2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号29

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Themayorisawomanwithgreat（）andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialassistance.

问题1选项

A.integrity

B.instinct

C.intensity

D.insanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项integrity“完整；正直；诚实；廉正”；B选项instinct“本能；直觉；天性”；C选项intensity“强度；强烈”；D选项insanity“疯狂；精神错乱；愚顽”。句意：这位市长是一位非常正直的女性，因此值得我们的政治和财政援助。根据句意，A选项正确。

2.单选题

Hespokeso（）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

问题1选项

A.reservedly

B.emphatically

C.determinedly

D.convincingly

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项reservedly“决然地；断然地”；B选项emphatically“着重地；强调地；断然地”；C选项determinedly“决然地；断然地”；D选项convincingly“令人信服地；有说服力地”。句意：他如此令人信服地发言，以至于他的对手都被他的辩论所说服。根据句意，D选项正确。

3.单选题

Itisfortunatewhenayoungman’scareergoalsandthewishesofhisparentsforhim（）.

问题1选项

A.coincide

B.supervise

C.collaborate

D.collide

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项coincide“一致，符合；同时发生”；B选项supervise“监督，管理；指导”；C选项collaborate“合作；勾结，通敌”；D选项collide“碰撞；抵触，冲突”。句意：当一个年轻人的职业目标和他父母对他的希望一致时，那是幸运的。结合句意，故A选项正确。

4.单选题

Thespeakerwasknowntobequitethe（）,sotheprogramwaswellattended.

问题1选项

A.raconteur

B.raquonteur

C.racquonteur

D.raqonteur

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项raconteur“健谈者；擅长讲故事的人”；B，C和D这三项在英语中不存在。句意：大家都知道这位演讲者的确是一位健谈者，所以这个节目有很多人参加。结合句意，故A选项正确。

5.单选题

Theschoolmaster（）thegirl’sbraveryinhisopeningspeech.

问题1选项

A.applauded

B.enhanced

C.elevated

D.clapped

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项applaud“赞同；称赞”；B选项enhance“提高；加强；增加”；C选项elevate“提高；举起；抬高”；D选项clap“拍手；鼓掌；轻轻拍打某人”。句意：校长在开幕致辞上称赞了这个女孩的勇敢行为。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Amisconceptionfrequentlyheldbynovicewritersisthatsentencestructuremirrorsthought:themoreconvolutedthestructure,themore（）theideas.

问题1选项

A.complicated

B.inconsequential

C.fanciful

D.blatant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词同义辨析。A选项complicated“难懂的，复杂的”；B选项inconsequential“不重要的；不合理的；不合逻辑的”；C选项fanciful“想象的；稀奇的”；D选项blatant“喧嚣的；公然的；炫耀的；俗丽的”。句意：新手作家时常拥有的一个错误想法是句子结构反映想法，即结构越复杂，那么想法也就越复杂。根据句意判断出A选项正确。

7.单选题

Itisnotadvisableto（）inaffairsthatareofnoconcerntoyou.

问题1选项

A.impart

B.ponder

C.meddle

D.abound

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项impart“给予（尤指抽象事物），传授；告知，透露”；B选项ponder“考虑；沉思”；C选项meddle“干预；干涉”；D选项abound“富于；充满”。句意：去干涉与你无关的事情是不明智的。根据句意判断出C选项正确。

8.填空题

1.Darwinstatedthatindividuals[A]withcharacteristicsbestadaptedto[B]existingconditionsurviveandmakeupanincreasing[C]largerproportionoftheirspecies[D].

2.Thecoming[A]ofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimited[B],theopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioning[C]theheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvingin[D]climbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.

3.Thepaidmanagers[A]actingforthecompanywereinmoredirectrelationwiththeworkmenandtheirdemands,butevenso[B],he[C]seldomhadthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhich[D]theemployershadoftenhadunderthesystemoftheoldfamilybusiness.

4.It’snotobvioushow[A]thecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureout[B]numericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathas[C]attractedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers[D].

