2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京体育大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号26

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京体育大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Itiswellknownthatwhenanindividualjoinsagrouphetendstoacceptthegroup’sstandardsofbehaviorandthinking.Heisexpectedtobehaveinaccordancewiththesenormsinotherwords,thegroupexpectshimtoconform.Manyillustrationscouldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylife,butwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.

Inatypicalexperiment,theexperimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupthatisinvestigatingvisualperception.Thevictimsarenot,therefore,awareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecollaboratingwiththeexperimenter.Thegroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasingleline.Theyarethenaskedtolookatasecondcard.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard,oneisshorterandonethesamelength.Theyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcard.Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.Thevolunteerseesthattheothermembersofthegroupunanimouslychoosealinewhichisobviouslynotthesamelengthastheoneonthestandardcard.

Whenitishisturntoanswerheisfacedwiththeunanimousopinionofthegroup—alltheothershavechosenlineAbuthequiteclearlyseeslineBascorrect.Whatwillhedo?AccordingtoAsch,morethanhalfofthevictimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthat,wheninterviewedabouttheiranswers,mostexplainedthattheyknewthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheyyieldedtothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion.

1.Psychologistsareinterestedin（

）.

2.Intheexperiment,whohavebeentoldtopickthewrongline?

3.Inwhatcircumstancesdomostpeopleyieldtopressure?

4.Theexperimentsdemonstratethat（

）.

5.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.howfargrouppressurecaninfluencepeople’sjudgments

B.howtomakejudgmentsaccordingtoeverydayexperience

C.howtochangepeople’sjudgments

D.thegroup’sstandardsofsocialbehavior

问题2选项

A.Thevictims.

B.Thevolunteer.

C.Theexperimenter.

D.Theothermembers.

问题3选项

A.Whenthegroupisseparated.

B.Whenthegroupisunanimous.

C.Whentheyknowtheyarethevictims.

D.Whentheyareforcedtoanswerquestions.

问题4选项

A.nearlyeveryindividualwillbehavedifferentlyfromothers

B.grouppressureiscausedbytheinterferenceofthepsychologists.

C.psychologistswishtochangethepeople’sjudgmentsandopinions.

D.peoplewillchangetheirideasundergrouppressure.

问题5选项

A.ATypicalExperiment

B.AreWeAfraidtobeDifferent

C.TheGroup’sStandardsofBehaviorandThinking

D.DoseanIndividualNeedtoFollowaGroup’sStandards

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“whatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”心理学家特别感兴趣的是，团体的压力究竟会在多大程度上改变人们的判断和观点。选项A符合原文。

2.事实细节题。根据关键词“wrongline”定位到第二段倒数第二句“Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.”小组的其他成员先回答，但志愿者不知道的是，他们被告知要选错一条线。这里的“they”指的是上句提到的“Theothermembersofthegroup”，所以选项D正确。

3.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，这个实验中超过一半的被选中的受害者会改变他们的观点。大多数人解释说，他们知道小组的选择是错误的，但他们最终屈服于小组的压力，因为小组的选择是全体一致的。所以选项B正确。

4.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知，这个实验实际上是想证明第一段提出的观点“theextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”团体的压力究竟会在多大程度上改变人们的判断和观点。最后得出结论，大多数会在团体压力下改变他们的想法。所以选项D符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。文章在第一段提出观点“当一个人加入一个群体时，他往往会接受这个群体的行为和思维标准”，后面通过实验来证明这个观点。选项A和C表述太笼统，相对于选项D，选项B“我们害怕与众不同吗?”这个标题更好。

2.单选题

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledtheSecondIndustrialRevolution.

Labor’sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyaboutitseffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnologicalchangeisfutile.Inthelongrun,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Unquestionably,however,therewillbemajorshiftsinjobswithinplantsanddisplacementoflaborfromoneindustrytoanother.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthistransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitsplans.ItisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinSUBplanhasadirectfinancialstakeinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongincentiveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibledisruptioninjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlylaidoffworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaoftheimprovementfactor,whichcallsforwageincreasebasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itisprobable,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.

1.Welearnfromparagraph1thatautomationwillprobablyleadto（

）.

2.Laborhastheopinionthat（

）.

3.Whatistherelationbetweenautomationandemploymentintheopinionoflabor?

4.Theunionstressesthat（

）.

5.Howmanynewpoliciesoftheunionshavebeenlistedinthispassage?

