2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号10

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Someeconomistsfretthatsharepricesaremovingfar______companiesearnings,toadegreescantyreminiscentofJapaninthelate1980sjustbeforeitscrash.

问题1选项

A.aheadof

B.backof

C.independentof

D.abreastof

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。aheadof“在……之前”；backof“在……后面”；independentof“不受……支配的”；abreastof“保持与……并列”。句意：一些经济学家担心，股价……公司盈利，这在一定程度上让人想起上世纪80年代末日本股市崩盘前的情景。可知前半句应表示“股票价格超过了公司盈利”。因此A选项符合题意。

2.单选题

"Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester?"

"Idon'tknow.Butit'sabouttime______onsomething."

问题1选项

A.I'ddecide

B.Idecided

C.Idecide

D.I'mdeciding

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。Itisabouttimethat是一个虚拟语气句型，表示与现在事实相反，that从句的谓语用一般过去时。因此B选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Inprevioustime,whenfreshmeatwasinshort(),pigeonswerekeptbymanyhouseholdsasasourceoffood.

问题1选项

A.storage

B.reserve

C.supply

D.provision

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。storage“贮藏库，存储”；reserve“储备，储存”；supply“供给；补给”；provision“供应品”。句意：在过去，当鲜肉短缺时，许多家庭饲养鸽子作为食物来源。表示供应短缺时固定使用inshortsupply。因此C选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Icouldn'tsleepbecausethetapinthebathroomwas______.

问题1选项

A.draining

B.dropping

C.spilling

D.dripping

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。drain“排水；流干”；drop“落下”；spill“溢出”；drip“使滴下；溢出”。句意：浴室的水龙头一直在滴水，使我无法入睡。因此D选项符合题意。

5.单选题

（）sermonsretainedtheirpreeminenceinreligiouslifeduringmostofthetwentiethcentury,theyaregraduallylosingthatcentralplacesaschurchesdevotemoreenergytosocialactivities.

问题1选项

A.As

B.For

C.While

D.Although

【答案】D

【解析】考查逻辑知识。前半句中“sermonsretainedtheirpreeminence”表示肯定意义，后半句提到“theyaregraduallylosingthatcentralplaces”，可知语气出现了转折。因此D选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we______soformally.

问题1选项

A.neednothavedressedup

B.mustnothavedressedup

C.didnotneedtodressup

D.mustnotdressup

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。needn’thavedone表示本不必做某事，却做了。句意：早知道是个小型家庭聚会，我们本不必穿这么正式。因此A选项符合题意。

7.单选题

UndertheBushadministrationAmericahasgonefromapolicyof“dualcontainment”ofIranandIraqtooneapproachingdualfailure.ItremovedtheironruleofSaddamHussein,butcreatedananarchicvoidinIraqintowhichIranhasextendeditsinfluence.ExhaustedbytheinsurgencyinIraq,AmericanowstruggletodealwiththemoreacutethreatofweaponsofmassdestructionposedbyIran’snuclearprogramme.America’sAraballiesmaybeterrifiedbythestrengtheningofIran，buttheyareevenmoreterrifiedbytheprospectofAmericanmilitaryactiontodestroyIran’snuclearfacilities.

InEuropethereisadegreeofacceptancethat,soonerorlater,theworldmayhavetodealwithanuclear-armedIran.SomeintheBushadministrationthough,regardthatprospectasevenmorehorrendousthantheconsequencesofattackingIran,whichmayincludemoreinstabilityinIraqandelsewhere,moreterrorismandthedisruptionofoilfromthePersianGulf.Thereisnocertainly,moreover,abouthowfarmilitarystrikescansetbackthenuclearprogramme,ifatall.

GeorgeBushhasrepeatedlysaidthat“allopinions”remainonhistable,bywhichhemeanstheuseofmilitaryforce.Buttheoneoptionhehasseemedlesskeenonistheidea,advocatedbymanyofseekinga“grandbargain”withIranonawholerangeofdisputes,fromthenuclearquestiontopeacewithIsrael.WhenAmericawasstrong,itfeltitdidnotneedtodealwithIran.Nowitisworriedbytheprospectoflookingweak.

