2022年考研考博-考博英语-全国医学统考考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号44

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-全国医学统考考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

问题1选项

A.Todropherbusinessproposal.

B.Togivemoredetailsaboutherproposal.

C.Toweighlossesandgainsofthebusiness.

D.Tosubmittheproposalbeforethedeadline.

【答案】B

【解析】4.W:Wouldyouliketohearaboutmynewbusinessproposal?I’vebeenthinkingaboutitforalongtime.AndIthinkitcouldbereallyprofitabletostartexportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.

M:ExportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.Ithinkyouneedtoelaborate.

Q:Whatisthewomanaskedtodo?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：女士被要求做什么？由文中“ExportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.Ithinkyouneedtoelaborate.（出口3D医疗打印技术到中国，我想你还需要细化一下方案）”，可知B选项“Togivemoredetailsaboutherproposal.（要详细阐述一下她的建议）”符合原文。A选项“不考虑她的商业建议”；C选项“衡量企业的损益”；D选项“在截至日期之前提交提案”不符合原文。

2.单选题

TheremaybenobetterexampleofwhatismeantbypreventivemedicinethanthestrategyofVaccination.Ahealthypersonisgivenatinytasteofavirus—fluorpolio,say—that’stooweaktocauseillnessbutjustenoughtointroducethebodytothepathogen.Iftheviruslatershowsupforreal,theimmunesystemisprimedandwaitingforit.

That’sclosetohowacancervaccineworks,butnotprecisely.Mostexpertsseecancervaccinesasahybridoftreatmentandprevention.Whileit’struethattheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationhasapprovedvaccinesagainstcervicalandlivercancer,botharedesignedtofightthevirusesmostresponsibleforcausingthedisease,asopposedtotargetingcanceritself—humanpapillomavirus(HPV;人乳头瘤病毒)inthecaseofcervicalcancerandhepatitisBinthecaseoflivertumors.

Usingvaccinestopreventnonviralcancersinsomeonewhoisdisease-freeisawholedifferentmater.Foronething,it’smuchmoredifficulttodetermineaperson’schanceofdevelopingaparticulartypeofcancerthanitistodeterminethelikelihoodofbeingexposedto,say,theinfluenzavirusorchickenpox.Whatpassesfor“exposure”inthecaseofnonviralcancersisacombinationofgenesandenvironmentandarangeofotherXfactorsthatcanvaryfrompersontoperson.Howdoyouvaccinateagainstyourfamilylegacyofbreastcanceroryourconstantexposuretosecondhandcigarettesmoke?

Butthatdoesn’tmeantheimmunesystemcan’tbeexploitedinadifferentway.Cancervaccineswouldideallybeusedinpatientswhosediseasehasalreadybeendiagnosedandtreatedwithsurgery,chemotherapyorradiation.Theywouldthenbeimmunizedasawaytopreventthecancerfromcomingbackandspreading.Suchmetastasesareactuallytheleadingcauseofdeathfromcancer.“Thecharmofworkingwiththeimmunesystemisthatwecanusethebody’sowndefensemechanismstopossiblygettothatlastcancercelloratleastcreateasurveillancesystemthatkeepsthatcancerundercontrol,”saysanoncologist.

1.Thefirstparagraphismeanttodescribe（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueofvaccinesagainstcancer?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whyisitdifficulttousevaccinestopreventnon-viralcancers?

4.Fromthecontext,whatdoestheauthorsuggestbysaying“passesfor‘exposure’”?

5.Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.theevolutionofvaccination

B.themechanismofvaccination

C.thesignificanceofvaccination

D.thepopularizationofvaccination

问题2选项

A.Theyareboththerapeuticandpreventive.

B.Vaccinesagainstcervicalcanceralsoworkonlivercancer.

C.Vaccinescanreplaceothertherapeuticmodalitiesforcancer.

D.Theystrictlyfollowthemechanismoftraditionalvaccination.

问题3选项

A.Becausetoomanyfactorsmakeithardtodeterminethemaincauses.

B.Becausegeneticmakeupplaysadominantroleincancerdevelopment.

C.Becausethedevelopmentofsuchvaccinesrequiresenormousinvestment.

D.Becauseliteratureislimitedontheefficacyofvaccinesfornon-viralcancers.

问题4选项

A.The“exposure”inantiviralvaccinationandanticancervaccinationisdifferent.

