2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号87

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Apopularwayofkeepingfitistogo（）,whichisakindofslow-tomedium-pacedrunning.

问题1选项

A.trotting

B.sauntering

C.strolling

D.jogging

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项trot“小跑”；B选项saunter“漫步；闲逛”；C选项stroll“漫步；闲逛；巡回演出”；D选项jog“慢跑；轻推，轻撞”。句意：保持健康的流行方式是去慢跑，其是一种缓慢到中等步伐的跑步。结合此处语境，D选项正确。

2.单选题

Thescientistsbecameveryexcitedastheyfelttheywereonthe（）ofadiscovery.

问题1选项

A.crest

B.borderline

C.brink

D.bluff

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。onthebrinkof“在……的边缘”，句意：当感觉自己处于一个发现的边缘时，科学家们变得非常兴奋。故C选项正确。

3.单选题

Mostactsof（）involvethinningouttheanimalpopulationincertainareasofthecountry.

问题1选项

A.malcontent

B.pander

C.peccadillo

D.depredation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项malcontent“不满现状的人；反抗者”；B选项pander“怂恿者；拉皮条者”；C选项peccadillo“轻罪；小过失；小瑕疵”；D选项depredation“掠夺；破坏，破坏痕迹”。句意：大多数掠夺行为使这个国家某些地区的动物数量变少。根据句意可知D选项正确。

4.单选题

Afterfouryearsinthesamejob,hisenthusiasmfinally（）.

问题1选项

A.deteriorated

B.dispersed

C.dissipated

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”；B选项disperse“分散；消散”；C选项dissipate“驱散；放荡”；D选项drain“逐渐消失；流干”。句意：在做同样的工作四年后，他的激情逐渐消失了。根据句意可知D选项正确。

5.单选题

Theyworkedforthecomplete（）ofslaveryforsolongthattheycontributedtheiryouthtothisideal.

问题1选项

A.abortion

B.absorption

C.abolition

D.abomination

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项abortion“流产，堕胎，（计划等）失败”；B选项absorption“吸收；全神贯注，专心致志”；C选项abolition“废除；废止”；D选项abomination“厌恶；憎恨；令人厌恶的事物”。句意：他们为彻底废除奴隶制度工作了如此长的时间，以至于将自己的青春奉献给了这个理想。结合句意，C选项正确。

6.单选题

Thechildren’shystericalcrying（）thewomandoctorfromcompletingtheexamination.

问题1选项

A.forbade

B.refrained

C.hindered

D.restricted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项forbid“禁止；不允许”；B选项refrain“克制；避免；制止”；C选项hinder“阻止；打扰”；D选项restrict“限制；约束”。句意：这些孩子们歇斯底里的哭泣阻止这位女医生完成这个检查。结合句意判断出选项C正确。

7.单选题

Whenthedoctordoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople（）andasksthemalotofquestions.

问题1选项

A.atrandom

B.atlength

C.inessence

D.inbulk

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项atrandom“胡乱地；随便地；随意地”；B选项atlength“最后，终于；详细地”；C选项inessence“本质上；其实；大体上”；D选项inbulk“散装；大量”。句意：当医生对人类的大脑做一个综合性实验时，他随意挑选人且问他们很多问题。结合句意，A选项正确。

8.单选题

AfterabigThanksgiving,mostpeoplefeel（）fromthetryptophanintheturkey.

问题1选项

A.slipshod

B.languid

C.diminutive

D.extemporaneous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项slipshod“潦草的；穿着不整洁的”；B选项languid“倦怠的；呆滞的；软弱无力的”；C选项diminutive“小的，小型的，微小的”；D选项extemporaneous“即席的，临时的；不用讲稿的”。句意：在一个丰盛的感恩节后，大多数人因火鸡中的色氨酸而感觉软弱无力。结合句意，故B选项正确。

9.单选题

Thecoast（）slowlyasourshipsailedouttosea.

问题1选项

A.receded

B.conceded

C.proceeded

D.exceeded

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项recede“后退；减弱”；B选项concede“承认；退让；给予”；C选项proceed“开始；继续进行；发生；行进”；D选项exceed“超过；胜过”。句意：这个海岸随着我们的船驶向大海而慢慢地后退。结合此处语义，A选项正确。

10.单选题

The（）airthatlingersaroundthesewerpipesisenoughtomakeanyonegag.