问题1选项

A.industrialexpansion

B.anincreaseinemployment

C.displacementoflaborfromoneindustrytoanother

D.anincreaseinunemployment

问题2选项

A.alleffortsmustbemadetopreventautomation

B.automationwillcauseariseinconsumercosts

C.itsmaininterestliesinincreasingallwages

D.technologicalchangecannotbestopped

问题3选项

A.Automationwilldefinitelyleadstomoreunemployment.

B.Fromalong-termpointofviewautomationwillbringaboutmorejobs.

C.Automationwillnotcausemuchchangeinemployment.

D.Sooneroflaterautomationwilldoalltheworkinsteadofman.

问题4选项

A.workersshouldalsoenjoythefruitsbroughtaboutbyautomation

B.noworkersshouldbefiredinthedevelopmentofautomation

C.itisnecessarytoslowdownthedevelopmentofautomation

D.workersshouldbepaidaccordingtotheirlengthofservice

问题5选项

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容“自动化减少了生产过程中的人为因素，包括精神和身体上的因素，旨在使这样一种情况成为可能——用更少的工人生产更多的产品。”由此可推断，工人减少会导致失业率上升，所以这就是自动化所导致的结果。选项D正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnologicalchangeisfutile.”总的来说，劳动者们认为抵制技术变革是徒劳的。选项D符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段第三句“Inthelongrun,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.”从长远来看，自动化的结果很可能会导致就业的增加，因为在制造、维护和维修自动化设备领域将会出现大量的行业。选项B符合原文。

4.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句“Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.”工会发言人强调，自动化带来产量增加和成本降低的好处，应该通过提高工资、增加休闲时间和提高生活水平的形式，让工人们共享。也就是说，工人也应该享受自动化带来的好处。选项A符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。根据关键词“newpolicies”定位到最后一段“Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseis...Anotherapproachis...”为了在自动化时代保护工会成员的利益，工会采取了一系列新政策。其中之一是……另一种方法是……。由此可知是个政策，所以选项B正确。

3.单选题

TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,asunpredictable,andtheysought,throughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownandfearfulpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.

Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe“actingarea”andthe“auditorium”.Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeingsandmimedthedesiredeffect—successinhuntorballet,thecomingrain,therevivalofthesun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.

Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,ofother-feats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthataretheimitationofanimalmovementsandsounds.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whataspectofdramadoestheauthordiscussinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonelementoftheatreandritual?

4.Theword“considerable”underlinedinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“（

）".

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?

问题1选项

A.Theoriginsoftheatre.

B.Theroleofritualinmodemdance

C.Theimportanceofstorytelling

D.Thevarietyofearlyreligiousactivities.

问题2选项

A.Thereasondramaisoftenunpredictable.

B.Theseasonsinwhichdramaswereperformed.

C.Theconnectionbetweenmythsanddramaticplots.

D.Theimportanceofcostumesinearlydrama.

问题3选项

A.Dance.

B.Costumes.

C.Music

D.Magic.

问题4选项

A.thoughtful

B.substantial

C.relational

D.ceremonial

问题5选项

A.Ritualusesmusicwhereasdramadoesnot.

B.Ritualisshorterthandrama.

C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandrama.

D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干询问‘这篇文章主要讨论什么?’。文章前两段介绍了一种被广泛接受的一个理论，即戏剧是从仪式演变而来的。在最后一段还介绍了两种有关戏剧起源的不同理论，一个是认为戏剧起源于人类对讲故事的兴趣，另一个将戏剧的起源追溯到舞蹈。所以全文围绕着“戏剧的起源”这一主题展开，A选项‘戏剧的起源’正确。

2.细节事实题。题干询问‘作者在第一段中讨论了戏剧的哪些方面?’。根据文章第一段中的最后一句“Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.随着时间的推移，一些仪式被废弃了，但这些后来被称为神话的故事流传下来，为艺术和戏剧提供了素材。”确定作者在文章第一段讨论了神话和戏剧情节之间的关系，所以C选项‘神话和戏剧性情节之间的联系’正确。

3.细节事实题。题干询问‘以下哪一项不被提及为戏剧和仪式的共同元素?’。根据文章第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戏剧是由仪式演变而来的人也认为，这些仪式包含了戏剧的种子，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎总是被使用。”确定A‘舞蹈’、B‘服装’和C‘音乐’都有提及，D选项的“巫术”没有提及，符合题意。

4.词汇题。题干询问‘第2段下划线的“considerable”一词在意义上最接近…’。“considerable”出现在文章第二段第三句话中，修饰名词“importance重要性”，句意是‘由于在仪式的制定过程中避免错误的发生受到了……重视，宗教领袖通常承担这项任务。’根据“avoidingmistakes避免错误”以及“religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask通常是宗教领袖来承担该项任务”可以确定B选项‘大量的’。正确