B.The“exposure”incancervaccinationdoesnotproduceanylong-termeffect.

C.“Exposure”isauselessconceptwhencancerisgenetically-determined.

D.Constant“exposure”tosomethingmaymaketheexposureineffective.

问题5选项

A.vaccinationisabletopreventtheoccurrenceofcancer

B.cancervaccinesmayreplacetheconventionaltherapies

C.cancervaccinesmaycontrolthecancerrecurrencesandmetastases

D.vaccinationagainstcancerispossibleintheorybutalmostimpossibleinreality

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Thefirstparagraphismeanttodescribe（）.第一段是为了描述____。

A.theevolutionofvaccinationA.疫苗的发展

B.themechanismofvaccinationB.疫苗接种机制

C.thesignificanceofvaccinationC.接种疫苗的意义

D.thepopularizationofvaccinationD.疫苗接种的普及

【答案】B

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】根据出处提示词firstparagraph与题干信息可定位至原文第一段第一句“预防医学中，没有比疫苗注射策略更好的例子了”，推断第一段主要是向我们介绍疫苗注射后是如何起作用的，所以B选项“疫苗接种机制”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“疫苗的发展”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；

C选项“接种疫苗的意义”文中没有提及属于无中生有；

D选项“疫苗接种的普及”属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingistrueofvaccinesagainstcancer?关于癌症疫苗，下列哪项是正确的？

A.Theyareboththerapeuticandpreventive.A.它们既具有治疗作用又具有预防作用。

B.Vaccinesagainstcervicalcanceralsoworkonlivercancer.B.宫颈癌疫苗对肝癌也有效。

C.Vaccinescanreplaceothertherapeuticmodalitiesforcancer.C.疫苗可以替代癌症的其他治疗方式。

D.Theystrictlyfollowthemechanismoftraditionalvaccination.D.它们严格遵循传统的疫苗接种机制。

【答案】A

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第二段第二句“大多数专家认为癌症疫苗是治疗和预防的结合”，由此句可知A选项“它们既具有治疗作用又具有预防作用”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“宫颈癌疫苗对肝癌也有效。”，文中提到“这两种疫苗都是为了对抗引起疾病的主要病毒，而不是针对癌症”，所以该选项属于过度推断；

C选项“疫苗可以替代癌症的其他治疗方式。”，与原文意思不符，属于反向干扰；

D选项“它们严格遵循传统的疫苗接种机制。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,whyisitdifficulttousevaccinestopreventnon-viralcancers?根据文章，为什么使用疫苗来预防非病毒性癌症如此困难？

A.Becausetoomanyfactorsmakeithardtodeterminethemaincauses.A.因为太多的因素使得很难确定主要的原因。

B.Becausegeneticmakeupplaysadominantroleincancerdevelopment.B.因为基因组成在癌症发展中起着主导作用。

C.Becausethedevelopmentofsuchvaccinesrequiresenormousinvestment.C.因为开发这种疫苗需要巨大的投资。

D.Becauseliteratureislimitedontheefficacyofvaccinesfornon-viralcancers.D.因为文献对非病毒性癌症的疫苗疗效有限。

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第三段最后两句“在非病毒性癌症中，所谓的‘接触’是基因、环境和一系列因人而异的其他未知因素的结合。试问你如何接种疫苗来预防你的家族遗传性乳腺癌或抵制长期接触的二手烟？”推断非病毒性癌症致病的因素是一系列综合因素，无法通过接种疫苗来免疫。所以A选项“因为太多的因素使得很难确定主要的原因。”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“因为基因组成在癌症发展中起着主导作用。”，原文中只说家族遗传的很难用疫苗来预防，并未说其组成占主导地位，这里偷换概念；

C选项“因为开发这种疫苗需要巨大的投资。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；

D选项“因为文献对非病毒性癌症的疫苗疗效有限。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

Fromthecontext,whatdoestheauthorsuggestbysaying“passesfor‘exposure’”?从上下文来看，作者说“通行证是‘接触’”是什么意思？

A.The“exposure”inantiviralvaccinationandanticancervaccinationisdifferent.A.在抗病毒疫苗接种和抗癌疫苗接种中的“接触”是不同的。

B.The“exposure”incancervaccinationdoesnotproduceanylong-termeffect.B.癌症疫苗的“接触”不会产生任何长期的影响。

