2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号5

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Onceuponatime,theemblematicjazzsingerwasanAfrican-Americanwoman,serenadingasmoke-filledroom.ThinkBillieHolidayandEllaFitzgerald.Today,atalentedcropofcosmopolitanyoungsingersarecreatinganewbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.Taketoday’srisingstar,26-year-oldSophieMilman.BorninRussia,shefledwithherfamilytoIsraelattheageof7,thensettledinCanadaat16.NowshesellsouttheBlueNotejazzclubinTokyo.Herrootsandherreachareglobal.Inlooksandlanguage,shecouldn’tbefurtherfromthepioneerswhocamemorethanahalfcenturybefore.

YetMilmanandotherslikeherareredefiningjazzbydrawingontheAmericansongbook.InhisbookTheJazzSingers,ScottYannowarguesthatamong21st-centuryjazzvocalists,only“afewmanagetoreinveststandardsinnewways,”whichisexactlywhatthisnewclassisdoingsowell.Milman—who’sfluentinFrench,English,Russian,andHebrew—singsColePorter’s“LoveforSale”inaclear,valiantaltothatboomsdownlowandreacheseffortlesslyuphigh.ElisabethKontomanou,whoisGreekandGuinean,insistsonknowingtheAfrican-Americanrootsofthemusicsheplays.“Jazzisinnovation,butwithallthecultureandtheunderstandingofwhathasalreadybeendone,”shesays.“Ifyoudon’tlookatthat,yougetatasteless,odorless,andcolorlessmusic.”OnherlastCD,Brewin’theBlues,shefollowsherownrulesbyrevisitinglessfamoussongsbyjazzicons,suchasBillieHoliday’s“TellMeMoreandMore(andThenSome).”

Languagehasprovednobarriertothesewomen,allsinginEnglish.VirginieTeychenecomesfromthesouthofFrancebutlearnedEnglishwithherfather,whousedtoshowAmericanMarinestheFrenchwayoflife.“Frenchdoesn’tlenditselftojazz,”shesays.“Wordscanoftenfallflat,asitishardtosinginFrenchonrhythm.”Teychene,whowasnameda“newrevelation”atFrance’sJuan-les-Pinsjazzfestivallastyear,coverssongslike“TakeATrain”inherpure,lowvoice.BornandraisedinTurin,theItalianchanteuseRobertaGambarinirecordedSwedishfolksongsearlyinhercareerbuthaslatelyturnedtotheromanticeraofAmericanjazz.Hernewrecord,“SoinLove”,revolvesaroundsweetrenditionsoftuneslike“ThatOldBlackMagic”—asongSarahVaughanmadefamousinthe40s.“ThebulkofgoodsongsthatallowyoutoimprovisehappentolargelybepartoftheGreatAmericanSongbook,”shesays.

That’snottosaythatthesevocalistsaren’tpushingboundaries.EsperanzaSpalding,whowasborntoaWelsh-Hispanic-NativeAmericanmotherandablackfatherandraisedintheStates,singsinEnglish,Spanish,andPortuguese.Whenrecordingthe1930sstandard“BodyandSoul”,sherenamedit“CuerpoyAlma”,andpulledoffafierySpanishrendition.“Youalwayscreatesomethingnewevenwhenyouusevocabularyfromthepast.”shesays.

Ultimately,thisreturntotherootsofjazzhastodowithauthenticityandaccessibility.“Ilikewhenpeoplecometoseemeattheendofaconcert,surprisedthatthisisactuallyjazzandthattheycanenjoyitwithoutreallyknowingtheculture,”saysTeychene.Yetifaskedwherethewindingroadoffamestarts,thesesingersgiveatraditionalanswer.“IfyoulivedeepintheheartofChinaandyouwanttobeajazzmusician,youstillhavetogotoNewYorkorNewOrleansandplayjazz,”saysKontomanou.Thenyoumovetoanothercountryandshareitwiththeworld.

21.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSophieMilman?