5.推理判断题。题干询问‘根据这篇文章，仪式和戏剧的主要区别是什么?’。根据第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戏剧是由仪式演变而来的人也认为，这些仪式包含了戏剧的种子，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎总是被使用。”确定A选项‘仪式用音乐，而戏剧不用’不正确。B项“宗教仪式比戏剧短”与C项“宗教仪式相比戏剧有更少的表演者”在文中没有提及；根据倒数第二段中“Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.最终，这种戏剧性的表现形式从宗教活动中分离了出来。”确定D项“宗教仪式有一个宗教目的，而戏剧没有”正确。

4.单选题

“DoyoumindifEdwardridesinyourcar?”

“Yes,Ido.I’llbegladtotake（

）Edward.”

问题1选项

A.somebodyelsethan

B.anybodybut

C.someotherpersonbut

D.anyoneelsethan

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配题。题目是一个情景对话，所以需要关注上下文，上文提问说‘你介意爱德华乘坐你的车吗？’，下文回答‘是的，介意。’根据这里我们可以推知后一句应该是‘除了爱德华，其他人我都不介意。’anyonebutsb.为固定用法，表示“除了某人之外的所有人”，所以B选项正确。

5.单选题

Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshis（

）orsocialposition.

问题1选项

A.curiosity

B.status

C.determination

D.significance

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析题。A选项curiosity“好奇心，求知欲”;B选项status“地位，身份”;C选项determination“决心，果断，坚定”；D选项significance“（尤指对将来有影响的）重要性，意义”。根据表示并列的连词or和后面的名词“socialposition社会地位”确定B选项正确。

6.单选题

Whydoescreamgobadfasterthanbutter?Someresearchersthinktheyhavetheanswer,anditcomesdowntothestructureofthefood,notitschemicalcomposition—afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.

Creamandbuttercontainprettymuchthesamesubstances,sowhycreamshouldsourmuchfasterhasbeenamystery.Bothareemulsions—tinyglobules（小球体）ofoneliquidevenlydistributedthroughoutanother.Thedifferenceliesinwhat’sintheglobulesandwhat’sinthesurroundingliquid,saysBrocklehurst,wholedtheinvestigation.

Incream,fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter,globulesofawaterysolutionarelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthewateryregionsofthemixture.“Thismeansthatincream,thebacteriaarefreetogrowthroughoutthemixture.”Hesays.

Whenthesituationisreversed,thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartmentsburieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway,individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidlyrunoutofnutrients.Theyalsoslowlypoisonthemselveswiththeirwasteproducts.“Inbutter,yougetaself-limitingsystemwhichstopsthehoteliergrowing.”SaysBrocklehurst.

Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbemaderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood’sstructure.Brocklehurstbelievesitwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream,forinstance,morelikethatinbutter.Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.

1.ThesignificanceofBrocklehurst’sresearchisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtotheresearchers,creamsoursfasterthanbutterbecausebacteria

（

）.

3.AccordingtoBrocklehurst,wecankeepcreamfreshby

（

）.

4.Theword‘‘colonies’’refersto

（

）.

5.Commercialapplicationoftheresearchfindingwillbepossibleifsaladcreamcanbemaderesistanttobacterialattack（

）.

问题1选项

A.itsuggestedawaytokeepsomefoodsfreshwithoutpreservatives

B.itdiscoveredtinyglobulesinbothcreamandbutter.

C.itrevealedthesecretofhowbacteriamultiplyincreamandbutter.

