2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号38

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

（

）youcomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.

问题1选项

A.Had

B.if

C.when

D.should

【答案】A

【解析】句意:如果你昨天来了，就可以见到他了。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。此句是对过去的虚拟,从句要用过去完成时。Hadyoucomeyesterday=ifyouhadcomeyesterday。

2.单选题

I’msorry（

）solong.IforgottotellyouinadvancewhereIhadbeen.

问题1选项

A.tokeepyouwait

B.tokeepyouwaiting

C.tokeepyouwaited

D.tohavekeptyouwaiting

【答案】D

【解析】句意我抱歉让你等了这么久。我忘记提前告诉你我在哪里了。

语法题。考查完成时态。由句中关键词“IforgottotellyouinadvancewhereIhadbeen我忘记提前告诉你我在哪里了”可知“你等了这么久”这个事情发生在过去的过去，故这里应该用完成时态，由此知D项“tohavekeptyouwaiting”正确。

3.单选题

Tohim,NewYorkwasaplace（

）broughtbacktomindpainfulmemories.

问题1选项

A.where

B.inwhich

C.that

D.there

【答案】C

【解析】句意:于他而言，纽约是一个有痛苦记忆的地方。

语法题。考查定语从句。先行词为Place,在主句中作表语,所以定语从句中关系词用that。

4.单选题

Theboxer（

）andalmostfellwhenhisopponenthithim.

问题1选项

A.staggered

B.shattered

C.scattered

D.stamped

【答案】A

【解析】句意:当被对手打中的时候，拳击手摇摇晃晃，差点摔倒了。

动词辨析。stagger摇摇晃晃地走,蹒跚;shatter（使）破碎，碎裂;scatter散开，驱散;stamp跺(脚),重踩。故A符合句意。

5.单选题

Hetoldmethatthenumberofstudentsattendingthemeeting（

）over100.

问题1选项

A.are

B.were

C.is

D.was

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他告诉我参加会议的学生人数超过了100人。

语法题。考查主谓一致。此句为宾语从句。宾语从句的主语为thenumber,因此其谓语动词应该用单数形式。而且主句的时态为一般过去时,所以宾语从句时态与主句保持一致。故选D。

6.单选题

Einsteindiscoveredthelawsthatgoverntheuniverse,notinalaborinan（

）,butatthedeskinhisstudy.

问题1选项

A.orchard

B.orbit

C.observatory

D.outlet

【答案】C

【解析】句意:爱因斯坦不是在实验室或者天文台发现了宇宙的规律，而是在他的书房的桌子上。

名词辨析。Orchard果园，果树林;orbit轨道，眼眶;observatory天文台,气象台;outlet出口，排放孔。空格应该与or连接的lab(实验室)并列,故选C。

7.单选题

Stressfulenvironmentleadstounhealthybehaviorssuchaspooreatinghabits,which（

）,increasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandheartdisease.

问题1选项

A.bychance

B.inturn

C.byfortune

D.incase

【答案】B

【解析】句意:有压力的环境导致如不好的饮食习惯这样的不健康的行为，依次增加高血压和心脏病的风险。

短语辨析。Bychance偶然，意外;inturn轮流,依次;byfortune幸运;incase万一,假如.。故B符合句意。

8.单选题

Awordprocessorismuchbetterthanatypewriterinthatitenablesyoutoenterand（

）yourtextmoreeasily.

问题1选项

A.register

B.edit

C.propose

D.discharge

【答案】B

【解析】句意:文字信息处理机比打字机好得多，因为它能使你更容易地输入和编辑文本。

动词辨析。Register登记，注册;edit编辑，校对;propose建议，打算;discharge排放，解雇。因此B符合句意。

9.单选题

（

）quantitiesofwaterarebeingusednowadayswiththerapiddevelopmentofindustryandagriculture.