22.Whatdothenewjazzsingershaveincommon?

23.ItcanbeinferredthatScottYanow’sattitudetowardsthenewjazzsingersis________.

24.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthatthosenewjazzsingersare“pushingboundaries”(Paragraph4)?

25.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thosepopularnewjazzsingersattributetheirsuccessto________.

问题1选项

A.Shehasmulticulturalbackgrounds.

B.Sheisanemblematicjazzsinger.

C.ShelovesthemusicofBillieHolidayandEllaFitzgerald.

D.Shecreatesthenewjazzsinger.

问题2选项

A.TheyallcomefromEurope.

B.Theyresemblethepioneersofjazzmusicinlooksandlanguage.

C.Theyallbringsomethingnewtojazzmusic.

D.Theydon’tlikesinginlanguagesotherthanEnglish.

问题3选项

A.critical

B.positive

C.neutral

D.negative

问题4选项

A.Theysometimesdon’tsticktothetraditionalrenderingofjazzmusic.

B.TheydonotalwayssinginEnglish.

C.Theyliketotrydifferentmusicalinstrumentwhenplayingjazz.

D.Theywouldprefertosingsongsallcreatedbythemselves.

问题5选项

A.earlyexposuretoAmericanjazzculture

B.goodcommandofEnglishlanguage

C.innovationandoriginality

D.travellingaroundworld

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】21.推理判断题。根据第一段第三、四、五句Today,atalentedcropofcosmopolitanyoungsingersarecreatinganewbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.Taketoday’srisingstar,26-year-oldSophieMilman.（今天，一群才华横溢的国际化年轻歌手正在创造一种新爵士歌手：国际化的女歌手。她们来自多文化背景，生活在世界各地，为传统的美国音乐注入了新的活力。以今天的后起之秀，26岁的索菲•米尔曼为例。），索菲•米尔曼是全球化女歌手之一，所以A选项“她有多文化背景”正确；这一群女歌手开创了新爵士歌手，所以D选项“索菲•米尔曼开创了新爵士歌手”错误。B选项“她是一位具有代表性的爵士歌手”：文中没有提到米尔曼在爵士乐的地位，故错误。C选项“她喜欢BillieHoliday和EllaFitzgerald的音乐”：根据第二段最后一句shefollowsherownrulesbyrevisitinglessfamoussongsbyjazzicons,suchasBillieHoliday’s“TellMeMoreandMore(andThenSome).”（她遵循自己的原则，重温了爵士偶像们不太出名的歌曲，比如比莉•哈乐黛的《告诉我更多更多》。），翻唱不代表喜欢听，故错误。因此A选项正确。

22.事实细节题。根据第一段第三、四句newbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.（新爵士歌手：国际化女歌手。她们来自多文化背景，生活在世界各地，为传统的美国音乐注入了新的活力。），新爵士歌手为传统美国音乐注入新的活力，所以C选项“她们都给爵士乐带来了新的东西”正确；这里强调的是这些爵士歌手接触世界各地的文化，米尔曼就来自俄罗斯，所以A选项“她们都来自欧洲”错误；B选项“她们在外观和语言上类似于爵士音乐的先驱”：根据第一段最后一句Inlooksandlanguage,shecouldn’tbefurtherfromthepioneerswhocamemorethanahalfcenturybefore.（从外表和语言上看，她与半个多世纪前的先驱者相差无几。），这里指的是米尔曼和爵士乐先驱者差不多，而不是这些新爵士歌手，故错误。D选项“她们不喜欢用英语以外的语言唱歌”：根据第三段第一句Languagehasprovednobarriertothesewomen,allsinginEnglish.（已证实语言对这些女性没有任何障碍，她们都用英语唱歌。），这里指的是她们可以用英语唱歌，不代表不喜欢用其他语言唱歌，故错误。因此C选项正确。