5.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith[A]leadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestilythattest-takingskillalsomatters[B]whetherit’sknowing[C]whentoguessand[D]whatquestionstoskip.

6.Asdietandhealthimproved[A]childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightto[B]aboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownas[C]theobvioustrendinheight[D].

7.AndersEricsson,58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor[A]atUniversityofFlorida,sayshebelievesstronglyin“allofpsychology.”Ericssongrewup[B]inSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntil[C]herealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedto[D]psychology.

8.Ifyouexamine[A]thebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2010’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikely[B]findanoteworthyfact:famoussoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenborn[C]intheearliermonths[D]oftheyearthaninthelatermonths.

9.Americanpeoplenolonger[A]expectpublicfigures,whether[B]inspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.So[C]dotheyaspiretocommandthemselves[D].

10.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavebeenchanged[A]dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformsto[B]fitthegrowingnumbers[C]ofbiggerandlonger[D]frames.

【答案】1.【试题答案】C

2.【试题答案】D

3.【试题答案】C

4.【试题答案】C

5.【试题答案】D

6.【试题答案】B

7.【试题答案】A

8.【试题答案】A

9.【试题答案】C

10.【试题答案】A

【解析】1.【试题解析】考查词性。C项修饰形容词large，此处increasing应改为副词increasingly，故选C。

2.【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。Sacrifices和involve之间为被动关系，应使用过去分词involved。因此D合题意。beinvolvedin“涉及”。

3.【试题解析】考查代词。C项指代前文thepaidmanagers，为负数，因此该用they不是he，故选C。

4.【试题解析】考查谓语动词。在此处that指代的先行词为questions，为复数，遵守主谓一致的原则，应该是have不是has，故选C。

5.【试题解析】考查连词。此处考查whether...or...“是……还是……，或者……或者……”，and错误，应是or，故选D。

6.【试题解析】考查介词。此处句意为：每20年身高增加了1.5寸。increaseto“增加到”；increaseby“增加了”，用介词by更合适，故选B。

7.【试题解析】考查冠词。58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor是AndersEricsson的同位语，对其进行解释说明，因此professor前面应有冠词a，故选A。

8.【试题解析】考查谓语动词。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，主语的谓语动词形式为woulddo，可以判断出这是对现在时间的虚拟，从句的动词应用examined。故选A。

9.【试题解析】考查副词。Neither才是否定的“也”，故选C。

10.【试题解析】考查语态。根据语境和句意，此处应该用主动语态，去掉been才正确，故选A。

9.单选题

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.

Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.

Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution,competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,saferandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.

What’smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe“zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandconsofallthevariouswayslandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarboncostoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.

1.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

2.Specializationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin（）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfarmingpractices?

4.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury?

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Byitsproductivity.

B.Byitssustainability.

C.Byitsimpactontheenvironment.

D.Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth.

问题2选项

A.localizedpollution

B.theshrinkingoffarmland

C.competitionfromoverseas

D.thedecreaseofbiodiversity

问题3选项

A.Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies.

B.Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth.

C.Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable.

D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

问题4选项

A.Itwillgothroughradicalchanges.

B.Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts.

C.Itwillabandontraditionalfarmingpractices.

D.Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment.

问题5选项

A.Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment

B.Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction.

C.Toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress.

D.Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。通过题干定位到原文第一段“Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.”，中文翻译：这种情况在农业上尤其如此，可持续发展经常被当成是农业进步的唯一衡量标准，而农业的历史和文化方面却没有被恰当地了解。综合考虑，选项B“通过它的可持续性”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第三段“However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.”，中文翻译：然而，这些改变也导致栖息地的减少和生物多样性的不断减少。可知最佳答案为D选项“生物多样性的减少”。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词traditionalfarmingpractices定位到原文第二段“Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.”，中文翻译：在能源使用和产品获取的营养方面，它（传统农业）是相对低效的。可以推断出答案选择C“它们不一定是可持续的”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段“Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.”，中文翻译为：这一切意味着，21世纪的农业将与20世纪的农业迥然不同。因此判断正确答案为A“它将会经历彻底的变化”。