问题1选项

A.Excessive

B.Extensive

C.Extreme

D.Exclusive

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如今，随着工农业快速发展水的消耗很大。

形容词辨析。Excessive过多的，过分的;Extensive广泛的，大量的;Extreme极端的;exclusive独有的，排外的。因此B符合句意。

10.单选题

Thefitnessmovementthatbeganinthelate1960sandearly1970scenteredaroundaerobicexercise.Millionsofindividualsbecameengagedinavarietyofaerobicactivities,andliterallythousandsofhealthspasdevelopedaroundthecountrytocapitalizeonthisemerginginterestinfitness,particularlyaerobicdancingforfemales.Anumberoffitnessspasexistedpriortothisaerobicfitnessmovement,evenanationalchainwithspasinmostmajorcities.However,theirfocuswasnotonaerobics,butratheronweight-trainingprogramsdesignedtodevelopmuscularmass,strength,andenduranceintheirprimarilymaleenthusiasts.Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefitfinanciallyfromtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprogramsofferedfew,ifany,healthbenefits.Inrecentyears,however,weighttraininghasagainbecomeincreasinglypopularformalesandforfemales.Manycurrentprogramsfocusnotonlyondevelopingmuscularstrengthandendurancebutonaerobicfitnessaswell.

Historically,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarilybecausesuchfitnesscomponentshavebeenrelatedtoperformanceinathletics.However,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilytoimprovemuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealthbenefitsaswell.TheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicinenowrecommendsthatweighttrainingbepartofatotalfitnessprogramforhealthyAmericans.IncreasedparticipationinsuchtrainingisoneofthespecificphysicalactivityandfitnessobjectivesofHealthyPeople2000:NationalHealthPromotionandDiseasePreventionObjectives.

1.Theword"spas"(Line3,Para.1)mostprobablyrefersto（

）.

2.Earlyfitnessspaswereintendedmainlyfor

（

）.

3.Whatwastheattitudeofdoctorstowardsweighttraininginhealthimprovement?

4.Peopleweregivenphysicalfitnesstestsinordertofindout

（

）.

5.Recentstudieshavesuggestedthatweighttraining（

）.

问题1选项

A.sportsactivities

B.placesforphysicalexercise

C.recreationcenters

D.athletictrainingprograms

问题2选项

A.thepromotionofaerobicexercise

B.enduranceandmusculardevelopment

C.theimprovementofwomen'sfigures

D.betterperformanceinaerobicdancing

问题3选项

A.Positive.

B.Indifferent

C.Negative

D.Cautious

问题4选项

A.howwelltheycoulddoinathletics.

B.whattheirhealthconditionwaslike

C.whatkindoffitnesscenterwassuitableforthem

D.whethertheywerefitforaerobicexercise

问题5选项

A.hasbecomeanessentialpartofpeople'slife

B.maywellaffectthehealthofthetrainees

C.willattractmorepeopleinthedaystocome

D.contributestohealthimprovementsaswell

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义题。"spas"所在句为::Millionsofindividualsbecameengagedinavarietyofaerobicactivities,andliterallythousandsofhealthspasdevelopedaroundthecountrytocapitalizeonthisemerginginterestinfitness...(随着上百万人投入到有氧操运动中，数以千计的healthspas在全国内发展开来，企图在这场健身热潮中获利)。因此spas应该指某场所,排除A、D。而文章讨论的主题是健身运动而不是娱乐休闲，故答案选项为B项“健身锻炼场所”。

2.细节事实题。第一段指出:theirfocuswasnotonaerobics,butratheronweight-trainingprogramsdesignedtodevelopmuscularmass,strength,andenduranceintheirprimarilymaleenthusiasts(他们关注的不是有氧运动，而是旨在培养男性爱好者肌肉质量、力量和耐力的重量训练项目),这里的their指的早期健身场所。因此选B“耐力和肌肉发育”。

3.观点态度题。文章指出:Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefitfinanciallyfromtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprogramsofferedfew,ifany,healthbenefits(这些健身场所井没有从这场热潮中获得很好的经济收益因为医学观点认为，体重训练项目对健康的益处很少（就算有的话）)。由此可见，医学观点（也就是医生的观点）对weighttraining的态度应该是非常消极的，可以选择C。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词physicalfitnesstests定位至最后一段:Historically,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarilybecausesuchfitnesscomponentshavebeenrelatedtoperformanceinathletics(过去，多数健康测试通常包含肌肉力量和耐力项目，这不是出于对健康的考虑，而是因为这些因素与体育竞技成绩相关),因此选A“了解他们在体育竞技中能获得怎样的成绩”。

5.细节事实题。第二段指出:However,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilytoimprovemuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealthbenefitsaswell(然而最近有证据表明，主要用来提升肌肉力量和耐力的训练项目对健康也是有好处的)。因此选D“负重训练对健康也是有好处的”。

11.单选题

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtothe

irreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.