Nevertheless,therehasbeenarealchangeofpolicysincethedayswhenMr.BushsaidIranwaspartofthe“axisofevil”.HisadministrationhasofferedtojoinnucleartalksifIransuspendsuraniumenrichment.RayTakeyh,anexpertonIran,arguesinthelatestissueofForeignAffairssays:bettertodealwiththepragmatists,andstrengthenthem,ratherthangivefreereintotheradicals.Hemayormaynotberight.

1.Accordingtothepassage,Americafailedto(

).

2.Thephrase“thatprospect”(Line2,Para3)refersto

(

)

.

3.

RayTakeyhurgedtheAmericagovernmentto(

)

.

问题1选项

A.containeitherIranofIraq

B.extenditsinfluenceinIran

C.createdananarchicvoidinIraq

D.removetheruleofSaddamHussein

问题2选项

A.AmericanmilitaryactiononIran

B.setbackinIran’snuclearprogram

C.anIranarmedwithnuclearweapons

D.America’sthreatinIran’sweapons

问题3选项

A.stopseeingIranaspartof“theaxisofevil”

B.holdnucleartalkswithIranwithnoconditions

C.suspendtheuraniumenrichmentprograminIran

D.adoptapragmaticratherradicalapproachtoIran

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

【解析】1.细节题。题干：根据这篇文章，美国没有做到______。第一段第二句说到“ItremovedtheironruleofSaddamHussein,butcreatedananarchicvoidinIraqintowhichIranhasextendeditsinfluence”，说明美国推倒了萨达姆的统治，在伊拉克造成了统治空白，伊朗趁机扩大了影响力，选项A、C、D都是美国做成的，但是B选项没有。因此B选项符合题意。

2.指代题。第二段第一句“InEuropethereisadegreeofacceptablethat,soonerorlater,theworldmayhavetodealwithanuclear-armedIran”说到伊朗核武器的问题让整个欧洲担心。因此“thatprospect”说的就是“拥有核武器的伊朗”，C选项符合题意。

3.观点题。题干：RayTakeyh敦促美国政府______。文章最后一段提到“bettertodealwiththepragmatists,andstrengthenthem,ratherthangivefreereintotheradicals”，更好的办法是，与伊朗方面的实用派谈判，而不是放任激进派。因此D选项符合题意。

8.单选题

U.S.SecretaryofStateRice（）athree-daytriptotheMiddleEastwithanagreement

fromIsraeliandPalestinianleaderstoholdmeetingseverytwoweeks.

问题1选项

A.endedup

B.wrappedup

C.roundedup

D.summedup

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。endup“结束；死亡”；wrapup“包裹；圆满完成”；roundup“围捕；赶拢”；sumup“总结，概述”。句意：美国国务卿赖斯……中东为期三天的访问，与以色列和巴勒斯坦领导人达成协议，每两周举行会议。endup后如果要接名词，必须有with。因此B选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Theworld’sgreatestsnow-cappedpeaks,whichruninachainfromtheHimalayastoTianShan（1）theborderofChinaandKyrgyzstan,havelostnoice（2）thelastdecade,newresearchshows.

Thediscoveryhasstunnedscientists,who（3）thataround50bntonsofmeltwater（4）eachyearandnotbeingreplacedbynewsnowfall.

Thestudyisthefirsttosurveyalltheworld’sicecapsandglaciersandwasmade（5）bytheuseofsatellitedata.Overall,thecontributionofmeltingiceoutsidethetwolargestcaps一GreenlandandAntarctica—ismuch（6）thanpreviouslyestimated，withthelackoficelossintheHimalayasandtheotherhighpeaksofAsia（7）mostofthediscrepancy.

BristolUniversityglaciologistProfJonathanBamber,whowasnotpartoftheresearchteam,said,“TheveryunexpectedresultwasthenegligiblemasslossfromhighmountainAsia,whichisnot（8）differentfromzero.”

ThemeltingofHimalayanglacierscaused（9）in2009whenareportfromtheUN’sintergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangemistakenlystatedthattheywoulddisappearby2035,insteadof2350.（10

），thescientistwholedthenewworkisclearthatwhilegreateruncertaintyhasbeendiscoveredinAsia’shighestmountains,themeltingoficecapsandglaciersaroundtheworld（11

）aseriousconcern.

