宾语从句时,谓语动词用should+动词原形,其中should可省略。所以选项A为省略了should的正确答案。

4.单选题

Robotshavefreedthemanfrommuchboringwork;(

)theyprotectmanfrombeingharmedbysomedangerouswork.

问题1选项

A.thus

B.so

C.however

D.moreover

【答案】D

【解析】副词词义辨析。thus“因此”;so“所以”;however“然而”;moreover“而且,此外”。根据句子意思,可判断出前后两句存在递进关系,所以选用moreover表递进。句意:机器人不仅可以使人类从无聊的工作中解脱出来,而且能够保护人们免遭一些危险工作的伤害。因此选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Itwasclearthatthesmallgrocerwas(

)peopleheowedmoneyto.

问题1选项

A.attheexpenseof

B.attheriskof

C.inthewayof

D.atthemercyof

【答案】D

【解析】词组辨析。attheexpenseof“以……为代价”;attheriskof“冒着……的危险”;inthewayof“妨碍,关于……的方面”;atthemercyof“受……支配”。句意:很明显,这个小杂货商受他债主的支配。因此选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Newspapersinthe1920sandthe1930sofferedtheirreadersgiftstoincreasetheir(

).

问题1选项

A.circulation

B.contribution

C.regulation

D.advocation

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析题。A选项circulation“(报刊)发行量,销售量”;B选项contribution“捐资,贡献”;C选项regulation“规则,管理”;D选项advocation“拥护,支持”。根据空格前“offeredtheirreadersgifts为读者提供礼物”可知‘报纸行业是通过増加发行量为读者提供礼物’A选项正确。

7.单选题

Thereisnoelectricityagain.A(

)hasblown,causingthelightstofail.

问题1选项

A.fuse

B.wire

C.plug

D.circuit

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。fuse“保险丝,熔线”;wire“金属丝”;plug“插头”;circuit“电路”。句意:又停电了。保险丝坏了,导致停电了。因此选项A符合题意

8.单选题

W:Whatseemstobetheproblem?

M:Well,Iunderstandthelectures,butIgetmixedupwhenItrytoreadthebook.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

问题1选项

A.Hedoesn’treallyunderstandthelectures.

B.Thebookisconfusing.

C.Thelectureisnotveryclear.

D.Thebookistoodifficultforhim.

【答案】B

【解析】根据男士的话“讲课的内容我都理解了,但读书的时候发现又混乱了”可知B选项‘这本书令人困惑。’正确。

9.单选题

InAmericanuniversities,classesareoftenarrangedinmoreflexible(

)andmanyjobsoncampusarereservedforstudents.

问题1选项

A.scales

B.ranks

C.grades

D.patterns

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。scale规模,比例;rank等级;grade级别,阶段;pattern模式。句意:在美国大学,班级安排通常是灵活的模式,并且校园里有很多工作都是为学生准备的。选项D符合句意。

10.单选题

Thenewcomersfounditimpossibleto(

)themselvestotheclimatesufficientlytomakepermanenthomesinthenewcountry.

问题1选项

A.suit

B.adapt

C.regulate

D.coordinate

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配adaptoneselfto“使自己适应于……”,suitto“合适于,相称”;没有搭配regulateto和coordinateto,可排除C和D选项。句意:新来的人发现他们不可能使自己充分适应新国家的气候,而永久定居。因此选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggested(

)atthenexttown.

问题1选项

A.tostop

B.stopping

C.stop

D.havingstopped

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配题。suggestdoingsth.为固定用法,表示“建议做某事”,B选项正确。

12.单选题

Tosavemoneyformyeducation,motheroftentookonmoreworkthan(

)forher.

问题1选项

A.itwasgood

B.whatwasgood

C.wasgood

D.beinggood

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词性从句,than后面接名词或者名词性从句,只有B项符合。

13.单选题

Itwas(

)wehadhoped.

问题1选项

A.moreasuccessthan

B.asuccessmorethan

C.muchofasuccessas

D.asuccessasmuchas

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配morethan“超过……”,可排除选项C和D。又因为wehadhoped是一个完整的句子,所以用morethan+句子,表示“超过……”。句意:这是一次超过预期的成功。因此选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything(

)goingonintheworld.

问题1选项

A.itis

B.asis

C.thereis

D.whatis

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构,可知“……goingonintheworld”为定语从句修饰先行词everything,且关系代词that可省,所以选用therebe句型,表示“世界上正在发生的”。句意:没有人有时间去读或去听关于这个世界正在发生的所有事情

15.单选题

Oncethequestionisput,weknow(

)trytoobtaintheanswer.