23.观点态度题。根据第二段第二句ScottYannowarguesthatamong21st-centuryjazzvocalists,only“afewmanagetoreinveststandardsinnewways,”whichisexactlywhatthisnewclassisdoingsowell.（斯科特•耶诺指出，在21世纪的爵士歌手中，只有“少数人设法以新的方式重新投资标准”，这正是这个新阶层做得如此出色的原因。），斯科特•耶诺褒奖新爵士歌手，所以B选项“肯定的”正确。A选项“批判的”，C选项“中立的”和D选项“否定的”不符合题意，故错误。因此B选项正确。

24.语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句Youalwayscreatesomethingnewevenwhenyouusevocabularyfromthepast.（即使你使用过去的词汇，你也总会创造出新的东西），可知这里的突破界限是对已有的东西再创造，所以A选项“她们不是一味按照爵士音乐的传统方式表演”正确，B选项“她们不全用英语唱歌”不是这里的重点，故错误。C选项“她们喜欢尝试用不同的乐器演奏爵士乐”和D选项“她们更喜欢唱自己创作的歌曲”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。

25.推理判断题。根据第五段第一句Ultimately,thisreturntotherootsofjazzhastodowithauthenticityandaccessibility.（归根结底，这种对爵士乐根源的回归与真实性和接受性有关。），可知新爵士歌手取得成功是因为对爵士乐本身的理解，所以A选项“早期接触美国爵士乐文化”正确。B选项“良好的英语语言能力”，C选项“创新和原创性”和D选项“周游世界”不是这里的重点，故错误。因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

Blackpeoplearebynomeans______whitepeople.

问题1选项

A.inferiorover

B.moreinferiorthan

C.inferiorto

D.moreinferiorto

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词用法。A选项inferiorover错误，inferior不和over连用；B选项moreinferiorthan“更低劣的”，黑人和白人都不低劣，用比较级不符合语境；C选项inferiorto，beinferiortosb./sth.“较差的”，符合题意；D选项moreinferiorto用法错误。句意：黑人一点也不比白人低劣。因此C选项正确。

3.翻译题

SectionB:ChinesetoEnglish(20points)

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

41.最近，国际货币基金组织的负责人申明，面对各国政府保护主义上升势头，各国领导人之间的全球合作和互相理解，对提升目前的经济复苏是必须的。

42.由于许多国家的经济负增长，目前全球的经济复苏仍然受限，而科技也抑制了许多人获取成功的愿望，导致收入不均等差距扩大，结果加剧了许多地区的政治紧张，增加了对全球化利益的怀疑。

43.经济复苏会使各国的结构性改革更容易。各国目前所面临的挑战实际上是跨国境的，需要各国政府共同努力来解决这些问题；而促进各国合作能最好地帮助成员国建立一个更包容、更有弹性的全球经济。

44.很多问题都具有全球性特征，需要相互合作，包括反腐败、保护金融制度改革取得的进展、应对全球气候变化，以及改善全球贸易体系。各国政府也需要调整以应对技术进步所带来的对市场，尤其是对金融市场的影响。

【答案】41.Recently,theheadoftheInternationalMonetaryFundaffirmedthatglobalcooperationandunderstandingamongworldleadersisnecessarytoboostthecurrenteconomicrecoveryinthefaceofrisinggovernmentprotectionism.

42.Duetothenegativeeconomicgrowthinmanycountries,thecurrentglobaleconomicrecoveryremainsconstrained,whiletechnologyhasalsosuppressedmanypeople’sdesiretosucceed,leadingtowideningincomeinequality,whichinturnhasexacerbatedpoliticaltensionsinmanyregionsandincreasedsuspicionoftheglobalizationbenefits.

43.Economicrecoverywillmakestructuralreformseasierforcountries.Infact,thecurrentchallengesfacedbyallcountriesarecross-borderandneedthejointeffortsofallgovernmentstosolve.Promotingcooperationamongcountriesisthebestwaytohelpmemberstatesbuildamoreinclusiveandresilientglobaleconomy.