“Ourresultsandthoseofeveryoneelseshowwearelosingahugeamountofwaterintotheoceanseveryyear,”saidProfJohnWahroftheUniversityofColorado.“Peopleshouldbejustasworriedaboutthemeltingoftheworld’siceastheywerebefore.”

Histeam’sstudy,publishedinthejournalNature,concludesthatbetween443-629bntonsofmeltwateroverallareaddedtotheworld’soceanseachyear.Thisis（12

）sealevelbyabout1.5mmayear,theteamreports,（13

）the2mmayearcausedbyexpansionofthewarmingocean.

Thescientistsarecarefultopointoutthatlower-altitudeglaciersintheAsianmountainranges—sometimesdubbedthe“thirdpole”—are（14

）melting.Satelliteimagesandreportsconfirmthis.Butoverthestudyperiodfrom2003-10enoughicewasaddedtothepeaksto（15

）.

问题1选项

A.on

B.in

C.across

D.over

问题2选项

A.from

B.as

C.upon

D.over

问题3选项

A.believed

B.hadbelieved

C.havebelieved

D.werebelieving

问题4选项

A.werebeingshedding

B.wereshedding

C.werebeingshed

D.wereshed

问题5选项

A.impossible

B.possible

C.unavailable

D.available

问题6选项

A.shorter

B.smaller

C.fewer

D.less

问题7选项

A.inchargeof

B.responsiblefor

C.liablefor

D.causedby

问题8选项

A.significantly

B.meaningfully

C.informatively

D.expressively

问题9选项

A.agreement

B.consensus

C.controversy

D.difference

问题10选项

A.Besides

B.Furthermore

C.Despite

D.However

问题11选项

A.resumes

B.remains

C.keeps

D.lasts

问题12选项

A.rising

B.arising

C.raising

D.rearing

问题13选项

A.including

B.addingupto

C.additionally

D.inadditionto

问题14选项

A.definitely

B.necessarily

C.exactly

D.particularly

问题15选项

A.replace

B.refund

C.compensate

D.balance

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:C

第10题:D

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:D

第14题:A

第15题:C

【解析】（1）考查固定搭配。空格后是theborderof，选项中只有on可以与其搭配，表示“在……的边界”。因此A选项符合题意。

（2）考查介词用法。空格后是thelastdecade，表示时间，与over搭配时表示“在过去的十年内”。因此D选项符合题意。

（3）考查语法知识。本句前部分提到“这一发现震惊了科学家”，说明这是与科学家以前的发现不同。相对现在的时间点，科学家以前的动作属于过去完成。因此B选项符合题意。

（4）考查语法知识。根绝选项得知动词为shed（流失），空格前的meltwater与shed应为被动关系。冰雪融化成水流失是不断进行的动作，因此需要使用过去进行时的被动语态形式。选项C符合题意。

（5）考查上下文语义。句意：由于使用了卫星数据，这项第一次针对全世界的冰盖和冰川的研究……。联系上下文，覆盖全球范围的研究得益于卫星数据，得以顺利进行。因此B选项符合题意。bemadepossible表示“使……称为可能，使……得以发生”。

（6）考查上下文语义。句意：总的来说,外融冰的贡献最大的两个冰盖一格陵兰岛和南极洲——比先前估计……的多。联系前文提到发现融冰量并不如科学家们以为的多，因此空格处应填表示量少的否定词。ice为不可数名词，因此D选项符合题意。

（7）考查词组辨析。inchargeof“负责，主管”；responsiblefor“为……负责；是……的缘由”；liablefor“对……有责任”；causedby“归因于”。句意：……没有冰川损失的喜马拉雅山脉和亚洲其他32个高峰是造成此差异的缘故。因此B选项符合题意。

（8）考查副词辨析。significantly“显著地；相当数量地”；meaningfully“有意义地”；informatively“提供消息地”；expressively“表现地；意味深长地”。前文句意：令人意想不到的结果是亚洲高山冰川的质量损失微不足道。非限定性定语从句中的not…different应与negligible相符合。因此A选项符合题意，表示“与零没有显著的区别”。

（9）考查名词辨析。agreement“协议；同意”；consensus“一致；舆论”；controversy“争论，辩论”；difference“差异”。本句提到，2009年一份有关气候变化的报告错误地显示喜马拉雅冰川将在2035年而不是2350年消失时，引起了……。由mistakenlystates等字眼可知，此处应为引起了争论，而不是所有人达成一致意见。因此C选项符合题意。

