英语句子成分英语句子结构讲解练习

英语句子成分和英语句子构造解说及练习

主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。

Thesunrisesintheeast（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.

（动名词）

Toseeistobelieve（.不定式）Whatheneedsisabook（.主语从句）

Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.

（It形式主语，主语从句是真实主语）

(一）指出以下句中主语的中心词

Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Thereisanoldmancominghere.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或许动词词组担当，放在主语的后边。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词表（predicative）：系今后的成分，表示主的性、状和特色。Heisateacher.（名）Seventy-four!Youdon’titlook.（代）Fiveandfiveisten.（数）Heisasleep.（形容）Hisfatherisin.（副）Thepictureisonthewall.(介短)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容化的分）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表从句）（常的系有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（起来）,taste（、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感）⋯⋯Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.(三)挑出以下句中的表①

Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.

②

WhyisheworriedaboutJim③Terestedinthesubject.

oon④TheySallbecame⑤

Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或许代词担当。放在及物动词或许介词今后。如：IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）HowmanydoyouneedWeneedtwo.（数词）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.(四)挑出以下句中的宾语Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.HowmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclassSomeofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere（.名词）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）(五)挑出以下句中的宾语补足语Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow6.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher（.名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson（.形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.介(词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell（.不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）(六)挑出以下句中的定语TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.WhatisyourgivennameOnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地址、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和退步。（以下例句按上述次序排列）’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.(七)挑出以下句中的状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.Didheleaveanymessageforme参照答案(一)①teacher②man③dictionary④Todo(二)①B②A③C④A⑤C(三)①tired②worried③yellow④interested⑤first(四)①hishomework②English③yourpronunciation④newwords⑤togoswimming(五)①toreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room②totaketheboyoutofschool③

Lily

④

getonthebus

⑤

playingfootballtheonplayground(六)

①

family

②

given

③

third