D.itfoundthatcreamandbuttersharethesamechemicalcomposition

问题2选项

A.aremoreevenlydistributedincream

B.multiplymoreeasilyincreamthaninbutter

C.liveonlessfatincreamthaninbutter

D.producelesswasteincreamthaninbutter

问题3选项

A.removingitsfat

B.killingthebacteria

C.reducingitswatercontent

D.alteringitsstructure

问题4选项

A.tinyglobules

B.bacteriacommunities

C.wateryregions

D.littlecompartment

问题5选项

A.byvaryingitschemicalcomposition

B.byturningitintoasolidhump

C.whilekeepingitsstructureunchanged

D.whileretainingitsliquidform

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“Brocklehurst,wholedtheinvestigation.”，可知对于为什么奶油比黄油坏的问题的研究是由Brocklehurst主导的。又根据文章第一段，“afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.”，可知对这一问题研究的结果和发现，有助于帮助去除一些加工食品中的化学防腐剂。可判断出Brocklehurst的研究的意义在于提供了一种可以不使用防腐剂而使某些食品保持新鲜的方法。因此选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“Incream,fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter,globulesofawaterysolutionarelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthewateryregionsofthemixture.”，可知在奶油中，脂肪球在水中漂浮。在黄油中，水样溶液的小球被锁在脂肪中。而使食物变坏的细菌更喜欢生活在混合物的含水区域。可判断出在奶油中，细菌更容易在这种混合物中生存繁殖，所以奶油会更快变质。因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbemaderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood’sstructure.”，可知研究人员已经在与食品公司合作，希望能通过改变食物的结构使其具有抵抗细菌攻击的能力。可判断出研究者Brocklehurst表示，我们可以通过改变食物的结构来使奶油保险，抵抗细菌入侵。因此选项D符合题意。

4.词义理解题。根据文章第四段，“Whenthesituationisreversed,thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartmentsburieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway,individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidlyrunoutofnutrients.”，可知当情况发生逆转时，细菌被锁在深埋在脂肪海洋中的隔间里。根据trappedinthisway可判断出，此句是对上一句情况的继续描述，所以非谓语动词的逻辑主语仍然不会改变，这里的colonies和上文的bacteria是同一事物，都为主语。可判断出colonies也是指细菌。因此选项B符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Brocklehurstbelievesitwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream,forinstance,morelikethatinbutter.Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.”，可知Brocklehurst认为将有可能制造出用于沙拉酱中的乳剂，就像用于黄油的乳剂一样。关键是在保持沙拉酱液体的状态，而不是变成固体块。可判断出如果能使沙拉酱在保持液态的状态下能同时抵抗细菌的侵袭，那么这项研究成果将有可能用于商业用途，所以关键在于是要保持液体状态。因此选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Aswecannolongerwaitforthedeliveryofourorder,wehaveto（

）it.

问题1选项

A.postpone

B.refuse

C.delay

D.cancel

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析题。A选项postpone“延迟，延期”；B选项refuse“拒绝，回绝”；C选项delay“延期，推迟”；D选项cancel"取消，撤销，终止”。as引导的原因状语从句，句意是‘因为不能再等订货的送达，我们不得不取消订单。’所以D选项正确。

8.单选题

Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.

Thereports,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems.

Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.

Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountriesarebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.

RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerableregions.Dr.Pielkesaidtheclimatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmhecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed.”

However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.

Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.

1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?

3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?

4.WhatisSorenAdreasen’sviewofthereport?

5.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?

问题1选项

A.Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.

B.Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.

C.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.

D.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.

问题2选项

A.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.

B.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists

C.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.

D.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.

问题3选项

A.Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.

B.Itdeservesourclosetsattention.

C.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology

D.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated

问题4选项

A.Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.

B.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined

C.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.

D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.

问题5选项

A.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced

B.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards

C.Howemissionsofheattrappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalsale.

D.Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第一句，“Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum…”，可知全球人道主义论坛的一份报告显示，全球变暖每年导致30多万人死亡，造成大约1250亿美元的经济损失。可判断出全球人道主义论坛发现全球变暖导致疾病死亡率上升。因此选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。文章第一二段主要提到了人道主义论坛报告的具体内容，第三段提到了相关态度和评价。根据文章第三段，“…thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.”，可知这份报告招致了一些气候和风险专家的批评，他们对报告的方法和结论提出了质疑。可判断出这份报告受到了一些气候和风险专家的质疑。因此选项D符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第五段，“RogerPielkeJr….saidtheForum’sreportwas‘amethodologicalembarrassment…’”，可知皮尔克=表示，该论坛的报告存在“方法论的尴尬”。可判断出Dr.Pielke在方法论上是无效的。因此选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第六段，“…sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.”，可知SorenAdreasen认为这份报告的数据只是粗略估计，是针对世界各国领导人，他们将在于12月在哥本哈根举行会议，就一项新的国际气候条约进行谈判。可判断出Adreasen认为报告的粗略估计是为了引起世界领导人的注意。因此选项D符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.”，可知Annan强调，谈判需要把重点放在增加从富有地区流向贫困地区的资金问题上，以帮助他们降低面对气候灾害的脆弱性，同时减少温室气体的排放。可判断出KofiAnnan认为哥本哈根会议的重点应该放在富国如何才能更好地帮助贫困地区减少气候灾害的问题上。因此选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

Hedenied（

）tosendoutthesignalatexactly8p.m.