（10）考查逻辑关系。前文讲述亚洲高山冰川的积雪损失可以忽略不计这一好的结果，空格后提到应该关注全世界冰盖和冰川融化的现象属于转折。因此D选项符合题意。

（11）考查动词辨析。resume“继续；恢复”；remain“保持某状态，依然”；keep“使……保持某状态；经营”；last“持续；维持”。句意：世界各地的冰冠和冰川融化（依然）是一个严重的问题。因此B选项符合题意。

（12）考查近义动词辨析。本句表示海平面上升，空格后有宾语，因此必须填及物动词。在表示“上升”时，rise和arise都是不及物动词，因此排除。rear“养育，抚养”不符合句意。因此C选项符合题意。

（13）考查词语辨析。including“包含，包括”；addingupto“总计达……”；additionally“此外，加之”；inadditionto“除……之外（还有）”。本句表示除海平面每年上升1.5毫米之外，海洋暖流范围的扩大引起海平面每年上升2毫米。空格后是名词，不能用副词additionally修饰。因此D选项符合题意。

（14）考查副词辨析。definitely“清楚地，明确地”；necessarily“必要地”；exactly“恰好地”；particularly“特别地”。句意：科学家们谨慎地指出，亚洲山脉的低海拔冰川——有时被称为“第三极”，……正在融化。根据句意，A选项符合。

（15）考查上下文语义。replace“取代”；refund“退还”；compensate“补偿”；balance“使平衡”。前文提到的是冰川消融，本句开头有一个转折词but，说明空格处应填入与冰川消融反义的词语。综合以上，“补偿损失”最合适，因此C选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Thebeliefthatthemindplaysanimportantroleinphysicalillnessgoesbacktotheearliestdaysofmedicine.FromthetimeoftheancientGreekstothebeginningofthe20thcentury,itwasgenerallyacceptedbybothphysicianandpatientthatthemindcanaffectthecourseofillness,anditseemednaturaltoapplythisconceptinmedicaltreatmentsofdisease.Afterthediscoveryofantibiotics,anewassumptionarosethattreatmentofinfectiousorinflammatorydiseaserequiresonlytheeliminationoftheforeignorganismoragentthattriggerstheillness.Intherushtodiscoverantibioticsanddrugsthatcurespecificinfectionsanddiseases,thefactthatthebody’sownresponsescaninfluencesusceptibilitytodiseaseand-itscoursewaslargelyignoredbymedicalresearchers.

Itisironicthatresearchintoinfectiousandinflammatorydiseasefirstled20th-centurymedicinetorejecttheideathatthemindinfluencesphysicalillness,andnowresearchinthesamefield—includingtheworkofourlaboratoriesandofourcollaboratorsattheNationalInstitutesofHealth一isprovingthecontrary.Newmolecularandpharmacologicaltoolshavemadeitpossibleforustoidentifytheintricatenetworkthatexistsbetweentheimmunesystemandthebrain，anetworkthatallowsthetwosystemstosignaleachothercontinuouslyandrapidly.Chemicalsproducedbyimmunecellssignalthebrain,andthebraininturnsendschemicalsignalstorestraintheimmunesystem.Thesesamechemicalsignalsalsoaffectbehaviorandtheresponsetostress.Disruptionofthiscommunicationnetworkinanyway,whetherinheritedorthroughdrugs,toxicsubstancesorsurgery,exacerbatesthediseasesthatthesesystemsguardagainst:infectious,inflammatory,autoimmune,andassociatedmooddisorders.

Theclinicalsignificanceofthesefindingsislikelytoproveprofound.Theyholdthepromiseofextendingtherangeoftherapeutictreatmentsavailableforvariousdisorders,asdrugspreviouslyknowntoworkprimarilyfornervoussystemproblemsareshowntobeeffectiveagainstimmunemaladies,andviceversa.Theyalsohelptosubstantiatethepopularlyheldimpression(stilldiscountedinsomemedicalcircles)thatourstateofmindcaninfluencehowwellweresistorrecoverfrominfectiousorinflammatorydiseases.