“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”

GiovanniPannigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”

1.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that（

）.

2.Thephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

3.GiovanniPannigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay（

）.

4.TheauthorholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

问题1选项

A.Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess

B.journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks

C.fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis

D.lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects

问题2选项

A.found

B.revised

C.marked

D.stored

问题3选项

A.poseathreattoallitspeers

B.meetwithstrongopposition

C.increaseScience’scirculation

D.setanexampleforotherjournals

问题4选项

A.addstoresearchers’workload

B.diminishestheroleofreviewers

C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement

D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture

问题5选项

A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers

B.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

C.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’Desks

D.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段中:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings(《科学》杂志的主编MarciaMcNutt今天宣布该杂志正在为自身的同行评议过程增加一轮额外的统计检查。在人们广泛担心数据分析的基本错误正导致很多出版的研究发现不能再生产之后，《科学》杂志的该政策跟随了其它杂志的类似努力)。由此可知B项“各类杂志正在强化自身的统计检查”正确。

2.语义题。根据题干定位至第二段:Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.(杂志的内部编辑、现有的审稿委员会或外部同行审稿人将对Manu进行进一步的审查),由此可知“flagup”有“标出；指出”的意思，故C项“被标记”正确。

3.细节事实题。最后一段:ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience(这个影响不仅通过《科学》杂志本身的出版物来产生，而且希望通过大量的出版机构来产生影响，这些机构可能想去模仿《科学》杂志的方式)。由此可知D项“为其它杂志树立榜样”正确。

4.推理判断题。第一段支出:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityof,manypublishedresearchfindings(《科学》杂志的主编MarciaMcNutt今天宣布该杂志正在为自身的同行评议过程增加一轮额外的统计检查。在人们广泛担心数据分析的基本错误正导致很多出版的研究发现不能再生产之后，《科学》杂志的该政策跟随了其它杂志的类似努力),由此可推知C项“有进一步改善的空间”正确。

5.主旨大意题。全文中心句出现在第一段:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings(《科学》杂志的主编MarciaMcNutt今天宣布该杂志正在为自身的同行评议过程增加一轮额外的统计检查。在人们广泛担心数据分析的基本错误正导致很多出版的研究发现不能再生产之后，《科学》杂志的该政策跟随了其它杂志的类似努力),由此可推知A项“《科学》杂志在论文方面加入审査统计数据的行列”比较适合作标题。

12.单选题

PitythosewhoaspiretoputtheinitialsPhDaftertheirnames.After16yearsofcloselysupervisededucation,prospectivedoctorsofphilosophyareleftmoreorlessalonetowritetheequivalentofalargebook.Mostsocial-sciencepostgraduateshavestillnotcompletedtheirthesesbythetimetheirgrantrunsoutafterthreeyears.Theymustthengetajobandfinishintheirsparetime,whichcanoftentakeafurtherthreeyears.Bythen,mostnewdoctorsaresicktodeathofthenarrowlydefinedsubject,whichhasblightedtheirholidaysandminedtheirevenings.

TheEconomicandSocialResearchCouncil,whichgivesgrantstopostgraduatesocialscientists,wantstogetbettervalueformoneybycuttingshortthisagony.Itwouldliketoseefastercompletionrates:untilrecently,onlyabout25%ofPhDcandidateswerefinishingwithinfouryears.TheESRC’sresponsehasbeentostopPhDgrantstoallinstitutionswheretheproportiontakinglessthanfouryearsisbelow10%;inthefirstyearofthispolicythenationalaverageshotupto39%.TheESRCfeelsvindicatedinitstoughness,andwillprogressivelyraisethethresholdto40%intwoyears.Unlesscompletionratesimprovefurther,thiswouldexclude55outof73universitiesandpolytechnics-includingOxfordUniversity,theLondonSchoolofEconomicsandtheLondonBusinessSchool.