问题1选项

A.raillery

B.noisome

C.supine

D.liturgy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词、名词词义辨析。A选项raillery“逗趣；开玩笑”；B选项noisome“恶臭的；有害的”；C选项supine“仰卧的；懒得动的；向后靠的”；D选项liturgy“礼拜仪式；圣餐仪式；祷告文”。句意：萦绕在污水管周围的恶臭的空气足以使任何人窒息。结合句意，B选项正确。

11.单选题

Itisnotadvisableto（）inaffairsthatareofnoconcerntoyou.

问题1选项

A.impart

B.ponder

C.meddle

D.abound

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项impart“给予（尤指抽象事物），传授；告知，透露”；B选项ponder“考虑；沉思”；C选项meddle“干预；干涉”；D选项abound“富于；充满”。句意：去干涉与你无关的事情是不明智的。根据句意判断出C选项正确。

12.单选题

Sittingonthetable,twosmallkittenswere（）roundtheinsideoftheemptyhamtin.

问题1选项

A.swallowing

B.licking

C.chewing

D.munching

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项swallow“忍受；吞没”；B选项lick“舔；战胜”；C选项chew“嚼碎，咀嚼”；D选项munch“用力咀嚼；大声咀嚼”。句意：坐在桌子上的两只小猫，正舔着空火腿罐内部的四周。根据句意可知，B选项正确。

13.单选题

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsub-millimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecannotgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.Themostadvancedcomputersystemonearthcannotapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldonotknowquitehowwedoit.

1.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin（）.

2.Theword“gizmos”(Line1,Para.2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.AccordingtoPara.3,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanrobotsdonow?

5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare（）.

问题1选项

A.theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction

B.thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry

C.theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork

D.theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork

问题2选项

A.devices

B.experts

C.programs

D.creatures

问题3选项

A.canfulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery

B.canrespondindependentlytoachangingworld

C.canhavealittlecommonsense

D.caninteractwithhumanbeingsverbally

问题4选项

A.Makeafewdecisionsforthemselves.

B.Dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention.

C.Improvefactoryenvironments.

D.Cultivatehumancreativity.

问题5选项

A.expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure

B.abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately

C.bestusedinacontrolledenvironment

D.farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词Humaningenuity可以定位到原文首段“Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.”中文翻译为：从人类智慧出现以来，人们一直都在设计更加巧妙的工具来处理危险的、枯燥的、繁重的或只是显然肮脏的工作。因此C选项“针对困难和危险的工作发明工具”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】词汇题。A:device“装置”；B:expert“专家”；C:program“程序”；D:creature“生物”。

根据题干可定位到文章第二段“…whoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.”中文翻译为：他们的普遍存在已节省了很多人类劳动，以及gizmo意为“小装置”可推断出A项“装置”正确。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段“wecannotgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”中文翻译为：我们不能给予机器人足够的常识来让其可靠地与一个不断变化的世界进行互动。可知答案为B项“能独自对一个变化的世界做出反应”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror.”中文翻译为：虽然我们知晓如何告诉一个机器人去处理一个特定的错误，可以判断B项“在人类的介入下处理一些错误”正确。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可定位到原文最后一段“Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.Themostadvancedcomputersystemonearthcannotapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldonotknowquitehowwedoit.”中文翻译为：但是，人的大脑能够扫视一个快速变化的场景，然后立刻忽视98%的不相干的物体，随后立即聚焦于在蜿蜒的森林道路旁的一只猴子，或一大群人中一张可疑的脸。地球上最先进的计算机系统也不能达到那种能力，并且神经系统科学家仍然不知道我们如何做到这点。可知答案为D“在聚焦于相关信息方面远不及人类大脑”。

14.单选题

Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilityto（）furtherresearch.

问题1选项

A.stimulate

B.originate

C.renovate

D.endorse

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项stimulate“刺激；鼓舞；激发”；B选项originate“引起；创作”；C选项renovate“更新；修复；革新；刷新”；D选项endorse“背书；赞同”。句意：科学理论的一个重要特性是它激发进一步研究的能力。根据句意，A选项正确。

15.单选题

The（）effectsofthespawereevidentinherrosycheeksandbouncysteps.