44.Manyissuesareglobalandrequirecooperation,includinganti-corruption,protectingprogressinfinancialsystemreforms,addressingglobalclimatechange,andimprovingtheglobaltradingsystem.Governmentsalsoneedtoadjusttotheimpactoftechnologicalprogress,whichwillalsoaffectthemarket,especiallyfinancialmarkets.

4.单选题

Andyet,despitethesepowerful_______togrowth,therecessionprovedsurprisinglymild.

问题1选项

A.counterforce

B.stimulants

C.concomitants

D.manipulation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项counterforce“反作用力”；B选项stimulants“兴奋剂”；C选项concomitants“相伴的事物”；D选项manipulation“操纵；处理”。句意：然而，尽管这些强大的_______在增长，但经济衰退却出乎意料地轻微。根据语境，counterforce“反作用力”搭配growth“增长”比较合理，也符合题意反作用力和经济衰退轻微的反差。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

Hedisplayedacompletelackofcourtesyandtactindealingwithhisemployer.

问题1选项

A.tenacity

B.curiosity

C.civility

D.hostility

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项tenacity“固执”；B选项curiosity“好奇”；C选项civility“礼貌”；D选项hostility“敌意”。句意：他与老板打交道时，他的言行完全缺乏礼貌，一点都不机智圆滑。C选项civility“礼貌”符合与老板交流的场景，和courtesy“礼貌”同义，符合题意。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

ThegeneticcharacteristicsofalllifeformsonearthareembodiedinthechemicalstructureofDNAmolecule.Anorganism’sDNAmoleculesprovideacompleteblueprintforitsphysicalmakeup.GeneticengineeringistheprocessofalteringtheDNAgeneticcodetocharacteristicsofplantsandanimals.Throughtheprocess,scientistscanliterallybuildtoordernewlifeformsthatperformdesiredfunctions.Forhundredsofyears,humanshaveengineeredthedevelopmentoffoodcropsanddomesticatedanimalsthroughselectivebreedingpractices.Forexample,themoderndairycowistheresultofcenturiesofcarefullybreedingindividualanimalsthatcarriedthegenetictraitforhighmilkproduction.However,newtechnologymakesitpossibleforscientiststorestructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthisobtainsmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast.ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnologyorgenesplicingthepiecesaccordingtoanewpattern.ThegenesplicedDNAmoleculemayhaveageneticcodethathasneverexistedbefore.

AlthoughrecombinantDNAtechnologyisstillinitsinfancy,ithasalreadydemonstrateditsvalue.Newcropbreedsproducedbyhisprocessarealreadygrowinginfarmers’fields.Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.Scientistsaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtoproduceimportantdrugssuchasinsulinandinterferoncheaply.Theyarealsoworkingonageneticallyengineeredgenerationofwonderdragstocombatcancerandotherkillerdiseases.However,therecombinantDNAtechnologybringswithitproblemsoursocietyhasnotpreviouslyfaced.Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.Thepossibilityofalteringhumangeneticstructureraisesseriousmoralpolitical,andsocialissues.Geneticengineeringillustratesdramaticallythepromisesandangersoftechnologicaldevelopment.Thedecisionsoursocietymakesaboutgeneticengineeringwillundoubtedlyhavetremendousconsequencesintheyearstocome.

31.Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.

32.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutrecombinantDNAtechnology?

33.Theword“alleviate”inparagraph2isnearestinmeaningto________.

34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.

35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsgenetictechnologiesis________.

问题1选项

A.TheBasicFunctionofGeneticEngineering

B.NewApplicationsofGeneticEngineering

C.RecombinantDNATechnology,ANewProcessinGeneticEngineering

D.ThePromises&DangersofTechnologicalDevelopment

问题2选项

A.Itcanbringaboutrapidandradicalgeneticchangesinlifeforms.

B.ItcanbeusedtorestructureDNAmoleculestoproducenewdesiredplantandanimalbreeds.

C.Itmayincreasetheriskofproducingsomeunexpecteddiseases.