C.“Exposure”isauselessconceptwhencancerisgenetically-determined.C.当癌症是由基因决定的时候，“接触”是一个无用的概念。

D.Constant“exposure”tosomethingmaymaketheexposureineffective.D.持续地“接触”某些东西可能会使接触变得无效。

【答案】A

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干关键词“passesfor‘exposure’（通过‘接触’所传递的事物）”可将信息点定位至原文第三段倒数第二句“在非病毒性癌症中，所谓的‘接触’是基因、环境和一系列因人而异的其他未知因素的组合”，再结合本段第一句“使用疫苗来预防无病人的非病毒性癌症是完全不同的事情。”由这两句可知A选项“在抗病毒疫苗接种和抗癌疫苗接种中的‘接触’是不同的。”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“癌症疫苗的‘接触’不会产生任何长期的影响。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；

C选项“当癌症是由基因决定的时候，‘接触’是一个无用的概念。”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；

D选项“持续地‘接触’某些东西可能会使接触变得无效。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat（）.从最后一段我们可以得出结论____。

A.vaccinationisabletopreventtheoccurrenceofcancerA.接种疫苗可以预防癌症的发生

B.cancervaccinesmayreplacetheconventionaltherapiesB.癌症疫苗可能会取代传统疗法

C.cancervaccinesmaycontrolthecancerrecurrencesandmetastasesC.癌症疫苗可以控制癌症的复发和转移

D.vaccinationagainstcancerispossibleintheorybutalmostimpossibleinrealityD.接种癌症疫苗在理论上是可能的，但在现实中几乎是不可能的

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据提示词lastParagraph与题干信息可定位至原文最后一段第二、三句“理想情况下，癌症疫苗将用于那些已经通过手术、化疗或放疗进行诊断和治疗的患者。让他们形成免疫能力，以防止癌症复发和扩散。”由这两句可知C选项“癌症疫苗可以控制癌症的复发和转移”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“接种疫苗可以预防癌症的发生”，文中并没有说接种疫苗后就不会发生癌症，属于过度推断；

B选项“癌症疫苗可能会取代传统疗法”，文中只是说运用了疫苗这个方法，并没有说取代，属于过度推断；

D选项“接种癌症疫苗在理论上是可能的，但在现实中几乎是不可能的”，文中没有提及属于无中生有。

3.单选题

问题1选项

A.Animalabuseorcruelty.

B.Theevolutionofanimals.

C.Thehistoryofanimalhunting.

D.Anendangeredanimalspecies.

【答案】D

【解析】2.W:TheSiberiantigersarethelargestlivinganimalsinthecatfamily.Unfortunately,thereareonlyafewhundredalivenow.

M:Mygreatgrandfatherwasahunter,andheusedtohuntSiberiantigers.Ireallywishhehadn’t.

Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：这两个人在谈论什么？由文中“TheSiberiantigersarethelargestlivinganimalsinthecatfamily.Unfortunately,thereareonlyafewhundredalivenow.（西伯利亚虎是现存最大的猫科动物。不幸的是，现在只有几百只还活着。）”，可知他们在谈论的是“濒临灭绝的野生动物”，所以D选项“Anendangeredanimalspecies（一种濒临灭绝的动物）”符合原文。A选项“残酷的虐待动物”；B选项“动物的进化”；C选项“动物狩猎的历史”不符合原文。

4.单选题

4.

问题1选项

A.Fourdays.

B.Tendays.

C.Oneweek.

D.Twoweeks.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Well,Mr.Black,whatbroughtyoualongtoday?

M:I’vegotapaininmystomach.

W:Howlonghaveitbeenbotheringyou?

M:Afortnight.

Q:Howlonghastheman’sstomachache?

【解析】细节题。Afortnight的意思是十四日，两周。

5.单选题

问题1选项

A.WithDr.Smithat10onWednesday.

B.WithDr.Smithat10onTuesday

C.WithDr.Jonesat10onWednesday.

D.WithDr.Jonesat10onTuesday.

【答案】A

【解析】14.M:Ineedtocomeinandseethedoctor.IhavereallyitchyskinandthinkImayhavetohaveitlookedat.

W:IhopetimesavailableforTuesdayorWednesday,whichonewouldworkbestforyou?

M:IwanttocomeinonWednesday.

W:Icanfityouinonthatdayatten,doctorSmithorDoctorJonesisavailable.