问题1选项

A.abortive

B.waggish

C.salubrious

D.portentous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项abortive“失败的；流产的；堕胎的”；B选项waggish“爱开玩笑的；滑稽的”；C选项salubrious“清爽的；有益健康的”；D选项portentous“不祥的；预兆的；令人惊讶的”。句意：水疗有益健康的效果在她红润的脸颊和轻快的步伐上明显地表现了出来。由句意可知C选项正确。

16.单选题

Afteraslowsalesstartearlyintheyear,mobilehomeshavebeengainingfavorasan（）toincreasinglyexpensiveconventionalhousing.

问题1选项

A.option

B.alternative

C.supplement

D.addition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项option“选项；选择权；买卖的特权”；B选项alternative“替换物，替代品”；C选项supplement“增补，补充”；D选项addition“添加；加法；增加物”。句意：在销售放缓在这一年早些时候开始出现后，流动房屋作为日益昂贵的传统房屋的一种替代物而一直受到青睐。结合句意，B选项正确。

17.单选题

Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtleshavestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlingsdowntothewater’sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.

ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom“threatened”to“endangered”—meaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.

Theobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendonland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandashatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendintheocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.

Ofcourse,likeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythethreatofrisingsealevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurswillmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness"(Line1，Para.2)?

3.WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?

4.Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?

5.Thelastsentenceofthepassageismeantto（）.

问题1选项

A.humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurvive

B.effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout

C.governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles,extinction

D.marinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtles’reproduction

问题2选项

A.Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.

B.Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.

C.Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.

D.Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.

问题3选项

A.Theirinadequatefoodsupply.

B.Unregulatedcommercialfishing.

C.Theirlowerreproductionability.

D.Contaminationofseawater.

问题4选项

A.Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.

B.Thechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatch.

C.Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.

D.Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.

问题5选项

A.persuadehumanbeingstoshowmoreaffectionforturtles

B.stressthateventhemostuglyspeciesshouldbeprotected

C.callforeffectivemeasurestoensureseaturtles’survival

D.warnourdescendantsabouttheextinctionofspecies

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.”，中文翻译为：一堵令人生畏的官僚主义墙已经竖起来保护它们在大西洋海岸线上的主要筑巢地。B选项“已经做出保护海龟免于灭绝的努力”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“…areportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles...”，中文翻译为：一份由鱼类与野生生物服务局提供的报道显示，几种北大西洋海龟的数量出现了令人担忧的下降。以及参考第一段“AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.”，中文翻译为：一堵令人生畏的官僚主义墙已经竖起来保护它们在大西洋海岸线上的主要筑巢地。因此，D项正确，译为“尽管人类的保护，但是海龟的数量已减少”。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第三段“Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.”，中文翻译为：拖网渔船（其拖着巨大的网穿过海域和海底的）和多钩长线渔船（其能在延伸数英里的钓线上布置数以千计的钩子）让海龟遭受重创。可以推测出B选项正确，译为“未受管理的商业捕鱼”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词globalwarming可以定位到原文最后一段中“Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythethreatofrisingsealevelsastheoceanswarm.”，中文翻译为：海龟产卵的狭窄带状海滩地带，一方面正被发展所挤压，在另一方面受到海洋变暖所带来的海平面不断上升的威胁。可以得知A选项正确。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句话“Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurswillmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.”，中文翻译为：最后，我们必须也着手处理这些事情，否则一种比恐龙活得长的动物将会在人类的手中走向灭亡，从而让我们的后代去想知道如此丑陋的生物如何得到如此多的关爱。可以推测出C选项“呼吁采取有效的措施来确保海龟的生存”正确。

18.单选题

DespiteDenmark’smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandself-indulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay“Denmarkisagreatcountry.”You’resupposedtofigurethisoutforyourself.

Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprograms,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:threedaysatastudycenterhearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglish,inadvertising,popmusic,theInternet,anddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs―thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit—olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,“fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,”andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevails,wherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgaze,whereSirandMadamehavedisappearedfromcommonusage,evenMr.andMrs..It’sanationofrecyclers—about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew―andnonuclearpowerplants.It’sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral.

Suchanationofoverachievers—abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,“Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere.”So,ofcourse,one’sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings(“ForeignersOutofDenmark!”),brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark.

Nonetheless,itisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtown,itcomestoanendatastonewall,andontheothersideisafieldofbarley,anicecleanline:townhere,countrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochange,evenifit’s2a.m.andthere’snotacarinsight.However,Danesdon’tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-lightpeople―that’showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.Danesseethemselvesasjazzypeople,improvisers,morefreespiritedthanSwedes,butthetruthis(thoughoneshouldnotsayit)thatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources,limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagen,andthesebright,young,English-speaking,utterlyhonest,highlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinavia,theBalticStates,andRussia.Airports,seaports,highways,andraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained.

Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn’tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormine,andnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife.

ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship,andyoushouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou’reentitledto,you’reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone,thebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjob,thestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytoweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.

1.TheauthorthinksthatDanesadopta（）attitudetowardstheircountry.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaDanishcharacteristiccitedinthepassage?

3.Theauthor’sreactiontothestatementbytheMinistryofBusinessandIndustryis（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,Danishorderliness（）.

5.AttheendofthepassagetheauthorstatesallthefollowingEXCEPTthat（）.

问题1选项

A.boastful

B.modest

C.deprecating

D.mysterious

问题2选项

A.Fondnessofforeignculture.

B.Equalityinsociety.

C.Linguistictolerance.

D.Persistentplanning.

问题3选项

A.disapproving

B.approving

C.noncommittal

D.doubtful

问题4选项

A.setsthepeopleapartfromGermansandSwedes

B.sparesDanessocialtroublesbesettingotherpeoples

C.isconsideredeconomicallyessentialtothecountry

D.preventsDanesfromacknowledgingexistingtroubles

问题5选项

A.Danesareclearlyinformedoftheirsocialbenefits

B.Danestakeforgrantedwhatisgiventothem

C.theopensystemhelpstotidethecountryover

D.orderlinesshasalleviatedunemployment

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文首段“DespiteDenmark’smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.”，中文翻译为：尽管丹麦有着明显的优点，但是丹麦人却从不谈及自己身为丹麦人有多么自豪。因此B选项“谦虚的”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干关键词Danishcharacteristic可定位到文章第二段Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,“fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,”，中文翻译为：正如俗语所说，它（即丹麦）是一个‘很少人拥有太多且更少的人拥有太少’的国土，对应B选项“社会平等”。第二段中“thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit”，中文翻译为：没有一个丹麦的学院去反对它（英语），对应C选项“语言的容忍”。以及第二段“It’sanationoftirelessplanners.”中文翻译为：它是一个有着不知疲倦的规划者的国家。对应D选项“持续的规划”。因此A项符合题意。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段“...brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark…”，中文翻译为：水沟中打碎的啤酒瓶，倒在公园里的喝醉的青少年。可知答案为D项“怀疑的”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干关键词Danishorderliness可以定位到文章第四段“Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.”，中文翻译为：有序是一个主要的卖点。因此C项“在经济上对这个国家被认为是至关重要的”正确。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。A项“丹麦人清楚地被告知自己的社会福利”可定位到文章倒数第一段“Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone.”，中文翻译为：福利系统的制度对每个人都是显然的。B选项“丹麦人将被给予自己的东西当成理所当然”对应文章最后一段中“Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship.”，中文翻译为：某些东西由于你是公民而是你的。C选项“公开的系统有助于这个国家度过困难时期”对应最后一段“…toweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.”，中文翻译为：在没有危机感的情况下去经受住失业和社会动荡。因此可知答案为D“有序缓解了失业”。

19.单选题

Afteranumberofdisagreementswiththecommittee,thehelplesschairman（）.

问题1选项

A.retired

B.dismissed

C.deserted

D.resigned

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项retire“退休；离开；收回”；B选项dismiss“解散；解雇；不予理会”；C选项desert“遗弃；放弃；逃跑”；D选项resign“辞去职务；放弃；委托；使听从”。句意：在与委员会产生很多分歧后，这位无助的主席辞去了自己的职务。结合此处语义，D选项正确。

20.单选题

Themayorisawomanwithgreat（）andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialassistance.

问题1选项

A.integrity

B.instinct

C.intensity

D.insanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项integrity“完整；正直；诚实；廉正”；B选项instinct“本能；直觉；天性”；C选项intensity“强度；强烈”；D选项insanity“疯狂；精神错乱；愚顽”。句意：这位市长是一位非常正直的女性，因此值得我们的政治和财政援助。根据句意，A选项正确。

21.填空题

1.Darwinstatedthatindividuals[A]withcharacteristicsbestadaptedto[B]existingconditionsurviveandmakeupanincreasing[C]largerproportionoftheirspecies[D].

2.Thecoming[A]ofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimited[B],theopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioning[C]theheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvingin[D]climbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.