D.Itprovesaneffectivewaytocurecancerandotherincurablediseases.

问题3选项

A.relieve

B.avoid

C.eliminate

D.terminate

问题4选项

A.therewillinevitablybeaheateddebateoverthegeneralapplicationoftherecombinantDNAtechnology

B.theuseoftherecombinantDNAtechnologyonhumanbeingswillbeforbidden

C.therecombinantDNAtechnologycanbetracedbacktohundredsofyearsago

D.seriousdilemmasmaybegeneratedwhenitisusedtomodifyhumangeneticcode

问题5选项

A.enthusiastic

B.indifferent

C.critical

D.objective

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】31.主旨大意题。第一段倒数第二句ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnology（这种新过程通常被称为DNA重组技术），随后文章讲DNA重组技术的好与坏，所以C选项“重组DNA技术，基因工程的新方法”正确。A选项“基因工程的基本功能”，B选项“基因工程的新应用”和D选项“技术发展的承诺与危险”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

32.推理判断题。A选项“能给生命形式带来迅速而彻底的基因变化”：根据第一段倒数第三句restructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthisobtainsmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast.（重组DNA分子本身，从而获得比过去更迅速、更彻底的基因变化。），符合题意。B选项“可以用来重组DNA分子来产生新的想要的植物和动物品种”：根据第二段第二句Newcropbreedsproducedbyhisprocessarealreadygrowinginfarmers’fields.（通过这种方法生产的新作物品种已经在农民的田地里生长。），符合题意。C选项“可能会增加产生一些意想不到的疾病的风险”：根据第二段第七句Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.（基因剪接可以产生新的疾病微生物，对我们或我们所依赖的动植物都是致命的。），符合题意。D选项“被证明是治疗癌症和其他不治之症的有效方法”：根据第二段第五句Theyarealsoworkingonageneticallyengineeredgenerationofwonderdragstocombatcancerandotherkillerdiseases.（他们还致力于用基因工程制造出一代神奇的药物来对抗癌症和其他致命疾病。），这不证明是有效的，不符合题意。因此D选项正确。

33.语义推测题。alleviate的意思是“缓解，减轻”。根据第二段第三句Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.（转基因作物可以抵抗害虫、疾病和干旱，这可能是减轻世界各地饥饿的重要努力。），世界各地的饥饿情况只能缓解，所以A选项“缓解，减轻”正确。B选项“避免”，C选项“消除”和D选项“终止”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

34.推理判断题。A选项“重组DNA技术的普遍应用将不可避免地引发一场激烈的辩论”和C选项“重组DNA技术可以追溯到几百年前”：文章没有提到。B选项“重组DNA技术在人类身上的使用将被禁止”：根据第二段第四句Scientistsaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtoproduceimportantdrugssuchasinsulinandinterferoncheaply.（科学家们正试图利用基因工程便宜地生产胰岛素和干扰素等重要药物。），可知重组DNA技术已经在人类身上使用，没有提到在未来会被禁止，不符合题意。D选项“当它被用来修改人类遗传密码时，可能会产生严重的困境”：根据第二段倒数第三句Thepossibilityofalteringhumangeneticstructureraisesseriousmoralpolitical,andsocialissues.（改变人类基因结构的可能性引发了严重的道德、政治和社会问题。），符合题意。因此D选项正确。

35.观点态度题。作者同时描述了DNA重组技术带来的好与坏，同时进行例证，所以D选项“客观”正确。A选项“热心”，B选项“冷漠”和C选项“批判”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

Youhavenothingto_______byrefusingtolistentoouradvice.

问题1选项

A.gain

B.grasp

C.seize

D.earn

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项gain“获益；得到（好处）”；B选项grasp“毫不犹豫地抓住（机会）；抓紧；理解”；C选项seize“把握（机会、时机、主动等）；（常指通过暴力突然）夺取”；D选项earn“赚钱；博得”。句意：如果你不听我们的建议，你就没有什么_______。根据语境，这里是指如果不听从建议，就得不到好处，所以gain“获益；得到（好处）”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

TheearlyyearsoftheUnitedStatesgovernmentwerecharacterizedbyadebateconcerning______orindividualstatesshouldhavemorepower.