Thebrain’sstressresponsesystemisactivatedinthreateningsituations.Theimmunesystemrespondsautomaticallytopathogensandforeignmolecules.Thesetworesponsesystemsarethebody’sprincipalmeansformaintaininganinternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis.Asubstantialproportionofhumancellularmachineryisdedicatedtomaintainingit.

Whenhomeostasisisdisturbedorthreatened,arepertoireofmolecular,cellularandbehavioralresponsescomesintoplay.Theseresponsesattempttocounteractthedisturbingforcesinordertoreestablishasteadystate.Theycanbespecifictotheforeigninvaderoraparticularstress,ortheycanbegeneralizedandnonspecificwhenthethreattohomeostasisexceedsacertainthreshold.Theadaptiveresponsemaythemselvesturnintostressorscapableofproducingdisease.Wearejustbeginningtounderstandtheinterdependenceofthebrainandtheimmunesystem,howtheyhelptoregulateandcounter-regulateeachotherandhowtheythemselvescanmalfunctionandproducedisease.

1.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtosuggestthat（）

2.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemind-bodyinteractionindisease?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutclinicalsignificanceofthenewfindingscanbebest

supportedbythepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Accordingtothepassage,inordertomaintainaninternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis,（

）.

问题1选项

A.ithasalwaysbeenthebeliefofbothphysicianandpatientthatone’sstateofmindcanaffectphysicaldisease

B.thepopularbeliefthatstressexacerbatesinflammatoryillnesshasalwaysbeendiscreditedbythedoctors

C.thediscoveryofantibioticsshedslightonpeople’sunderstandingofthemind-bodyinteractionindisease

D.thereisanewunderstandingofthecommunicationbetweenthebrainandimmunesystem

问题2选项

A.Thebrainandimmunesystemssendsignalstoeachother.

B.Theimmuneandcentralnervoussystemsareorganizedinverydifferentwaystoaffectthecourseofillness.

C.Disruptionofthecommunicationofthebrainandimmunesystemcancurecertaindisease.

D.Theimmunesystemandthebrainsharealotofhormonestofacilitatetheircommunication.

问题3选项

A.Theresponsivenesstostressisgeneticallydetermined.

B.Thetreatmentofimmunemaladiescanbeconsciouslycontrolled.

C.Psychoactivedrugsmayinsomecasesbeusedtotreatinflammatorydiseases.

D.Socialinteractionscanlessenpsychologicalstressandalterimmuneresponses.

问题4选项

A.Takingthecureatamountainsanatoriumdoesn’tworkforthetreatmentformanychronicdiseases.

B.Therelaxingeffectsofhot-springsspacanhelprestorethecommunicationbetweenthebrainandimmunesystem.

C.Thedisruptionofthebrain’sstressresponsereducesthebody’sresponse.

D.Depressionisalsoassociatedwithinflammatorydisease.

问题5选项

A.sometimesthestressresponseneedstogototheextreme

B.thestressresponsehastobartheforeignpathogensfromthebody

C.boththestressandimmuneresponsesneedtoberegulated

D.theimmunesystempromotesphysiologicalandbehavioralchanges

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨题。题干：这篇文章提供的信息表明了_____。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Wearejustbeginningtounderstandtheinterdependenceofthebrainandtheimmunesystem,howtheyhelptoregulateandcounter-regulateeachotherandhowtheythemselvescanmalfunctionandproducedisease”可知，我们才刚刚开始了解大脑和免疫系统之间的相互依赖关系，它们是如何帮助彼此调节和反调节的，以及它们自身是如何失灵和产生疾病的。由此可知人们对大脑和免疫系统之间的关系有了新的认识。因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：下列哪一项最能说明疾病中的身心互动？Themind-bodyinteraction对应文章第二段的theimmunesystemandthebrain，文中提到“anetworkthatallowsthetwosystemstosignaleachothercontinuouslyandrapidly”，可知A选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：关于新发现的临床意义，下列哪一项陈述能最好地得到这篇文章的支持？文章第三段第一句提到“signigicance”,后句中“…extendingtherangeoftherapeutictreatmentsavailableforvariousdisorders,asdrugspreviouslyknowntoworkprimarilyfornervoussystemproblemsareshowntobeeffectiveagainstimmunemaladies...”正好对应C选项内容。因此C选项符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干：从文章中可以推断出下列哪个陈述？A和B选项与本文无关。第二段提到“Thesesamechemicalsignalsalsoaffectbehaviorandtheresponsetostress”，说明有影响，但C选项中的reduce并不能体现。第二段最后一句“Disruptionofthiscommunicationnetwork…exacerbatesthediseasesthatthesesystemsguardagainst:infectious,inflammatory,autoimmune,andassociatedmooddisorders”正说明精神状况对于疾病的影响，因此D选项符合题意。