问题1选项

A.havingbeentelling

B.beingtold

C.tobetold

D.havingbeentold

【答案】D

【解析】deny后面一般接动名词,所以首先排除选项C,denied为过去式,所以被告知应该为过去完成且为被动语态,所以选项D正确。

10.问答题

Themuseumisclosedthisafternoon.(Thereis)

【答案】Thereisnomuseumavailablethisafternoon.

11.单选题

Notuntilshoutedatthetopofmyvoice（）hishead.

问题1选项

A.thatheturned

B.didheturn

C.hedidn’tturn

D.hehadturned

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒装句的用法。Notuntil放在句首时使用部分倒装——主句倒装，从句不倒装。选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

W:DoyoumindifItakeacoupleofhoursoffthisafternoon?

M:OK,butwhatfor?

Q:Whatisthewomanaskingfor?

问题1选项

A.Advice

B.Leave

C.Time

D.Reason.

【答案】B

【解析】题目中“takeacoupleofhoursoff”的意思是“请几个小时的假”，和B选项的“askforleave”意思相同，B选项正确。

13.单选题

Inmyopinion,youcanwidenthe（

）oftheseimprovementsthroughyouractiveparticipation.

问题1选项

A.dimension

B.volume

C.magnitude

D.scope

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。dimension尺寸；volume体积；magnitude大小；scope范围。句意：在我看来，你可以通过积极参与来扩大这些改进的范围。选项D更符合语境。

14.单选题

Notuntilthegamehadbegun（

）atthesportsground.

问题1选项

A.hadhearrived

B.wouldhehavearrived

C.didhearrive

D.shouldhehavearrived

【答案】C

【解析】语法（倒装结构和时态）题。Notuntil表示否定意义，位于句首时，主句部分需要部分倒装。从句中的谓语动词hadbegun为过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词为一般过去时，用来强调从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前，所以C选项正确。

15.翻译题

IfandwhensuchaleaguebecomesrealityinChina,itwillnodoubtbeoneofthehottestadvertisingplatformsinsports.Butadvertisersaren’twaitingforallthelogisticstogetworkedout—theywanttocashinonChina’shotfansnow.

HoustonhasbeenreapingthebenefitsofYao’smarketingpullforseveralyearsnow,butMilwaukeeisjuststartingtogetatasteofwhatYiJianlianhastooffer.ChinesecompanieslikePeakhavealreadythrownadvertisingdollarstheBucks’way.NowtheBucksarestartingtoseethecashflowtheotherdirectionasAmericancompaniesbeginusingthemtoadvertiseacrosstheocean.

ThisweektheMilwaukeeJournalSentinel（密尔瓦基新闻卫报）reportedthatMilwaukee-basedRockwellAutomationInc.hasbegunadvertisingcourtside（球场边缘区）duringBucks’games—inChinese.“We’redoingthissolelytotargetourChinesecustomers,”Rockwellspokes¬manJohnBemadentoldthepaper.Rockwell’sad,whichrollsacrossthescorers’tableduringeachgameformaybeaminuteofcumulativeexposure,costRockwellsixfigurestoplace.Butwithanestimated150millionpotentialcustomerswatchingeachBucksgameinChina,thepriceseemsmorethanworthit.

Thepaper’sreportsaystheBucksareseekingoutmoreChinese-languageadvertisers.AstheNBAgainssteaminChina,findingthemshouldnotbedifficult.

【答案】如果这一联盟在中国变为现实，那它无疑将成为体育界最热门的广告平台之一。但是广告商不会等待所有筹划准备工作完成，他们现在就想在中国狂热的篮球迷身上大赚一笔。

几年来，休斯敦依靠姚明的市场吸引力获利丰厚，但密尔沃基才刚刚尝到易建联带来的利润甜头。像匹克这样的中国公司已经开始将大笔的广告费投入到雄鹿队身上。现在雄鹿也开始看到美国的公司反过来利用它们在海外做广告。

本周，《密尔瓦基新闻卫报》报道说总部位于密尔瓦基的罗克韦尔自动化有限公司已经开始在雄鹿队比赛期间用中文在场边做广告。罗克韦尔的发言人约翰.博纳登告诉《密尔瓦基新闻卫报》说：“我们的广告就是针对中国客户的。”罗克韦尔公司的广告在每场比赛的记分牌旁滚动播出，大约累计一分钟就会花掉该公司六位数的费用。但据估计，有一亿五千万的中国潜在消费者观看雄鹿的比赛，这点广告费简直是物超所值。

该报还指出雄鹿正在寻找更多的中文的广告商。随着NBA在中国的崛起，想找到这样的人肯定不难。

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