问题1选项

A.whetherthefederalgovernment

B.eitherthefederalgovernment

C.thatthefederalgovernment

D.thefederalgovernment

【答案】A

【解析】考查状语从句。句意：美国政府早期的特点是一场关于是联邦政府还是州政府应该拥有更多权力的辩论。根据题目划分句子成分可知，concerning到句子结尾是修饰debate的后置定语，横线到句子结尾是修饰concerning的状语从句；either…or“或者……或者……”，whether…or…“是……还是……”，结合语境A选项whetherthefederalgovernment符合题意。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Heknewthatthearea’srichplantlifehadbeenseverely______bythehugeherdsofcowsgrazingtheland.

问题1选项

A.depleted

B.decomposed

C.corrupted

D.corroded

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项depleted“耗尽……的资源”；B选项decomposed“分解”；C选项corrupted“使恶化；使腐败”；D选项corroded“腐蚀”。句意：他知道这个地区大量的植被已经被大量放牧的牛群严重______。根据语境，depleted“耗尽……的资源”搭配richplantlife“丰富的植物”比较合理，意指植被资源被严重消耗。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Fibersofhairandwoolarenotcontinuousandmustnormallybespunintothread______wovenintotextilefabrics.

问题1选项

A.asarethey

B.whentobe

C.thattheyare

D.iftheyaretobe

【答案】D

【解析】考查状语从句。句意：毛发和羊毛纤维是无法连续不断，如果要织成纺织织物，通常必须纺成线。横线到句尾部分为条件状语从句。betodo可用于条件状语从句，意为“如果想……”；根据fibers和weave的被动关系确定用被动语态，D选项iftheyaretobe符合题意。因此D选项正确。

11.翻译题

SectionA:EnglishtoChinese(20points)

TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

AllthesignsarethatBritainiscavinginonthethreeissuesinthefirstphaseoftheBrexit(BritishexitEU)talks.TheresaMaywastoldshehadtoyieldbynextweektopersuadetheEuropeanUnionsummitonDecember14th-15thtoagreethattherehadbeensufficientprogresstobegintalksontransitionandafuturetradeframework.TheprimeministerhasdulymadebigconcessionsontherightsofEUcitizensinBritainandontheexitbill,perhapsenoughtopassthetest.Thereevenseemstobesomemovementonthetrickiestissueofall,howtoavoidahardborderbetweenNorthernIrelandandtheRepublic,makingaDecemberdealmorelikely—butstillnotcertain.

(36)Yetbehindthegoodnewlurksapersistentanddangerousthreat.ThemorethatMrs.Mayyields,themoresomeBrexiteersarguethatBritainshouldleaveonMarch29th2019withoutanydealatall.Evenifshewinsagreementtomovetophasetwoofthetalks,thelureofnodealwillnotdisappear.Brexiteershatetheconcessionsthatarebeingmadeinphaseone,especiallyovermoney.Andtradebuffsareunitedinpredictingthatthephasetwocouldproveevenmorepainful,withtheEUstickingtoarigidlineontradeterms.

(37)Evenso,mostpeopleseeBrexitwithnodealasadisastertobeavoidedatalmostanycost.Yettheideakeepsreturning,intwoguises.Thefirstistactical.Inanynegotiation,itissaid,onemustbewillingtowalkawaytogetagooddeal.ManyBrexiteersfaultDavidCameron,Mrs.May’spredecessor,formakingclearinhisrenegotiationofBritain’sEUmembershipbeforethereferendumthathewouldcampaigntostaynomatterwhatMrs.Maystillsaysnodealisbetterthanabaddeal.Brexiteerswerecock-a-hoopwhenthechancellor,PhillipHammond,setaside£3bn($3.6bn)forBrexitpreparations,includingfornodeal,inhisNovemberbudget.