Predictably,howlsofprotesthavecomefromtheuniversities,whoviewtheblacklistingofwholeinstitutionsasarbitraryandnegative.Theypointoutthatmanyofthebeststudentsgoquicklyintojobswheretheycanapplytheirresearchskills,butconsequentlytakelongertofinishtheirtheses.PolytechnicswithasfewastwoPhDcandidatescomplainthattheyarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance.Thecollegessaythereisnohardevidencetoprovethatfastercompletionratesresultfromgreaterefficiencyratherthanlowerstandardsorlessambitiousdoctoraltopics.

TheESRCthinksitmightnotbeabadthingifPhDstudentsweremoremodestintheiraims.Itwouldprefertoseemoresystematicteachingofresearchskillsandfewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedonyoungmenandwomenwhoareundertakingtheirfirstpieceofseriousresearch.Soinfutureitsgrantswillbegivenonlywhereitisconvincedthatstudentsarebeingtrainedasresearchers,ratherthancarryingoutpurelyknowledge-basedstudies.

TheESRCcannotdictatethestandardofthesisrequiredbyexternalexaminers,orforcedepartmentstogivegraduatesmoreteachingtime.Themostitcandoistotrytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways.Recalcitrantprofessorsshouldnotethatstudentswantmoreresearchtrainingandalesselaboratestyle,ofthesis,too.

1.Bythetimenewdoctorsgetajobandtrytofinishtheirthesesinsparetime（

）.

2.OxfordUniversitywouldbeexcludedoutofthoseuniversitiesthatreceivePhDgrantsfromESRC,becausethecompletionrateofitsPhDstudents’theseswithinfouryearsislowerthan

（

）.

3.AllthefollowingstatementsaretheargumentsagainstESRC’spolicyexcept

（

）.

4.TheESRCwouldprefer（

）.

5.WhattheESRCcandoisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.mostofthemdiedofsomesickness

B.theirholidaysandeveningshavebeenruinedbytheirjobs.

C.mostofthemarecompletelytiredofthenarrowlydefinedsubject

D.mostoftheirgrantsrunout.

问题2选项

A.25%

B.40%

C.39%

D.10%

问题3选项

A.alltheinstitutionsontheblacklistarearbitraryandnegative.

B.thereisnohardevidencetoprovethatfastercompletionratesresultfromgreaterefficiencyratherthanlowerstandardsorlessambitiousdoctoraltopics.

C.manyofthebeststudentsgoquicklyintojobswheretheycanapplytheirresearchskills,butconsequentlytakelongertofinishtheirtheses.

D.somepolytechnicsarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance.

问题4选项

A.thatthestudentswerecarryingoutpurelyknowledge-basedstudiesratherthanbeingtrainedasresearchers.

B.toseehigherstandardsofPhDstudents’thesesandmoreambitiousdoctoraltopics.

C.moresystematicteachingofresearchskillstofewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedoninexperiencedyoungPhDstudents.

D.thatPhDstudentswerelessmodestintheiraims.

问题5选项

A.forcedepartmentstogivegraduatesmoreteachingtime

B.trytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways

C.dictatethestandardofthesisreacquiredbyexternalexaminers

D.notethatstudentswantmoreresearchtrainingandlesselaboratestyleofthesis

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词newdoctors定位至第一段:Bythen,mostnewdoctorsaresicktodeathofthenarrowlydefinedsubject,whichhasblightedtheirholidaysandminedtheirevenings(到那吋候，新一批将要毕业的博士生就会对狭隘的论文主题感到极其厌倦，并且这样的论文会毁掉他们的假期，占据他们的夜晚)。因此C项“他们中的大部分都彻底厌倦了狭隘的论文主题”正确。