M:IwouldpreferDoctorSmith.

Q:Whatistheman’sappointment?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：男士预约了什么？由文中“IwanttocomeinonWednesday.（我想星期三来。）”和“Icanfityouinonthatdayatten（我可以帮你预约那天上午10点。）”以及“IwouldpreferdoctorSmith.（我想约史密斯医生。）”，可知A选项“WithDr.Smithat10onWednesday.（周三上午10点史密斯医生。）”符合原文。

6.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.Hehasnocomplainsaboutdoctor.

B.Hewon’tcomplainanything.

C.Heisingoodcondition.

D.Hecouldn’tbeworse.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Howhaveyoubeenfeelingingeneral?

M:Nothingtocomplain,really.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】男士说：Nothingtocomplain（没什么好抱怨的），意思是情况还不错。

7.单选题

9.

问题1选项

A.Toasklocalpeopleforhelp.

B.TodoasRomansdoonlywheninRome.

C.Trytoactlikethepeoplefromthatculture.

D.Staywithyourcountryfellow.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Mostpeoplefeelcultureshockwhentravelingtoaforeignculture.

M:That’sforsure.ButtheyshoulddoasRomansdo.

Q:Accordingtotheman,whatarepeoplesupposedtodowhentravelingtoaforeignculture?

【解析】固定词组。男士说：ButtheyshoulddoasRomansdo。doasRomansdo的含义是“入乡随俗”。

8.单选题

16-20

问题1选项

A.Aduodenalulcer.

B.Stomachulcer.

C.AMouthulcer.

D.Askinulcer.

问题2选项

A.Haveanoperation.

B.Trymedicalmeans.

C.Seeapsychiatrist.

D.Beoffworkforawhile.

问题3选项

A.Overweight.

B.Smoking.

C.Heredity

D.Stress.

问题4选项

A.Heisalightsmoker.

B.Heisacasualsmoker.

C.Heisaheavysmoker.

D.Heisamoderatesmoker.

问题5选项

A.Stopsmoking.

B.Haveasurgery.

C.Eatregularlyandexercisemore.

D.MakeanappointmentwithDr.Oakes.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】W:Howareyounow?

M:Nottoogood.

W:Areyoustillgettingthepain?

M:Yes.

W:Well.TheX-raydoctorfoundirritabilityanddistortionoftheduodenumalthoughtherewasnoactualulcervisibleontheX-ray.(16)Thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatyouhavenoduodenalulcer.Wehavetodecidethebestwayoftreatingit.Therearetwoways:medicalandsurgical.(17)Inyoungpeople,wetrytoavoidoperationsandwehopethatmedicalmeanswillhelp.Now,youdidhaveaspellinhospitalanditdisappearedbutnowitstartedagain.Hasanyoneinyourfamilyhadanulcer?

M:Yes,myfatherhadonebutitclearedup.

W:Well,(18)thiscouldberelevantasulcersmayruninthefamily.Theotherfactorsofcoursearesmoking,worryandanxiety,irregularmealsorovertiredness,overworkandstress.Theseallwilleffectanulcer.Unfortunately，youhavealotofstressandworryathome,soIfeeldespiteyourbeingsoyoung,puttingyoutobedforafewweeksisn’tenough.I’dlikeyoutoseeMr.Oakes.Hehasagreatdealofexperiencewithulcers.Andifhefeelsanoperationistheanswer,Ithinkweshouldtakehisadvice.Now,haveyoumanagedtodoanythingaboutyoursmoking?

M:(19)Ismokeabout50aday.

W:Howoftendoyougetthepainnow?

M:Everyday.

W:Haveyoulosttimefromworkbecauseofit?

M:Yes.Nowadayshereandthere.

W:Well,(20)makeanappointmenttoseeMr.Oakes,andI'llwritetohimandtoyourdoctor.

M:Thankyou,doctor.

16.Whatisthemansufferingfrom?

【解析】细节题。根据医生描述，他遭受的是duodenalulcer（十二指肠溃疡）的痛苦。故选A。

17.Totreatthediseasementionedinthetalk,whatwouldthedoctorusuallysuggestayoungpatientdo?

【解析】细节题。医生说治疗溃疡通常有两种方式：手术方式和医疗方式。对于年轻人群，医生都建议避免手术，采用medicalmeans。故选B。

18.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasacontributingfactoroftheman’sdisease?