(38)Thesecondguiseistheassertionthatnodealwouldnotreallybesobad.InsteadofpursuingthechimeraofagenerousfreetradedealwithacurmudgeonlyEU,BritaincouldreverttotradingonWorldTradeOrganizationterms(nevermindthatthiswouldnotbesimple).DavidDavis,theBrexitsecretary,saysnodealactuallymeansa“bare-bones”deal.Onthisbasis,thereisnoseriousriskthataircraftstopflyingornuclearmaterialsarenolongerimported.Rationalpeopleonbothsidescanseehowdamagingthiswouldbetoall,sotheywillpreventit.

Yetthisideaofa“soft”nodealisnotpersuasive.Ano-dealBrexitwoulddamageotherEUcountries,buthitBritainharder.(39)Anditdefiespoliticallogictothinkthatadecisiontowalkoutwithnodealcanbeharmonious.Itwouldmeannotpayingtheexitbill.ItwouldjeopardizethepositionofEUcitizensinBritain.AnditwoulddashhopesofthedeepnewpartnershipthatMrs.Maysaysshewants.Amidtherecriminationsandbadblood,theEUwouldsurelylooktoitsowninterestsfirst.

BrexiteersoftenforgetthattheEUisalegalasmuchasapoliticalconstruct.IfBritainleftwithnodealandnotransition,itwouldfalloutofallEUorganizations,fromEuratomtotheEuropeanMedicinesAgency(EMA).TheEuropeanCourtofJustice(ECJ)wouldlosejurisdiction.EvenifallsideswantedBritaintostayinsuchbodies,itmightnotbelegallypossible.

(40)OxfordEconomicshasmodelledtheeffectsofBrexitwithnodealandsaysthatitwouldlopacumulative2%offBritain’sGDPbytheendof2020,equivalenttosome£40bn.ThatisfarbiggerthantheimpactonotherEUcountries.Beforethereferendum,theTreasuryforecastevenbiggerlossesofoutput.Suchnumbersareespeciallydauntingwhenannualgrowthforecastsforthenextfewyearshavejustbeentrimmedtoaslittleas1.3%.

【答案】36.然而，在这良好新局势的背后隐藏着持久而危险的威胁。特蕾莎•梅越是屈服，一些英国脱欧支持者就越争辩说英国应该在2019年3月29日无协议脱欧。即使她赢得准许进入第二阶段谈判的协议，但无协议的诱惑也不会消失。英国脱欧支持者讨厌在第一阶段做出的让步，尤其是在金钱方面。贸易爱好者一致预测，由于欧盟在贸易条件上坚持的强硬态度，第二阶段可能会更加艰难。

37.即便如此，大部分人认为英国无协议脱欧是一场灾难，应该几乎不惜一切代价避免。然而，这种看法一直受到两种形式的反击。首先是战术上的。通常来说，在任何谈判中，一方必须愿意离开以达成良好交易。许多英国脱欧支持者指责戴维•卡梅伦（特蕾莎•梅的前任），因为在公投前就英国的欧盟成员国资格重新谈判时，他明确表示无论梅说什么，无协议总比糟糕的协议好，他都会努力争取留在欧盟。

38.第二种是断定无协议不会真的那么糟糕。英国可以回归到按照世贸组织的条款进行交易（尽管这不简单），而不是争取和一个吝啬的欧盟达成慷慨的自由贸易协议。英国“脱欧”事务大臣大卫戴维斯表示，无协议实际上意味着“降到最低限度的”协议。基于此，不存在飞机停飞或不再进口核材料的严重风险。

39.如果英国可以没有争端地无协议退出欧盟，这就有违政治逻辑。这意味着不赔偿就退出，会降低欧盟公民在英国的地位，也会破坏特蕾莎•梅所希望的和新伙伴的亲密关系。在相互指责和嫌隙中，欧盟肯定会首先考虑自己的利益。

40.牛津经济研究院模拟了英国无协议脱欧的影响，称到2020年底，英国国内生产总值将累计减少2%，相当于约400亿英镑。这比对其他欧盟国家的影响要大得多。在公投前，财政部预测产量损失甚至更大。未来几年的年度增长预测下调至1.3%，这令人尤为畏惧。

12.单选题

Beforeturningtowriting,Ispenteightyearsasalawyer______abouthowlifewouldbewithaprominentfatherblazingmytrail.