5.【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段中心句“Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandconsofallthevariouswayslandisused.”，中文翻译为：相反，我们需要一个更动态的解释，该解释会考虑所有各种各样土地使用方式的利与弊。以及文章第一段中“Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.”，中文翻译为：这种情况在农业上尤其如此，可持续发展经常被当成是农业进步的唯一衡量标准，而农业的历史和文化方面却没有被恰当地了解。可知，正确答案为D项“催促人们反思可持续的农业是什么”。

10.单选题

Thenewspaper（）thedetailsoftheaccidentinashorttime.

问题1选项

A.disclosed

B.exhibited

C.exposed

D.discovered

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项disclose“公开；披露”；B选项exhibit“展览；显示；提出（证据等）”；C选项expose“揭露（多指揭露丑闻，坏人坏事或各种阴谋）；使曝光；显示”；D选项discover“发现；发觉”。句意：这份报纸不久就披露了这起事故的细节。结合此处语境，A选项正确。

11.单选题

Onanaverageofsixtimesaday,adoctorinHollandpractices“active”euthanasia:intentionallyadministeringalethaldrugtoaterminallyillpatientwhohasaskedtoberelievedofsuffering.Twentytimesaday,life-prolongingtreatmentiswithheldorwithdrawnwhenthereisnohopethatitcanaffectanultimatecure.“Active”euthanasiaremainsacrimeontheDutchstatutebookspunishableby12yearsinprison.Butaseriesofcourtcasesoverthepast15yearshasmadeitclearthatacompetentphysicianwhocarriesitoutwillnotbeprosecuted.

Euthanasia,oftencalled“mercykilling”,isacrimeeverywhereinWesternEurope.ButmoreandmoredoctorsandnursesinBritain,Germany,Hollandandelsewherereadilyadmittopracticingit,mostofteninthe“passive”formofwithholdingorwithdrawingtreatment.Thelongsimmeringeuthanasiaissuehaslatelyboiledoverintoasometimesfiercepublicdebate,withbothsidesclaimingthemantleofultimaterighteousness.Thoseopposedtothepracticeseethemselvesup-holdingsacredprinciplesofrespectforlife,whilethoseinfavorraisethebannerofhumanetreatment.Afteryearsonthedefensive,theadvocatesnowseemtobegainingground.RecentpollsinBritainshowthat72percentofBritishsubjectsfavoreuthanasiainsomecircumstances.Anastonishing76percentofrespondentstoapolltakenlatelastyearinFrancesaidtheywouldlikethelawchangedtodecriminalizemercykillings.

Reasonsforthelatestsurgeofinterestineuthanasiaarenothardtofind.Europeans,likeAmericans,arenowlivinglonger.TheaverageEuropeanmalenowlivestotheageof72,womantoalmost8A.sDerekHumphrey,aleadingBritishadvocateof“rationaleuthanasia”,says,“lingeringchronicdiseaseshavereplacedcriticalillnessastheprimarycauseofdeath.”

Andsotheeuthanasistshavebeguntopresstheircasewithgreaterforce.Theyarguethateveryhumanbeingshouldhavetherightto“diewithdignity”,bywhichtheyusuallymeantherighttoescapethehorrorsofapainfulordegradinghospitalization.Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiahavearguedthattherighttodieshouldbeaccordedonlytotheterminallyandincurablyill,butthemovementalsoincludesasmallminoritywhobelieveineuthanasiaforanyonewhorationallydecidestotakehisownlife.

Thatrightisunlikelytogetlegalrecognitionanytimeinthenearfuture.EvenintheNetherlands,theproposalsnowbeforeParliamentwouldrestricteuthanasiatoasmallnumberofcasesandwouldsurroundeventhosewithelaboratesafeguards.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.Euthanasiais,oftencalled“mercykilling”,whichimpliesthat（）.