问题1选项

A.toproceedindirectionto

B.wheredirectionproceedto

C.inwhichdirectiontoproceedto

D.whichdirectionproceedtoward

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法结构。分析句子结构可知,know后面的成分为它的宾语,填空处缺少的是方式状语。选项A不定式做主语或目的状语;选项B中where引导地点状语;选项D缺少先行词。所以只有选项C正确。

16.单选题

Inmyopinion,youcanwidenthe(

)oftheseimprovementsthroughyouractiveparticipation.

问题1选项

A.dimension

B.volume

C.magnitude

D.scope

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。dimension尺寸;volume体积;magnitude大小;scope范围。句意:在我看来,你可以通过积极参与来扩大这些改进的范围。选项D更符合语境。

17.单选题

TheroleofthepartysysteminAmericanpoliticshasalwaysbeen(

).

问题1选项

A.aunityinsteadofdividing

B.unifyinginsteadofadivision

C.nottodividebuttounite

D.notdividingbutaunion

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。根据固定句型not…but…“不是……而是…..”,可排除A和B选项。且前后结构需要保持一致,句意:政党制度在美国政治中所起的作用一直是团结而不是分裂。因此选项C符合题意。

18.单选题

Itiswellknownthatwhenanindividualjoinsagrouphetendstoacceptthegroup’sstandardsofbehaviorandthinking.Heisexpectedtobehaveinaccordancewiththesenormsinotherwords,thegroupexpectshimtoconform.Manyillustrationscouldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylife,butwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.

Inatypicalexperiment,theexperimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupthatisinvestigatingvisualperception.Thevictimsarenot,therefore,awareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecollaboratingwiththeexperimenter.Thegroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasingleline.Theyarethenaskedtolookatasecondcard.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard,oneisshorterandonethesamelength.Theyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcard.Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.Thevolunteerseesthattheothermembersofthegroupunanimouslychoosealinewhichisobviouslynotthesamelengthastheoneonthestandardcard.

Whenitishisturntoanswerheisfacedwiththeunanimousopinionofthegroup—alltheothershavechosenlineAbuthequiteclearlyseeslineBascorrect.Whatwillhedo?AccordingtoAsch,morethanhalfofthevictimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthat,wheninterviewedabouttheiranswers,mostexplainedthattheyknewthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheyyieldedtothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion.

1.Psychologistsareinterestedin(

).

2.Intheexperiment,whohavebeentoldtopickthewrongline?

3.Inwhatcircumstancesdomostpeopleyieldtopressure?

4.Theexperimentsdemonstratethat(

).

5.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe(

).

问题1选项

A.howfargrouppressurecaninfluencepeople’sjudgments

B.howtomakejudgmentsaccordingtoeverydayexperience

C.howtochangepeople’sjudgments

D.thegroup’sstandardsofsocialbehavior

问题2选项

A.Thevictims.

B.Thevolunteer.

C.Theexperimenter.

D.Theothermembers.

问题3选项

A.Whenthegroupisseparated.

B.Whenthegroupisunanimous.

C.Whentheyknowtheyarethevictims.

D.Whentheyareforcedtoanswerquestions.

问题4选项

A.nearlyeveryindividualwillbehavedifferentlyfromothers

B.grouppressureiscausedbytheinterferenceofthepsychologists.

C.psychologistswishtochangethepeople’sjudgmentsandopinions.

D.peoplewillchangetheirideasundergrouppressure.

问题5选项

A.ATypicalExperiment

B.AreWeAfraidtobeDifferent

C.TheGroup’sStandardsofBehaviorandThinking

D.DoseanIndividualNeedtoFollowaGroup’sStandards

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“whatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”心理学家特别感兴趣的是,团体的压力究竟会在多大程度上改变人们的判断和观点。选项A符合原文。

2.事实细节题。根据关键词“wrongline”定位到第二段倒数第二句“Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.”小组的其他成员先回答,但志愿者不知道的是,他们被告知要选错一条线。这里的“they”指的是上句提到的“Theothermembersofthegroup”,所以选项D正确。

3.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知,这个实验中超过一半的被选中的受害者会改变他们的观点。大多数人解释说,他们知道小组的选择是错误的,但他们最终屈服于小组的压力,因为小组的选择是全体一致的。所以选项B正确。

4.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知,这个实验实际上是想证明第一段提出的观点“theextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”团体的压力究竟会在多大程度上改变人们的判断和观点。最后得出结论,大多数会在团体压力下改变他们的想法。所以选项D符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。文章在第一段提出观点“当一个人加入一个群体时,他往往会接受这个群体的行为和思维标准”,后面通过实验来证明这个观点。选项A和C表述太笼统,相对于选项D,选项B“我们害怕与众不同吗?”这个标题更好。

19.单选题

W:Wouldyoulikemetogetyousometea?