5.细节题。题干：根据这篇文章，为了保持一种叫做内稳态的内部稳定状态______。根据题干定位到文章第四段第三句，根据第五段中“Theseresponsesattempttocounteractthedisturbingforcesinordertoreestablishasteadystate”可知为了维持人体内部的平衡，应激反应必须将外来病原体从体内消除。因此B选项符合题意。

11.填空题

InMicrosoft'slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecentlygaveawayexpensivelaptopsloaded(1)______itsnewWindowsVistaoperatingsystem.Butthegiftsgeneratedcontroversyaswellasgood(2)______,withsomebloggersaccusingMicrosoftofbriberyandtheirpeers(3)______unethicalbehavior.

SeveralbloggersreportedlastweekthattheyhadreceivedAcerFerrarilaptops,whichcansell(4)______morethan$2,200,fromMicrosoft.

AspokeswomanforMicrosoftconfirmedFridaythatthe(5)______hadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers(6)______wroteabouttechnologyandothersubjectsthatcouldbe(7)______bythenewoperatingsystem,likephotographyand,oddly,parenting.

ButwhilethoseonMicrosoft'smailinglistinitiallygreetedthemachineswithenthusiasm,many(8)______bloggerssoonobjected—notbecausetheyhadbeenleftoffthelistbut,theysaid,becausebloggersareboundbythe(9)______rulesastraditionaljournalists,whoshouldnotaccept(10)______giftsfromcompaniestheycover.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWER

【答案】1.with

2.will

3.of

4.for

5.company

6.who

7.affected/influenced

8.other

9.same

10.expensive

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。句意表示微软公司最近出售的便携电脑都装载新开发的WindowsVista操作系统，表示装载时，load与with搭配。

2.考查语义。根据句意，Thegifts体现了好意，也引起了争论。因此填入will，goodwill表示“善意”。

3.考查固定搭配。本句说到有些博客职责微软公司行贿，并列部分省略了“accusing”，表示还职责同行缺乏职业道德。表示职责时使用“accuseof”。

4.考查固定搭配。句中sell后面跟的是金额，说明卖了多少钱，此时使用固定搭配“sellfor”。

5.考查语义。句中缺少的是宾语从句的主语。综合上下文，送出90台电脑给博主们的就是微软公司。此处只需填company即可。

6.考查语法知识。前半句“thecompanyhadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers”，后半句的谓语动词“wroteabout”说明正是这些被送电脑的博客们写了些东西。因此这里缺的是定语从句的引导词，而这个词要在从句中充当主语指代bloggers，应填入who。

7.考查语法知识。本句说的是“其他可能会受新操作系统……的技术和对象”，根据语义可知应填入“影响”。并且此处为被动语态，应填入过去分词形式，affected或influenced都可以。

8.试题分析：句中提到，有些博主不接受赠予是因为博主和传统的记者一样受到条款的制约，而不是他们不再列表式。前文提到接受赠予的额博主是在邮件列表上的，因此这些博主就用“other”修饰。

9.考查语义。这些博主与传统的记者受到……的条款约束，此处应表示‘’同样的。并且“same…as…”表示“同样”的意思。因此填入same。

10.考查语义。根据上文提到电脑的售价，可知此处表示“他们不能接受他们所报道的公司的昂贵礼物”。因此填入expensive。

12.单选题

TheUnitedNationsdeclaredlastFridaythatSomalia’sfamineisover.Buttheofficialdeclaration

meanslittletothemillionsofSomaliswhoarestillhungryandwaitingfortheircropstogrow.