3.“Boiledover”(Line4,Para.2)means（）.

4.Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiaholdthat（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardseuthanasiais（）.

问题1选项

A.“Active”euthanasiaisregardedasacrimebyDutchlaw.

B.Thedoctorwhocarriesouteuthanasiawillbecharged.

C.Anunqualifieddoctorcarryingouteuthanasiawillbeaccused.

D.“Active”euthanasiaexecutiveswillbesentencedto12yearsimprisonment.

问题2选项

A.peopleshouldshowsympathyforaterminallyillpatient

B.somedoctorsmurderpatientsshieldingthemselvesfrommercy

C.humanetreatmenttodyingpatientsshouldberequired

D.thedyingpatientsaresufferingfromthepainandtheydon’twanttoliveon

问题3选项

A.burst(into)

B.makethewaterhotenoughtoboil

C.causegreatanger

D.fightoneanother

问题4选项

A.onlyterminallyillpatientscanhaveeuthanasia

B.ifanyonewhorationallydecidestoendhislife,hecanhaveeuthanasia

C.peopleshouldrespectlife

D.nomatterwhatpunishmenttheyget,theywillcarryouteuthanasiatopatients

问题5选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.objective

D.uncertain

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。A选项“主动的安乐死被荷兰法律认为是一种犯罪”和D选项“主动安乐死的执行者将被判12年的监禁”可以定位到文章首段中“‘Active’euthanasiaremainsacrimeontheDutchstatutebookspunishableby12yearsinprison.”中文翻译为：主动的安乐死在荷兰的法典上仍然是一种需判刑12年的监禁。C选项“实行安乐死的不合格医生将会被控告”可以定位到文章首段“Butaseriesofcourtcasesoverthepast15yearshasmadeitclearthatacompetentphysicianwhocarriesitoutwillnotbeprosecuted.”中文翻译为：但是过去15年的一系列法庭案件却明确表示，实行安乐死的称职医生将不被指控。同时可知B选项“实行安乐死的医生将会被起诉”与文章不符合，故选B。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词“mercykilling”可以定位到原文第二段“whilethoseinfavorraisethebannerofhumanetreatment.”中文翻译为：而那些安乐死的支持者却高举人道对待的旗帜。可知C项正确，译为“垂死的病人应该需要人道的对待”。

3.【试题解析】词汇题。A：爆发（成）；B：让水热得足以沸腾；C：造成巨大的愤怒；D：相互打架。题干关键词“boilover”意为：爆发。因此A选项正确。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasia可以定位到原文倒数第二段中“Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiahavearguedthattherighttodieshouldbeaccordedonlytotheterminallyandincurablyill”，中文翻译为：大多数自愿安乐死的支持者认为，去死的权利应该只给予晚期绝症病人，可以得知A选项“只有晚期绝症病人可以安乐死”正确。

5.【试题解析】观点态度题。A:positive“积极的”；B:negative“消极的”；C:objective“客观的”；D:uncertain“不确定的”。全文作者都是用客观的态度来描述安乐死这个话题，因此可以推测出C选项正确。

12.单选题

Knowingthathewaspromoted,Jasoncouldhardlybe（）onthephone.

问题1选项

A.adherent

B.adhesive

C.coherent

D.inherent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项adherent“附着的；黏着的”；B选项adhesive“黏着的；带黏性的”；C选项coherent“连贯的；清晰的；条理清楚的”；D选项inherent“固有的；内在的；与生俱来的，遗传的”。句意：在得知自己升职后，杰森在电话里几乎不能条理清楚地讲话。根据句意，C选项正确。

13.单选题

Bulliedbytwoclassmates,theboybegantocryandtearslowly（）downhisface.

问题1选项

A.oozed

B.trickled

C.dribbled

D.leaked

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ooze“渗出；泄漏”；B选项trickle“使……滴；一滴滴地流”；C选项dribble“连击；使滴下；运球”；D选项leak“使渗漏，泄露”。句意：受到两位同班同学的欺负后，这位男孩开始哭，然后眼泪顺着他的脸颊一滴滴地流下。结合此处句意眼泪应该是顺着他的脸颊一滴滴地流，判断出B选项正确。

14.单选题

Afteranumberofdisagreementswiththecommittee,thehelplesschairman（）.