M:Notnow,thanks.Maybelater.

Q:Whatdoesthemanwant?

问题1选项

A.Todrinkteainawhile.

B.Toprepareteahimself.

C.Togetthewomansometealater.

D.Todrinksomethingelse.

【答案】A

【解析】根据男士的回答“Notnow,thanks.Maybelater.现在不用,谢谢。可能一会儿会需要。”可知A选项‘一会儿再喝’正确。

20.单选题

Theearlypioneershadto(

)manyhardshipstosettleonthenewland.

问题1选项

A.goalongwith

B.gobackon

C.gothrough

D.gointo

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析题。A选项goalongwith“赞同,陪同前往,附合”;B选项gobackon“违背,背弃”;C选项gothrough“经历,通过,经受”;D选项gointo“进入,研究”。根据句意“为了在新大陆中定居,早期的拓荒者们需要……重重苦难”,C选项“经历”正确。

21.单选题

Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersonto(

)healthy.

问题1选项

A.preserve

B.stay

C.maintain

D.reserve

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。preserve“保护,保存”;stay“保持”,可作系动词后接形容词作表语;maintain“维持”;reserve“预订,储备”。句意:专家说散步是保持健康的最好方法之一。因此选项B符合题意。

22.单选题

Hewasaccompaniedbyhisfaithfulfriendandsecretary,Mr.WilliamMinns,(

).

问题1选项

A.withoutwhomhenevertravelled

B.withoutwhohenevertravelled

C.withouthimhenevertravelled

D.henevertravelledwithouthim

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构和选项,可知空格中填入非限制性定语从句,可由介词without+关系代词引导,who和him不能用作关系代词引导定语从句,选项B和C可排除。句意:他忠实的朋友兼秘书威廉•明斯先生,没有他经常陪同着他,每次旅游都会和他一起。因此选项A符合题意。

23.单选题

Tomakethebestandthemostefficientuseofyourtimeandtoachieveyourgoals,starteachdayby(

)youragenda.

问题1选项

A.holdingon

B.makingout

C.keepingon

D.takingdown

【答案】D

【解析】词组辨析题。holdon等一下,继续;makeout理解,辨认出,设法应付;keepon继续;takedown记下。句意:为了最大限度、最有效地利用你的时间并实现你的目标,你需要开始每天记录你的日程。选项D符合句意。

24.单选题

Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshis(

)orsocialposition.

问题1选项

A.curiosity

B.status

C.determination

D.significance

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析题。A选项curiosity“好奇心,求知欲”;B选项status“地位,身份”;C选项determination“决心,果断,坚定”;D选项significance“(尤指对将来有影响的)重要性,意义”。根据表示并列的连词or和后面的名词“socialposition社会地位”确定B选项正确。

25.单选题

Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo(

)bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.

问题1选项

A.unrecorded

B.tobeunrecorded

C.unrecording

D.tohavebeenunrecorded

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配题。根据句意‘这些调查表明许多犯罪…,主要因为不是所有的受害者都会举报。’确定空格处填的意思是否定含义‘没有被记录’,动词go与否定式的过去分词连用,表示某动作未发生,A选项正确。

26.单选题

AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,courteous,andhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Small-mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.

Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversion,andbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.

Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn’ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhim,therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthesamesituation.

Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationsthatspecializedinhelpingthewearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,andprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner—amazing.SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.

Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,ofcourse,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailtotranslateculturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,whenanAmericanusesthewordfriend,theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor’slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.

1.Theword“observation”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans(

).

2.Peopleinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertaintravelersbecausethesestrangerswould

).

3.Nowadaysthetraditionoffriendlinesstostrangers

).

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Fromthelastparagraphofthepassagewehavelearnedthat(

).

问题1选项

A.attention.

B.watchfulness.

C.survey.

D.opinion.

问题2选项

A.bringgoodnewsfromoutsideworld.

B.helplocalssolvetheirproblems.

C.bringachangetothelifeinthesettlements.

D.requiresadifferentdefinition.

问题3选项

A.isstillprevailing.

B.canrarelybeseen

C.iswadingfast

D.requiresadifferentdefinition

问题4选项

A.Peoplearestillfondoftravelingtoremoteplaces.

B.Foreigntravelersnowkeepawayfrombusytouristtrails.

C.Thereisnocharitableorganizationinsmallcities.

D.ForeignvisitorstotheUShavetroubleunderstandingAmerican’sfriendliness.