2.细节事实题。据题干关键词OxfordUniversity定位至第二段:TheESRCfeelsvindicatedinitstoughness,andwillprogressivelyraisethethresholdto40%intwoyears.Unlesscompletionratesimprovefurther,thiswouldexclude55outof73universitiesandpolytechnics—includingOxfordUniversity...(经济与社会研究委员会觉得自己的坚持被证明是正确的，于是准备在接下来的两年内将毕业率门槛提升至40%,如果不提升毕业率，那么73所大学和专科学院中有55所院校将不能获得补贴，其中包括牛津大学……)。由此可知如果牛津大学博士生的毕业率低于40%的话，将得不到补贴。故选B。

3.判断推理题。四个选项都能在第三段中找到原话,但是PolytechnicswithasfewastwoPhDcandidatescomplainthattheyarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance(只有两个在读博士生的科技专科院校抱怨说学生成绩的不稳定性让他们很被动)这部分不针对ESRC政策。故选D。

4.细节事实题。第四段指出:Itwouldprefertoseemoresystematicteachingofresearchskillsandfewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedonyoungmenandwomenwhoareundertakingtheirfirstpieceofseriousresearch(更愿意看到对参与第一项严肃研究的青年男女进行更系统的研究技能教学，减少不切实际的期望),因此C项“更系统地教授研究技能，减少对缺乏经验的年轻博士生的不切实际的期望”正确。根据第四段中的Soinfutureitsgrantswillbegivenonlywhereitisconvincedthatstudentsarebeingtrainedasresearchers,ratherthancarryingoutpurelyknowledge-basedstudies(因此，在未来，只有在确定学生接受研究人员培训，而不是进行纯粹的基于知识的研究时，才会发放助学金)可知选项A意思表示刚好与原文相反；根据文章第四段中的TheESRCthinksitmightnotbeabadthingifPhDstudentsweremoremodestintheiraims(ESRC认为，如果博士生在目标上更加谦虚，这可能不是一件坏事。)可知选项D与原文意思相反，并且根据原文关键词modestintheiraims可知选项B也与原文意思相反。

5.细节事实题。文章最后一段指出:TheESRCcannotdictatethestandardofthesisrequiredbyexternalexaminers,orforcedepartmentstogivegraduatesmoreteachingtime(ESRC不能规定外部考官要求的论文标准，也不能强迫各部门给毕业生更多的教学时间)，故A和C错误。根据Themostitcandoistotrytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways(它最能做到的就是试图说服大学改变他们的方式)可知选项B正确；而根据最后一句话Recalcitrantprofessorsshouldnotethatstudentswantmoreresearchtrainingandalesselaboratestyle,ofthesis,too(固执的教授应该意识到学生们也需要更多的研究培训和不那么复杂的论文风格)可知选项D是Recalcitrantprofessors“固执的教授”应该做的而不是ESRC，所以选项D也不对，故答案选项为B。

13.单选题

Politicallythesenationstendtobe（

），withveryhighbirthratesbutpooreducationandverylowlevelsofliteracy.

问题1选项

A.unstable

B.reluctant

C.rational

D.unsteady

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这些国家出生率很高而教育和文化水平低下，所以政治上不稳定。

形容词辨析。Unstable不稳定的,不牢固的;reluctant不情愿的，勉强的;rational合理的，理性的;unsteady不安定的，反复无常的。因此A符合句意。

14.单选题

Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe（

）impossibletocomprehend.

问题1选项

A.hadfound

B.finds

C.hasfound

D.wouldfind

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这位学生称自己觉得这篇文章中有几点难以理解。

语法题。考查过去完成吋态。句中“said”表示一般过去时,句中后面的动作发生在过去的过去，故使用过去完成时态的A项“hadfound”正确。

15.翻译题

PleasetranslatethefollowingtenEnglishsentencesintoChinese.

Withahistoryofmorethan5,000years,Chinaisoneoftheoldestancientcivilizationsoftheworld.

Chinawasdividedforshortperiodsofitshistory,withdifferentregionsbeingruledbydifferentgroups.

FromXiaDynastyinthe21stcenturyBCtoQingDynasty,Chinaexperienceddozensofdynastiesinhistory.