问题1选项

A.retired

B.dismissed

C.deserted

D.resigned

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项retire“退休；离开；收回”；B选项dismiss“解散；解雇；不予理会”；C选项desert“遗弃；放弃；逃跑”；D选项resign“辞去职务；放弃；委托；使听从”。句意：在与委员会产生很多分歧后，这位无助的主席辞去了自己的职务。结合此处语义，D选项正确。

15.单选题

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludesthewhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorU.S.nativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresenttonatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheU.S.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacing.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1933,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAU.S.$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNottrueofJohnWaihee?

4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

5.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingExcept（）.

问题1选项

A.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

B.peopleofFilipinoorigin

C.theKaLahuigroup

D.peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

问题2选项

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

C.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

D.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

问题3选项

A.HeisHawaiifirstnativegovernor.

B.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

C.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

D.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

问题4选项

A.AmericanIndiannatives.

B.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

C.TheKaLahuigroup.

D.TheHawaiiannatives.

问题5选项

A.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

B.morebackrentonthecrownland

C.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheU.S.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干关键词Hawaii’snativeminority可以定位到文章第二段第一句“TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.,in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文翻译为：这个群岛于1898年被美国吞并，从那时起，夏威夷土著居民的遭遇比其他种族群体的遭遇更为悲惨。可以判断只有A项“夏威夷的种族群体”正确。

2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“…sincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文大意为：自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他种族的境况更糟糕。C选项正确，符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由A，B，C选项可定位到原文第三段中“ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.”，中文翻译为：由夏威夷的第一位本土官员JohnWaihee成立的主权咨询委员会对土著居民的事件起到了推动作用，该委员会建议夏威夷土著居民应该自主决定是否需要重新成立一个夏威夷主权国家。判断A，B，C选项正确，排除；D选项在文章内没有相关信息介绍，故选D。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“alessradicalattitude”可以定位到文章第四段第三句“ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.”，中文翻译为：这是夏威夷事务办公室（OHA）支持的态度，OHA作为一个国家机关成立于1978年，代表着当地人民的利益，如今在面对土著居民主权运动上保持着温和的态度。故选B。

5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文最后一段“Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.”，中文翻译为：他们还希望能够要回66万公顷的夏威夷公有土地。可知夏威夷是想美国政府承认其所有权而不仅仅是更多的租金。因此B选项“更多的拖欠皇家土地的租金”符合题意。

16.翻译题

Inalmosteveryformofmedia,includingtelevision,newspapersandmagazines,agreatdealattentionispaidtothepersonallivesofcelebrities.Itseemsthatthepubliccannotgetenoughofthiskindofnews.However,Ibelievethatthemediahavearesponsibilitytopresentabalancedviewoftheworld,aswellasrespectthelivesofpublicfigures.Therefore,Ibelievethatthemediapaytoomuchattentiontothepersonallivesoffamouspeople.

Forpeoplewhoarefascinatedwiththelivesofpublicfigurestherearesomeformsofmediadevotedexclusivelytothistopic.TheycansatisfytheircuriositybybuyingfanmagazinesandwatchingTVshowsdevotedtoentertainmentnews.Thegeneralmediashouldpresentalltypesofinformationbecausepeoplehavedifferentinterests.Furthermore,thepracticeofdwellingontheprivatelivesofcelebritiescanleadpeopletopaymoreattentiontothesemattersthantheyotherwisewould.Perhapsmostimportantly,themediashouldrespecttheprivacyofeveryindividual,includingpublicfigures.Theymayhavechosentobeinthepubliceye,butthatdoesgivethepublictherighttoknoweverythingaboutthem.Moreover,manystoriesaboutcelebritiesareuntrue;theyareonlygossipreportedto-increasesalesofmagazinesandothermedia.Theyareunfairtothefamousandmisleadthepublic.