问题5选项

A.theabilityofspeakingaforeignlanguageimpliesabetterunderstandingofitsculture

B.variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriends

C.cultureexercisesagreatinfluenceonsocialinterrelationships

D.courteousconventionandindividualinterestarecloselyinterrelated

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.词义题。根据第一段的内容可知,“observation”指的是上文所提及的认为大多数美国人和加拿大人友好,礼貌和乐于助人的观点。所以选项D正确。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知,边境地区人们的生活通常是单调乏味的,所以他们喜欢招待旅行者或陌生人,因为这些陌生人和旅行者不仅带来了消遣,还带来了外部世界的消息。也就是说,给他们的生活带来了些许改变,所以选项C正确。选项A表述太片面;选项B和D在文中没有提及。

3.事实细节题。根据第四段第二句“Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS...”招待陌生人的古老传统在美国仍然非常盛行。选项A符合原文。

4.事实细节题。根据第四段倒数第二句“SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.”到美国旅游的人持有这样的观点并不罕见,但并不总是能够正确的理解。也就是说,到美国来旅游的游客很难理解美国人的友好。选项D与原文表述一致,所以正确。

5.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知,第一句为本段的主旨句“Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.”正如任何发达社会一样,在美国,一系列复杂的文化特征,信念和习俗构成了所有社会关系的基础。也就是说,文化对社会关系有很大的影响。选项C符合原文。

27.问答题

Increasingthetaxonhouseholdgoodsisboundtocausetrouble.(It’sasking)

【答案】It’saskingfortroubletoincreasethetaxonhouseholdgoods.

28.单选题

Duringtheopera’smostfamousaria,thetempochosenbytheorchestra’sconductorseemed(

),withoutnecessaryrelationtowhathadgonebefore.

问题1选项

A.tedious

B.melodious

C.capricious

D.moderation

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。tedious沉闷的,冗长乏味的;melodious旋律优美的;capricious反复无常的,任性的;moderation适度,节制。句意:在歌剧最著名的咏叹调中,管弦乐队指挥所选择的节奏似乎有些随意,与之前的情况没有必要的联系。选项C更符合语境。

29.单选题

Whenthedropswereplacedinthepatient’seyes,hispupilsbecame(

).

问题1选项

A.dilated

B.smaller

C.irritated

D.sensible

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。dilated扩大的,膨胀的;smaller较小的;irritated恼怒的,生气的;sensible明智的。句意:当滴剂滴入患者的眼睛时,他的瞳孔放大了。选项A符合句意。

30.单选题

IthinkIwasatschool,(

)IwasstayingwithafriendduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.

问题1选项

A.orelse

B.andthen

C.orso

D.evenso

【答案】A

【解析】词组辨析题。A选项;B选项andthen“于是,然后”;C选项orso“大约”;D选项evenso“虽然如此,即使如此”。根据句意‘当听到这个消息时,我应该是在学校,……在和朋友度假。’应该是表示选择,所以A选项orelse“否则,要不然”符合逻辑,正确。

31.单选题

Whenaspaceshuttlehasaccomplishedits(

),itcanbereadyforanothertripinabouttwoweeks.

问题1选项

A.venture

B.mission

C.commission

D.responsibility

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。venture“冒险旅行”,mission“使命,任务”;commission“委员会,佣金”;responsibility“责任”。句意:当航天飞机完成了它的任务,它可以在大约两周后准备另一次飞行。因此选项B符合题意。

32.单选题

Happy()theywere,therewassomethingmissing.

问题1选项

A.though

B.which

C.as

D.since

【答案】C

【解析】though虽然;which哪个;as像,如;尽管;虽然;since自从。句意:尽管他们是快乐的,但总缺少些什么。句子之间有一个转折关系,though一般放在句子句首,as表示让步时,采用倒装句式,表语一般放在从句之首,故C选项正确。

33.单选题

Histimeatuniversitywasthemost(

)periodofherlife.

问题1选项

A.eventual

B.enduring

C.eventually

D.eventful

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。eventual“最后的,最终的”;enduring“持久的,能忍受的”;eventually“最后,终于,副词”;eventful“多事的,重大的”。根据句子结构,可知空格中填入形容词修饰period,选项C可排除。句意:他的大学时光是一生中最重要的时光。因此选项D符合题意。

34.单选题

ParliamentaryleadersfailedtounderstandtheAmericancolonist.TheythoughttheAmericanwouldbuythecheap,legalEastIndiaCompanytearatherthanthemoreexpensivesmuggledteafromHolland.