【解析】细节题。题目问哪一个不是造成该疾病可能的原因。医生提到了吸烟、遗传和压力，没有提及体重超重。

19.Whatcanwesayaboutthemanconsideringthenumberofcigaretteshesmokes?

【解析】细节题。男士说他每天抽50支烟，这一定是一个重度烟民。故选C。

20.Whatisthemangoingtodoaftertheconsultation?

【解析】细节题。医生建议病人要咨询Dr.Oakes，因为他对十二指肠溃疡治疗十分专业，应该听取他的意见。故选D。

9.单选题

13.

问题1选项

A.Whoopingcough,smallpoxandmeasles.

B.Whoopingcough,chickenpoxandmeasles.

C.Whoopingcough,smallpoxandGermanmeasles.

D.Whoopingcough,chickenpoxandGermanmeasles.

【答案】B

【解析】M:I’dliketoaskyouaboutyourpastmedicalhistory.Canyoutellmeifyouhadanychildhooddiseases?

W:WhenIwassmall,Ihadmeasles(麻疹),chickenpox(水痘)andwhoopingcough(百日咳).ButIdon’tthinkIeverhadGermanmeasles(风疹).

Q:Whatdiseasesdidthewomanhavewhenshewassmall?

【解析】细节题。女士小时候得过麻疹、水痘和百日咳。但没得过风疹。

10.单选题

问题1选项

A.Itsbenefits.

B.ltseffects.

C.ltsdisadvantages.

D.ltsusefulness.

问题2选项

A.lthelpstosimplifythetask.

B.ltmakestheclinicalinformationsystemsmorecomplex.

C.Itismoredifficultwithoutclinicalinformationsystem.

D.ltissimplertocarrythetaskout.

问题3选项

A.Theyareforcedtobebrief.

B.Theysavedoctor'stime.

C.Theytendtobelongbutmeaningless.

D.Theyarewelcomedbydoctors.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

【解析】第1题:对于临床信息系统，对话中的描述是“Complexclinicalinformationsystemsmakesimpletasksdifficulttocarryout（复杂的临床信息系统使得简单的任务难以执行）”，这是在说它的缺点，所以C选项正确。

第2题:这个女性提到医生对于这个软件的抱怨“Complexclinicalinformationsystemsmakesimpletasksdifficulttocarryout（复杂的临床信息系统使得简单的任务难以执行）”，说明这个软件其实使得临床信息系统更加复杂了，因此B选项正确。

第3题:最后一句说到“Thesenotesareoftenexcessivelylongandlackingmeaning（计算机生成的临床记录一般都很长而且毫无意义）”，因此C选项符合文意。

11.单选题

21-25

问题1选项

A.Heisamanwhohasageneoflongevity.

B.HeisaprofessoratBostonUniversity.

C.HeistheownerofthewebsiteT.

D.Heisthecreatorofawebsiteonlongevity.

问题2选项

A.Womendon'tlikeredmeatasmuchasmen.

B.Thehighestrogenlevelinwomenmakesthedifferences.

C.Womendevelopcardiovasculardiseasemuchlaterthanmen.

D.Theincidenceofcardiovasculardiseaseismuchlowerinwomen.

问题3选项

A.intheir50sand60s.

B.intheir60sand70s.

C.intheir70sand80s.

D.intheir80sand90s.

问题4选项

A.Calcium.

B.Lodine(骨关节炎).

C.Zinc.

D.Iron.

问题5选项

A.Thereasonwhyredmeatisharmfultohealth.

B.Thereasonwhyvegetarianfoodissopopular.

C.Anotherpossibilityforwomen'slongevity.

D.Theimportantroleironplaysincellularreactions.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】Acrosstheindustrializedworld,womenstilllive5to10yearslongerthanmen.Amongpeopleover100yearsold,85%arewomen,(21)accordingtoTomPerls,founderoftheNewEnglandCentenarianStudyatBostonUniversityandcreatorofthewebsiteL.Taskshimwhy.

Whydowomenlivelongerthanmen?

(22)Oneimportantreasonisthebigdelay—andadvantage—womenhaveovermenintermsofcardiovasculardisease,likeheartattackandstroke.(23)Womendeveloptheseproblemsusuallyintheir70sand80s,about10yearslaterthanmen

whodevelopthemintheir50sand60s.Foralongtime,doctorsthoughtthedifferencewasduetoestrogen.Butstudieshaveshownthatthismaynotbethecase,andnowweknowthatgivingestrogentowomenpost-menopausecanactuallybebadforthem.

Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE(24)(25)Onereasonforthatdelayinonsetofcardiovasculardiseasecouldbethatwomenarerelativelyiron-deficientcomparedtomen—especiallyyoungermen,thoseintheirlateteensandearly20s—becauseofmenstruation.Ironplaysanveryimportantpartinthereactionsinourcellsthatproducedamagingfreeradicals,whichglueontocellmembranesandDNA,andmaytranslateintoagingthecell.Infact,inourdiets,redmeatisthemainsourceofiron,andlackofironisprobablyonemajorreasonthatbeingvegetarianishealthyforyou.TherewasaverygoodstudylookingattheintakeofredmeatandheartdiseaseinLeidenintheNetherlands:inregionswherepeopledidn'teatredmeat,thosepopulationshadhalftherateofheartattackandstrokecomparedtothepopulationsthatdideatredmeat.

21.Accordingtothepassage,whatistrueaboutTomPerls,founderoftheNewEnglandCentenarianStudy?

【解析】细节题。此人是波士顿大学某个研究中心的，但并未说他是教授。故选D

22.AccordingtoTomPerls,whichofthefollowingmightbeanimportantreasonthatwomenlivelongerthanmen?

【解析】细节题。根据文中所述，女性比男性普遍寿命长的原因是女性患心脑血管疾病的年纪比男性晚。

23.Accordingtothepassage,whendomenusuallydevelopcardiovasculardisease?

【解析】细节题。文中说到女性通常在七八十岁时出现问题，比男性晚10年左右，而男性则在六七十岁时出现问题。

24.Comparedtomen,whichofthefollowingiswomenrelativelydeficientin?

【解析】细节题。文中说到女性因为例假造成铁元素缺乏。

25.Whatmightthenextparagraphdiscuss?

【解析】细节题。本文主题讲到oneofthereasons证明下文还要讲其它原因，故选C。

12.单选题

PassageTwo

问题1选项

A.1996.

B.1997.

C.2011.

D.2014.

问题2选项

A.Itsbenefitstohealth.

B.Itsimproperuseinsoftdrinks.

C.Theamountofcaffeine.

D.Theconsumptionofenergydrinks.

问题3选项

A.Ageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeine.

B.Otheringredientsalsomakeenergydrinksunsafe.

C.Caffeineinbeveragesgreatlyimprovesperformance.

D.Energydrinksareriskyforpeoplewithheartproblems.

问题4选项

A.Becausetheyareinsufficientlyinvestigated.

B.Becausetheyarenotjudgedasfairlyascoffeeortea.

C.Becausetheyaremorebeneficialthanharmfultokids.

D.Becausetheyarenottheprimarycaffeinesourcesforkids.

问题5选项

A.Strict.

B.Official.

C.Voluntary.

D.Compulsory.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】Energydrinks—wehearallthetimethatthey’rereallybadforus,especiallyforteens.Wealldrinkthemanyway.Soenergydrinksreallythatbad.First,let’srewindbackto1997.WhenRedBullbecamethefirstenergydrinktoreachthemarketintheUS.Sincethen,energydrinkslikeRedBullhavesky-rocketedinpopularity.Butthingsstartedgettingintensein2011.WhentheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsrecommendedthatchildrenshouldneverdrinkenergydrinks.Thereasonwhytheyweresoworried—caffeine.Thecaffeineisinatonofthingslikecoffee,tea,soda,andevenchocolate.Andthedangersofcaffeinereallyboileddowntohowmuchyouhave.Acupofcoffeeusuallyhasbetween90fiveto,200milligramsofcaffeine.So,foradults,theexpertsrecommendnomorethan400milligramsaday,andforkids,nomorethan100milligrams.Soalittlebitofcaffeine,probablynotthatbad,buthighdosescanbelethal.In2011,apaperpublishedinthejournalpediatricsreviewedtheeffectsofenergydrinksonchildren,adolescence,andyoungadults.Theresearchhasfoundthatageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeineandenergydrinkscouldbeespeciallyriskyforkidswithheartproblems.ADHBordiabetes.Giventheseconcerns,itmaycomeasnosurprisethatsomeplaceshavepushedforcompletelybanningthesalesofenergydrinkstoanyoneundertheageof18.Asfaraswecantell,thathasn’tpassedlocallyhereintheusbutin2014,Lithuaniabecamethefirstcountrytoactuallybanthesaleofenergydrinkstoanyoneundertheageof18.