3.Thepaidmanagers[A]actingforthecompanywereinmoredirectrelationwiththeworkmenandtheirdemands,butevenso[B],he[C]seldomhadthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhich[D]theemployershadoftenhadunderthesystemoftheoldfamilybusiness.

4.It’snotobvioushow[A]thecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureout[B]numericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathas[C]attractedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers[D].

5.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith[A]leadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestilythattest-takingskillalsomatters[B]whetherit’sknowing[C]whentoguessand[D]whatquestionstoskip.

6.Asdietandhealthimproved[A]childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightto[B]aboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownas[C]theobvioustrendinheight[D].

7.AndersEricsson,58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor[A]atUniversityofFlorida,sayshebelievesstronglyin“allofpsychology.”Ericssongrewup[B]inSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntil[C]herealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedto[D]psychology.

8.Ifyouexamine[A]thebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2010’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikely[B]findanoteworthyfact:famoussoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenborn[C]intheearliermonths[D]oftheyearthaninthelatermonths.

9.Americanpeoplenolonger[A]expectpublicfigures,whether[B]inspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.So[C]dotheyaspiretocommandthemselves[D].

10.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavebeenchanged[A]dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformsto[B]fitthegrowingnumbers[C]ofbiggerandlonger[D]frames.

【答案】1.【试题答案】C

2.【试题答案】D

3.【试题答案】C

4.【试题答案】C

5.【试题答案】D

6.【试题答案】B

7.【试题答案】A

8.【试题答案】A

9.【试题答案】C

10.【试题答案】A

【解析】1.【试题解析】考查词性。C项修饰形容词large，此处increasing应改为副词increasingly，故选C。

2.【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。Sacrifices和involve之间为被动关系，应使用过去分词involved。因此D合题意。beinvolvedin“涉及”。

3.【试题解析】考查代词。C项指代前文thepaidmanagers，为负数，因此该用they不是he，故选C。

4.【试题解析】考查谓语动词。在此处that指代的先行词为questions，为复数，遵守主谓一致的原则，应该是have不是has，故选C。

5.【试题解析】考查连词。此处考查whether...or...“是……还是……，或者……或者……”，and错误，应是or，故选D。

6.【试题解析】考查介词。此处句意为：每20年身高增加了1.5寸。increaseto“增加到”；increaseby“增加了”，用介词by更合适，故选B。

7.【试题解析】考查冠词。58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor是AndersEricsson的同位语，对其进行解释说明，因此professor前面应有冠词a，故选A。

8.【试题解析】考查谓语动词。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，主语的谓语动词形式为woulddo，可以判断出这是对现在时间的虚拟，从句的动词应用examined。故选A。

9.【试题解析】考查副词。Neither才是否定的“也”，故选C。

10.【试题解析】考查语态。根据语境和句意，此处应该用主动语态，去掉been才正确，故选A。

22.单选题

Aswithanysubject,peoplelearnfasterwhenconcentrationishighandwe’reactivelyinterestedinlearning.Beinginterestedandrelaxedhelpstoo.Inintenselyverbalcoursestheteachersaremosteffectivewhentheyactasafacilitator.Theirprimetaskistograbattention,helpmakesurethattheactivitiesareinterestingandprovidebackgroundinformation,whichhelpsstudentstoactivelyparticipateinthelessonandplanandimplementeffective,complementaryhomestudyprograms.Thestudentisresponsibleforkeepinghimselforherself“UnderPressure”inthewaysmentionedabove.Ofcoursethisrequiresthatstudentsunderstandthetypesofpressuretheyshouldtakeuponthemselvesandwhentobackoff.Imposedpressureisdifferentinqualitytoself-imposedpressure,anditisthelatterwhichisappropriateforadultlearners,andchildrentoo,Isuspect.

Inthetypicalactivelyverballanguageclass,understandingoftheprocessesneededforeffectivelanguageacquisitionisnecessarilyinferredbythestudents.Communicatingclearlywitheveryoneintheclassisdifficultenough,sotalkingaboutwhyanactivityisusefulisquitelikelytoconfuseandbemuseratherthanenlightenstudentsinalanguagecourse.Forthisreasontransparent,open-endedactivitieswithcleartaskgoalsformthefoundationofanyintenselyverbalcourse.Inotherwords,shortdemonstrationsarefollowedbypairandgroupwork