Forallofthesereasons,Ibelievethatthemediashouldpaymoreattentiontomattersotherthantheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.Inthisway,theycanappealtoawideraudienceandencouragepeopletodevelopotherinterests.Inmyopinion,themediacurrentlypaytoomuchattentiontotheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

【答案】【参考译文】

几乎每一种媒体，包括电视、报纸和杂志，都把许多焦点放在名人的私生活上。公众似乎对这类新闻一直感兴趣。然而，我认为媒体有责任以公正的观点报道时事，并尊重公众人物的生活。因此，我认为媒体确实过分关注名人的私生活。

因为有些人对公众人物的生活很着迷，所以有些媒体就专门报道这个话题。他们可以通过购买针对歌迷发行的杂志和观看电视节目的娱乐新闻来满足自己的好奇心。一般媒体应该提供所有类型的信息，因为人们的兴趣各不相同。此外，老是纠缠于名人的私生活会让人们比平时更关注这些事情。也许最重要的是，媒体应该尊重每个人的隐私，包括公众人物的隐私。他们可能选择了出现在公众的视线中，但那并不表示大众有权知道他们的一切。此外，许多关于名人的故事都是不真实的；它们只是用来增加杂志和其他媒体销量的八卦报道。那些不实的报道不仅对名人不公平，还会误导公众。

基于所有这些理由，我认为媒体应该多关注公众人物私生活以外的事情。通过这种方式，他们可以吸引更广泛的受众，并鼓励人们培养其他兴趣。在我看来，目前的媒体过于关注公众人物以及他们的私生活。

17.单选题

Thenuboftherestorationistcritiqueofpreservationismistheclaimthatitrestsonanunhealthydualismthatconceivesnatureandhumankindasradicallydistinctandopposedtoeachother.Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.

However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.Intheirview,preservationistsareimbuedwiththesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream,theonlydifferencebeingthatthelatterexaltshumansovernaturewhiletheformerelevatesnatureoverhumans.WhileitisperhapspuzzlingthatJordanandTurnerdonotseethatthereisnologicthatrequiresdualismasaphilosophicalunderpinningforpreservation,morepuzzlingisthesharpnessandrelentlessnessoftheirattackonpreservationists,accentuatedbythefactthattheyofferlittle,ifany,criticismofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld.

Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.Rejectingtheolddominationmodel,whichseeshumansasovernature,restorationtheorychampionsamodelofcommunityparticipation.YetsomeofthedescriptionsthatJordanandTurnergiveofwhatrestorationistsareactuallyupto―forexample,Turner’sdescriptionofhumansas“thelordsofcreation,”orJordan’sstatementthat“thefateandwell-beingofthebiospheredependultimatelyonusandourrelationshipwithit”—donotcoherewellwiththecommunityparticipationmodel.

Anotherholisticmodel—namely,thatofnatureasanorganism—mightbemoreserviceabletotherestorationists.Aswiththecommunitymodel,the“organic”modelpicturesnatureasasystemofinterconnectedparts.Afundamentaldifference,however,isthatinanorganismthepartsarewhollysubservienttothelifeoftheorganism.Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.

However,toconsiderhumansasthecontrolcenterofthelivingearthistoascribetothemadominatingroleinnature.Isthissignificantlydifferentfromtheold-fashioneddominationmodel?Inbothsystemshumansholdtheplaceofhighestauthorityandpowerintheworld.

Also,neitherviewrecognizesanylimitstothescopeandrangeoflegitimatehumanmanipulationintheworld.Thisdoesnotmeanthattherearenoconstraints;onlybeneficialmanipulationshouldbeundertaken.Butitdoesnotmeanthatnothingisoff-limits.Afurtherparallelisthat,becausethefateoftheworldrestsonhumans,theymusthaveaclearideaofwhatneedstobedone.

1.Theauthorprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Theauthorofthepassagewouldprobablyagre