KenMenkhaus,professorofpoliticalscienceatDavidsonCollege,saiditwasprofoundlydisappointingtobediscussinganotherSomalifamine,afterheworkedinthecountryduringthe1991-1992one.Eachfamine,hesaid,hasdistinctcharacteristics,andthisoneunfoldinslowmotionoverthepastcoupleofyears.That’satleastpartlybecausetheSomalidiasporasentmoneyhomethatdelayedtheworsteffects.

MenkhauswasamongfourexpertsonSomaliaandfaminewhospokeattheRadcliffeGymMondayeveningandgatheredfortheevent,“SoundtheHom:FamineintheHomofAfrica.”PaulFarmer,KolokotronesUniversityProfessorofGlobalHealthandSocialMedicine,drewonhisexperiencetreatingmalnourishedpeopleinHaiti，wherehehasworkedfordecade，andsaidthehumanandsocialcontextofhome,andaidtofamiliesshouldbepartofwearingthechild,hesaid.Similarly,broaderagriculturalinterventionsandfairtradepoliciesareneededtoboostlocalagriculturaleconomies.

Thoughfamineisoftenthoughtofasanaturaldisaster,Monday’sspeakerssaidthatisafalseimpression.ThoughSomaliasufferedthroughaseveredrought,withtoday’sinstantcommunications,transportsystemscanmovemassiveamountsoffood.Giventoday’sglobalfoodmarkets,famineistoooftenafailureoflocalgovernmentandinternationalresponse.

“Intoday’s21st-centuryworld,justabouteverythingaboutfamineisman-made.We’renolongerinaworldofmanagainstnature.”saidRobertPaarlberg,adjunctprofessorofpublicpolicyattheHarvardKennedySchool.

Ethiopia,whichwasalsoaffectedbytherecentdrought,faredmuchbetterthistimebecauseofreformsimplementedafterthe2001one.Likewise,Paarlbergsaid,northernandcentralSomalia,regionsthatfalloutsideoftheinfluenceoftheAl-Shabaabmilitia,alsofaredbetter.Therewereseveralman-madefeaturesofthisfamine,whichaffectedmorethan10millionpeopleandkilledbetween50,000and100,000,halfofthemchildrenunderage5.

Thelargestman-madefeaturewastheroleoftheAl-Shabaabmilitiathatrulestheregionandthatkeptfoodaidfromreachingthoseinneed.Buttheinternationalcommunityisn’tblameless.AsearlyasNovember2010,aninternationalfamineearlywarningsystemwaspredictingthefailureofrainsintheregion,buttheinternationalcommunitydidn’trespondfullyuntilanofficialfaminewasdeclaredinJuly2011.Ontopofthat,U.S.anti-terrorismlawscutofffoodaidbecauseAl-Shabaab,listedasaterroristgroup,wastakingsomeofit.

ThoughtheUnitedNationshasdeclaredthefamineover,thatwasbasedonstatisticalmeasures,suchasthenumberofpeopledyingeachdayandthenumberofchildrenwhoaremalnourished.Thoughtheofficialfaminemaybeover,bothU.N.officialsandMonday’sspeakerssaidthecrisiscontinuesforthepeopleofSomalia.Almostathirdofthepopulationremainsdependentonhumanitarianassistance,cropsgrowingfromrecentrainswilltakemonthstoreachmaturity,andherdsofcows,goats,andotheranimalsweregreatlyreducedduringthecrisis.

MichaelDelaney,directorofhumanitarianresponseforOxfamAmerica,warnedthattheworldwillhaveanotherchancetogetitsresponseright,becausethewarningsignsarepointingtoanimpendingfamineinAfrica’sSahel,thearid,continent-spanningtransitionzonejustbelowtheSaharaDesert.

1.ThecurrentSomalifamineisdifferentfromthe1991-1992oneinthat（）.

2.Intreatingthemalnourishedpatients,attentionshouldbepaidtothefollowingEXCEPT（）

3.Whatisimpliedby“We’renolongerinaworldofmanagainstnature”？

4.RegardingthecurrentfamineinSomalia,who’stoblamemost?

5.WhatproblemstillremainsfromthecurrentSomalifamine?

问题1选项

A.itreceivedlessinternationalaid

B.worsteffectscamemoreslowly

C.itcaughtmoreattentionfromtheworld

D.itlastedlongerdespitehelpfromtheUN

问题2选项

A.makingfairtradepolicies

B.aidingthepatients’families

C.ignoringtheindicationofpoverty

D.exercisingagriculturalinterventions

问题3选项

A.Naturaldisasteralonecannotexplainfamine.