InSeptember,1773,theEastIndiaCompanyPlannedtoship500,000poundsofteatotheirAmericanagentsinportsalongtheAtlanticcoast.WhenthecolonistslearnedabouttheEastIndiaCompany’splan,localteamerchantsinAmericanportsfromSouthCarolinatoMainetookstepstomeetthisattempttodrivethemoutofbusiness.TheBoltonTeaPartywasthemostviolentofthesesteps.Followingthisactofrebellion,GovernorHutchinsoncalledit“theboldeststrokewhichhadbeenstruckinAmerica.”

Parliamentrespondedtothisactofdefiancein1774bypassingaseriesofactsknownastheCoerciveActs.TheyweredesignedtopunishBostonandtoshowcoloniststhroughoutAmericathatEnglandwouldnottoleratesuchresistancetoitsauthority.

1.Accordingtothepassage,parliamentaryleaders(

).

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat

).

3.WhatwastheCoerciveActs?

4.WhatdidtheAmericansdowhentheEastIndiaCompanyplannedtoshipthousandsofpoundsofteatoAmerica?

5.Theword“smuggled”mostlikelymeans(

).

问题1选项

A.importedteafromSouthCarolina

B.weregreatteadrinkers

C.misjudgedtheAmericancolonist

D.fearedthattheywouldhavetobuycheaptea

问题2选项

A.theAmericanswantedtobuyteafromHolland

B.teainHollandwascheaperthanthatinEngland

C.thecrowdwasgrowingmorepatient

D.theAmericansagreedtotheimpositionofthetax

问题3选项

A.TheyweredesignedtohelppaythecostofprotectingthecoloniesfromtheIndians.

B.TheyweretopermittheEastIndiaCompanytoshipteadirectlytoAmericanports

C.Theywereaseriesofactsknownasthetaxontea

D.TheyweredesignedtoshowAmericansthatEnglandwouldnotbepatientwiththeirresistance

问题4选项

A.Theytriedtodrivethemoutofbusiness

B.TheymedtowelcometheteamerchantsfromtheEastIndiaCompany

C.Theywaitedforthemeetingtodiscussthetaxontea.

D.Theytriedtoacceptportdutiesonimports.

问题5选项

A.togetridof

B.tomakeunabletogetair

C.oortakesth.outofacountrywithoutpaymentoflegalduties

D.tobreakintopiecewithviolenceandnoise

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段,“ParliamentaryleadersfailedtounderstandtheAmericancolonist.”,可知议会领导人未能了解美国殖民者。下文就用具体事例说明,他们误以为这些北美殖民者们会购买东印度公司更加便宜的茶叶。可判断出议会的领导人错误地判断了美国殖民者的意图和行为。因此选项C符合题意。

2.判断推理题。根据文章第一段第二句,“TheythoughttheAmericanwouldbuythecheap,legalEastIndiaCompanytearatherthanthemoreexpensivesmuggledteafromHolland.”,可知他们认为美国人会买便宜合法的东印度公司的茶叶,而不是购买从荷兰走私来的更贵的茶叶。可判断出美国人更愿意从荷兰购买茶叶。因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段,“TheyweredesignedtopunishBostonandtoshowcoloniststhroughoutAmericathatEnglandwouldnottoleratesuchresistancetoitsauthority.”,可知他们制定这一系列强制性法案的目的是惩罚波士顿,并向美洲各地的殖民者表明,英国不会容忍这种对其权威的反抗。可判断出制定此法案的目的实际上是向美国人表明,英国不会容忍他们的反抗。因此选项D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第二段,“WhenthecolonistslearnedabouttheEastIndiaCompany’splan,localteamerchantsinAmericanportsfromSouthCarolinatoMainetookstepstomeetthisattempttodrivethemoutofbusiness.”,可知当殖民者得知东印度公司的计划时,从南卡罗来纳到缅因州的美国港口的当地茶叶商人采取一系列措施使他们破产。可判断出当东印度公司计划向美国运送数千磅茶叶时,美国人企图采取措施让他们破产。因此选项A符合题意。

5.词义理解题。根据文章第一段第二句,“…legalEastIndiaCompanytearatherthanthemoreexpensivesmuggledteafromHolland.”,可知美国人购买从荷兰走私的更贵的茶叶,而不是合法的东印度公司的茶叶,句子中legal和smuggled形成对比,可知smuggled的意思为“走私的”,可将smuggle解释为将某物输入或输出一个国家而不需要支付合法税款。因此选项C符合题意。

35.单选题

ArecurringcriticismoftheUK’suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnewknowledgeintonewproductsandservices.

Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersinsterncellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.Weshouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeysinthenationalinnovationsystem.

However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercializationactivity.

Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK’spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldate,askstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewperf

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