Eachdynastyachieveduniqueaccomplishmentsinthefieldsofpolities,economy,culture,scienceandtechnology,etc.

HanDynastywasthemostadvancedempireatthattime,whichcontributestotheformationofthename“theHanNationality”.

TangDynastyimpressedChineseforitslongtimeunificationandpowerfulnationalstrength,becauseofwhichoverseasChinesecallthemselves“Tangpeople”abroad.

SongDynastyandMingDynastywereperiodswheneconomy,culture,educationandsciencewerehighlyprosperous.

Butthechangefromonedynastytoanotherusuallyledtolong-lastingwars,whichbroughtunspeakablesufferingforthemasses.

On1October1949,MaoZedongproclaimedthePeople’sRepublicofChina.

MaoistthoughtwaswidelyappliedastheguidingpoliticalandmilitaryideologyoftheCommunistPartyofChina.

【答案】中国有5000多年的历史，是世界最古老的文明之一。

历史上，中国在短期内被划分为多个部分，并且不同的区域由不同的群体管辖。

从公元前21世纪的夏朝开始至清朝结束，中国历史上经历过几十个朝代的变更。

每个朝代在政治、经济、文化和科学技术等领域都有独特的成就。

汉朝是当时世界上最先进的帝国,“汉族”这一名称就得名于汉朝。

唐朝因统一时间长、国力强盛而被国人铭记，因此在海外的中国人自称为“唐人”。

宋朝和明朝是经济、文化、教育与科学高度繁荣的时代。

但朝代的更替一般会导致连年战争，给人民大众带来了难以言表的痛苦。

1949年10月1曰，毛泽东宣布中华人民共和国的成立。

毛泽东思想作为中国共产党的政治和军事指导思想被广泛应用。

16.单选题

ItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliam（

）hisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties.

问题1选项

A.willcontinue

B.continued

C.continue

D.continues

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管有着一些学习困难，但是威廉却完全有必要继续自己的学习。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。It’s+形容词（essential,necessary,important等）+从句（谓语是shoulddo,其中should可以省略）。由句中关键词“Itisabsolutelyessentialthat完全有必要”可知C项“continue”正确。

17.单选题

Thediversityoftropicalplantsintheregionrepresentsaseemingly（

）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.

问题1选项

A.inexhaustible

B.exploited

C.remarkable

D.controversial

【答案】A

【解析】句意:该地区多种多样的热带植物说明这里有取之不尽的原材料，而只有少量被利用。

形容词辨析。Inexhaustible无穷无尽的;exploited被开发的;remarkable异常的，非凡的;controversial有争议的。故A符合句意。

18.单选题

Don’tbothertoarrangeameal,becausewehavejusthadlunchandabletoeatanything（

）

问题1选项

A.neitherhenorIare

B.neitherhenorIis

C.neitherInorheis

D.neitherhenorIam

【答案】D

【解析】句意:不用费心再安排一顿饭了，我们刚吃过午饭，我们都吃不下了。

语法题。考查主谓一致。neither..nor..，either...or..,notonly...butalso...都是就近原则，也就是谓语动词和最近的主语保持数或者谓语动词的一致，故排除A项和B项。英语中同时有第三人称和第一人称时,一般第一人称放后面,故选D。

19.单选题

Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:“storeintherefrigerator.”

Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplusbreadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearsonfooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.

Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted—naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...

Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing-marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.

Consequently,mostoftheworld’sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumawaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificially-cooledspaceinsideanartificiallyheatedhouse-whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.

Thefridge’seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon’tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabinetandturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymissthehamburgers,butatleastyou’llgetridofthatterriblehum.

1.Thestatement“Inmybridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.”(Para.2)suggeststhat（

）.

2.Whydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?

3.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whichofthefollowingphrasesinthefifthparagraphindicatesthefridge’snegativeeffectontheenvironment?

5.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardfridges?

问题1选项

A.theauthorwaswell-fedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfifties

B.theauthorwasnotaccustomedtousefridgeseveninhisfifties.