B.Weliveinaworldofmanyman-madematters.

C.Theworldismadeupofconflictingsocialforces.

D.Humanbeingsfightwithoneanotherforbetterlife.

问题4选项

A.TheUnitedStates.

B.TheAl-Shabaabmilitia.

C.TheUnitedNationsFAO.

D.Theinternationalcommunity.

问题5选项

A.Thenumberofmalnourishedchildrenremainsunknown.

B.Halfofthepopulationremainsdependentonhumanitarianassistance.

C.Cropsgrowingfromrecentrainswerereapedbeforereachingmaturity.

D.Herdsofcows,goatsandotheranimalsweregreatlyreducedduringthefamine.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节题。题干：索马里这次饥荒与1991-1992年的饥荒不同是因为______。本文第二段提到了1991-1992的饥荒，最后一句中提到“……delayedtheworsteffects”，说明这次饥荒比之前那次的最坏的影响来得晚些。因此B选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：在治疗营养不良的病人时，应注意以下几点除了_____。本文第三段提到malnourishedpatients，后文中“…andaidtofamiliesshouldbepartofwearingthechild…broaderagriculturalinterventionsandfairtradepoliciesareneeded…”，对应选项A、B、D。因此C选项符合题意。

3.判断推理题。题干：“我们不再处于一个人与自然作斗争的世界”指的是什么？根据语句定位到文章第五段，前文中“Intoday’s21st-centuryworld,justabouteverythingaboutfamineisman-made”表明现在与饥荒有关的一切几乎都是人为的，单纯自然灾害这个因素不足以解释饥荒，因此A选项符合题意。

.4判断推理题。题干：关于索马里目前的饥荒，谁是罪魁祸首？题干中的blame可对应上第七段第二句的blameless，由此可定位。往前看到“thelargestfeature”可知最大的人为因素是青年党民兵组织。因此B选项符合题意。

5.细节题。题干：索马里目前的饥荒还遗留着什么问题？本文倒数第二段中提到，尽管联合国宣告饥荒已结束，但问题还有很多。A选项中营养不良的孩子的数由官方统计而来；B选项halfthepopulation与文中athirdofthepopulation不符；C选项的werereapedbefore与原文的takesmonthstoreachmaturity不符。因此D选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Businessandgovernmentmanagersoftenpromote“cleandesk”politiestoavoiddisorganizedofficesandmessydesks，______boostingworkefficiencyandproductivity.

问题1选项

A.forthepurposeof

B.forgoodof

C.forpurposeof

D.forthefunof

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词词组辨析。forthepurposeof“为了……目的”；B和C选项形式不正确；forthefunof“为了享受”。句意：企业和政府管理者经常推行“整洁的办公室”政策，以避免混乱的办公室和凌乱的桌子，……提高工作效率和生产力。因此选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

Althoughthefalsebanknotesfooledmanypeople,theydidnot()closeexamination.

问题1选项

A.putupwith

B.keepupwith

C.standupto

D.lookupto

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。putupwith“忍受，容忍”；keepupwith“赶得上；和……保持联系”；standupto“经得起；抵抗”；lookupto“尊敬”。句意：虽然这些假钞愚弄了许多人，但他们经不起仔细检查。因此C选项符合题意。

15.单选题

（）onlyonemovingsoulinthecenterofalltheorbitsthatisthesunwhichdrivestheplanetsthemorevigorouslytheclosertheplanetis.

问题1选项

A.Asexists

B.Althoughexisting

C.Thereexists

D.Whereexisting

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。C选项的thereexist是therebe句型的变形。需认清句中关系词that的先行词是onemovingsoul。因此C选项符合题意。

16.单选题

Themostinterestingnewcarsmayowe()thesimplewisdomofhiringafewtalentedpeopleandallowingthemtowork.

问题1选项

A.lesslocalfree-spiritednessthan

B.lesslocalfree-spiritednessthanto

C.tolesslocalfree-spiritednessthanto

D.lesstolocalfree-spiritednessthanto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。oweto“归功于”是固定搭配，与比较级less…than连用，应为oweless