Butnoteveryoneisafanoftheseideas.Somethinktheserestrictionsareunfair.Ifyouaren’tworriedaboutsellingcoffeeorteatokids,whysingleoutenergydrinks?SotheAmericanbeverageassociation,thetradegrouprepresentingmanyoftheseenergydrinks,cameupwithanotheridea—voluntaryguidelinesforlabelingenergydrinks.

26.WhendidenergydrinkfirstappearintheAmericanmarket?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：功能饮料第一次出现在美国市场是什么时候？由文中“First,let’srewindbackto1997.WhenRedBullbecamethefirstenergydrinktoreachthemarketintheUS.（首先让我们回到1997年。当‘红牛’成为第一款功能饮料投入美国市场）”，可知B选项“1997”符合原文。A选项“1996”；C选项“2011”；D选项“2014”不符合原文。

27.Whenitcomestocaffeine,whatseemstobetheissue?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：说到咖啡因，问题出在哪里？由文中“Thereasonwhytheyweresoworried—caffeine.Thecaffeineisinatonofthingslikecoffee,tea,soda,andevenchocolate.（他们如此担心的原因是咖啡因。咖啡因出现在很多东西，比如咖啡、茶、苏打甚至是巧克力里面）”以及“thedangersofcaffeinereallyboileddowntohowmuchyouhave.（咖啡因的危险其实在于我们摄入多少）”，可知C选项“Theamountofcaffeine.（咖啡因的量）”符合原文。A选项“对健康有好处”；B选项“在软饮料中使用不当”；D选项“能量饮料的消耗”不符合原文。

28.Whichofthefollowingfindingsisreportedinthejournalpediatrics?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：以下哪项发现被刊登在《儿科学》杂志上？由文中“Theresearchhasfoundthatageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeineandenergydrinkscouldbeespeciallyriskyforkidswithheartproblems.ADHBordiabetes.（研究发现，年龄影响身体对于咖啡因的反应，功能饮料对于孩子特别危险，可能导致心脏病，ADHB和糖尿病）”，可知A选项“Ageaffectsthebody’sresponsetocaffeine（年龄影响身体对于咖啡因的反应）”符合原文。B选项“其他成分也使能量饮料不安全”；C选项“饮料中的咖啡因大大提高了表现”D选项“能量饮料对有心脏问题的人有风险”不符合原文。

29.Whydosomedisagreewiththerestrictionsontheenergydrinkstokids?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：为什么有些人不同意对儿童能量饮料进行限制？由文中“Somethinktheserestrictionsareunfair.Ifyouaren’tworriedaboutsellingcoffeeorteatokids,whysingleoutenergydrinks?（一些人认为这些限制是不合理的。如果你不担心向儿童出售咖啡和茶饮料，为什么独独对功能饮料不排斥呢？）”，可知B选项“Becausetheyarenotjudgedasfairlyascoffeeortea.（因为他们不能将功能饮料与茶和咖啡相提并论）”符合原文。A选项“因为它们没有得到充分的调查”；C选项“因为它们对孩子是有益的而不是有害的”；D选项“因为它们不是孩子的主要咖啡因来源”不符合原文。

30.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethelabelingguidelinesfromtheAmericanbeverageassociation?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：以下哪一项能最好地描述美国饮料协会的标签指南？由文中“SotheAmericanbeverageassociation,thetradegrouprepresentingmanyoftheseenergydrinks,cameupwithanotheridea—voluntaryguidelinesforlabelingenergydrinks.（因此，美国饮料协会—代表功能饮料大多数企业的贸易组织产生了另一个想法—对于功能饮料标签自发制定指导标准）”，可知美国饮料协会制定的标签标准是C选项“voluntary（自发的）”符合原文。A选项“严格的”；B选项“正式的”；D选项“强迫的”不符合原文。

13.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.Vegetativepatientsaremoreaware.

B.Vegetativepatientsretainsomecontroloftheireyemovement.

C.EEGscansmayhelpuscommunicatewiththevegetativepatients.

D.Weusuallycommunicatewiththebrain-deadpeoplebybrain-wave.

问题2选项

A.Theleft-handsideofthebrain.