C.therewasnofridgeintheauthor’shomeinthe1950s

D.thefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950s

问题2选项

A.Peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary.

B.Foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimeaweek.

C.Foodwassoldfreshanddidnotgetrotteneasily

D.Peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood

问题3选项

A.Inventors.

B.Consumers.

C.Manufacturers.

D.Travelingsalesmen

问题4选项

A.“Humawaycontinuously”

B.“Climaticallyalmostunnecessary”

C.“Artificially-cooledspace”

D.“Withmildtemperatures”

问题5选项

A.Neutral.

B.Critical.

C.Objective

D.Compromising

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily句意为“我的童年吋期没有冰箱，但我还是吃得不错而且吃得很健康”之后的部分讲到虽然没有冰箱但也没有出现食物浪费和食物腐烂的情况，由此可知第二段的首句话是为了说明虽然那时候没有冰箱，作者也生活的很好，即选项A。

2.判断推理题。第二段指出:送牛奶的人每天都来，杂货商、屠夫、面包师和卖冰淇淋的人—周来送货两到三次。肉可以从星期天一直吃到周三，剩余的面包和牛奶将变成各种各样的小点心。任何东西都不会被浪费，而且我们从不会为了腐烂的食物而烦恼。因此可知在冰箱发明之前不会有东西的浪费是因为人们掌握了有效的剩余食物的方法,故选D。

3.判断推理题。第三段指出:冰箱的发明对食物的保存并没有起到太多的作用，在冰箱发明之前已经有像自然冷却、盐腌等多种食物保存方法。冰箱的发明正在促进的是电力、软饮料、动物死尸的销量并且在后文中作者还讲到了冰箱对生活环境造成的影响，故可以推断出在作者看来对于冰箱的发明，最没有受益的就是消费者。

4.细节事实题。最后一段指出:冰箱对环境的影响一直都是显著的，而它带给人类的幸福却是微不足道的。如果你不信，自己试试看，做一个存放食物的橱柜，下个冬天关掉你的冰箱。你或许吃不到汉堡，但是至少能摆脱那可怕的噪音。故选A“不断产生噪声”。

5.观点态度题。文章中作者提到童年时期没有冰箱，但是还是吃得不错而且很健康，并且当时食物也储存的很好，不会造成浪费。最后两段中,作者认为世界上绝大部分的冰箱并不是在那些最能用得上它们的热带地区被发现，而是在那些富有气候温和的国家出现，这些国家几乎不需要用冰箱。可以看出作者对于冰箱是批判性的。

20.单选题

She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tjustturn（

）onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.

问题1选项

A.myback

B.myhead

C.myeye

D.shoulder

【答案】A

【解析】句意:她对我一直挺好一_既然她需要我的帮助，那么我就不能拒绝帮助她。

固定搭配。turnone’sbackonsb.拒绝帮助某人。

21.单选题

Whenweworryaboutwhomightbespyingonourprivatelives,weusuallythinkabouttheFederalagents.Buttheprivatesectoroutdoesthegovernmenteverytime.It’sLindaTripp,nottheFBI,whoisfacingchargesunderMaryland’slawsagainstsecrettelephonetaping.It’sourbanks,nottheInternalRevenueService(IRS),thatpassourprivatefinancialdatatotelemarketingfirms.

ConsumeractivistsarepressingCongressforbetterprivacylawswithoutmuchresultsofar.Thelegislatorsleantowardlettingbusinesspeopletrackourfinancialhabitsvirtuallyatwill.

Asanexampleofwhat’sgoingon,considerU.S.Bancorp,whichwasrecentlysuedfordeceptivepracticesbythestateofMinnesota.Accordingtothelawsuit,thebanksuppliedatelemarketercalledMemberWorkswithsensitivecustomerdatasuchasnames,phonenumbers,bank-accountandcredit-cardnumbers,SocialSecuritynumbers,accountbalancesandcreditlimits.

Withthesecustomerlistsinhand,MemberWorksstarteddialingfordollars-sellingdentalplans,videogames,computersoftwareandotherproductsandservices.Customerswhoaccepteda“freetrialoffer”