B.Theright-handsideofthebrain.

C.Thecentralpartofthebrain.

D.Thefrontpartofthebrain.

问题3选项

A.31

B.6

C.4

D.1

问题4选项

A.Thepatientwasbrain-dead.

B.Thepatientwasn’tbrain-dead.

C.Thepatienthadsomecontroloverhiseyemovements.

D.Thepatientknewthemovementheorshewasmaking.

问题5选项

A.Thepatientisnotechnicallyvegetative.

B.Thepatientcancommunicateinsomeway.

C.Wecantrainthepatientofspeak.

D.Thefamilymembersanddoctorscanprovidebettercare.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】(26)Brainwavescannersmightmakeitpossibletocommunicatewithpeoplewhoareconsideredbrain-dead,accordingtoanewstudyreportedintheEconomist.

Acoupleofrecentstudieshaveshownthatasmallminorityofvegetativepatientsmightbemoreawarethantheyseem.Now,DamienCruse,withtheMedicalResearchCouncilsCognitionandBrainSciencesUnitinCambridge,UK,thinksEEGmachineswillbeabletohelpthesepatientscommunicate.

Theteamasked6healthyvolunteerstowearEEGdevices,whichconnectelectrodestoaperson’shead.Theywereaskedtorespondtoanaudibletonebyimaginingthattheyweresqueezingtheirrighthandsorwigglingthetoesofbothfeet.(27)Theresearchersfoundthatthevolunteers’brainresponseswereclearlydifferent-thehand-squeezingactivatedtheleft-handsideofthebrain,andthetoewigglingproducedaresponseinthecenterofthebrain.

Thentheytestedtheprocedureonapatientwithlocked-insyndrome,whowasalmostcompletelyparalyzedbutretainssomecontrolofhiseyemovements.Hisbrainresponseswerethesame.Finally,(29)theytestedtheprocedureonapatientwhohadbeendeclaredvegetative2yearsearlier.TheywatchedtheEEGsignalsandwereabletodeducewhichmovementthepatientwasimagining.

(28)Thesameteamhadstudied23vegetativepatientsover4yearsandfound4patientswereabletoconsistentlyrespondtoyes-or-noquestionsbychangingtheirbrainactivity.Theywereaskedtoimagineplayingtenniswhentheywantedtogiveoneresponse,orwalkingaroundthehousewhentheywantedtogivetheother.

(30)Sincethepatientswereresponsive,they’renottechnicallyvegetative,theresearcherssay.Proofthattheycancommunicatethatthey’renotbrain-deadwouldhavemajorimplicationsforfamilymembers’anddoctors’decisionsabouttheircare.

26.Whatdoesthistalkmainlytellus?

【解析】文章提到：脑波扫描可能使得人们与脑死亡病人交流成为可能。故选C。

27.Forthe6healthyvolunteers,whichpartofthebraindidthehand-squeezingimaginationactivate?

【解析】根据文章可知实验结果大为不同：攥拳头激发了大脑的左半部，而动脚趾激发了大脑的中部。故选A。

28.Ofthe23vegetativepatients,howmanywerefoundtobeabletoconsistentlyrespondtoyesor-noquestions?

【解析】原文信息是…studied23vegetativepatients...found4patientswereabletoconsistentlyrespondtoyes-or-noquestionsbychangingtheirbrainactivity，即参加实验的23个植物人病人中有4个被发现对问题有持续反应。故选C。

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudyonthepatientdeclaredvegetative2yearsearlier?

【解析】根据文章描述，研究者通过EEG信号观察，那些两年前被诊断为植物人的病人，即可以知道病人在想些什么，证明那些是有大脑活动的，并不是真正的脑死亡。故选B。

30.WhenEEGsignalsindicatethatavegetativepatientisresponsive,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

【解析】通过对第26题与第29题的解答，可知A和B选项的表述正确。文章最后提到这一研究结果对于家属和医生护理有很好的的借鉴意义，所以D项正确。文章没有提到C项。

14.单选题

10.

问题1选项

A.Themanisworkingtoohard.

B.Themanneedstothinkitover.

C.Themanissupposedtofindajob.

D.Themanhasmadearightdecision.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Takingalongview,I’mleavingthecompany.

W:Why?

M:Ioftenhavetooverworkwhichwilldoharmtomyhealth.

W:Butthejobmarketisverytight,youknow.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】推断题。男