问题1选项

A.fantasizing

B.fascinating

C.facilitating

D.finalizing

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fantasizing“想象，幻想”；B选项fascinating“使着迷”；C选项facilitating“促进；使便利”；D选项finalizing“最终确定（计划、协议等）”。句意：在开始写作之前，我做了八年的律师，______如果有一位杰出的父亲为我开路，生活会是怎样的。根据howlifewouldbe可知这里使用了虚拟语气，所以fantasizing“想象，幻想”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

13.翻译题

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)

TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

Economistsdon’tforecastbecausetheyknow,theyforecastbecausethey’reasked.(36)Aquestionthatisincreasinglyputtothemiswhetherinflation,whichhasbeenremarkablyquiescentforyears,willspringasurprisein2016.Afterall,thedebttroublesthathaveweigheddownricheconomiessince2007arefading;labormarketsinAmerica,BritainandGermanyareincreasinglytight;housingmarketsaregatheringsteam;andtheFederalReservehasjustraisedinterestratesforthefirsttimeinalmostadecade.

InflationinAmericaandEuropeshouldindeedpickupfromitspresent,near-zerostateasthebigdeclinesinenergypricesattheturnof2015dropoutoftheheadlinerate.Butaglutinthesupplyofcrudemeansthatoilpricesarefallingagain.(37)Ifdebtisrecedingasaprobleminrichcountries,itloomslargerinemergingmarkets,whereovercapacitybroughtonbybinge（放纵、沉溺）borrowingexertsadownwardforceonprices.Thereisinflationincommodity-exportingcountries,suchasBrazil,whosecurrencieshavebeentrashed.Butglobalinflationisatug-ofwarbetweenbottlenecksinpartsoftherichworldandimporteddeflationfromemergingmarkets,andtheenduringfallorstagnationofpriceslookssettodominateforawhileyet.

StartwithSaudiArabia.Thefallingpriceofcrudeisinpartaconsequenceofitscommitment(reiteratedbyOPECministersonDecember4th)toproduceatfulltilt.TheideaistoflushouttheweakerproducersinAmerica’sshale-oilindustryandelsewhere.(38)Thisisprovingacostlygambit.SaudiArabianeedsabarrelofoiltofetcharound$85tofinancepublicspendingandaround$60tokeepitscurrentaccountinbalance.Yettheoilpricerecentlyfellbelow$36,toan11-yearlow,beforereboundingalittle.Americahassustainedoilproductionofabove9mbarrelsaday,despiteasharpfallinthenumberofoilrigs,suggestingthatshalefirmsarebecomingmoreefficient.

Oneoutcomefromcontinuedlow-flationwillbeincreasinglylopsidedeconomiesintherichworld,particularlyinAmerica,whererecoveryismoreadvancedthaninEurope.(39)Ifproductivitystaysasweakasithasbeenrecently,unemploymentislikelytofallstillfurther.Atthesametime,slowgrowthinemergingmarketsislikelytokeepdownwardpressureoncommoditypricesandontheircurrencies.AstrongdollarhasalreadydrivenawedgebetweentheperformanceofAmerica’smanufacturingandserviceindustries.FurtherappreciationwouldmakeitharderfortheFederalReservetopushthroughmoreincreasesininterestrates.

【答案】36.一个问题越发常见：沉寂多年的通货膨胀，会否在2016年突然爆发。毕竟，自从2007年以来，拖累经济发展的债务问题正在消退；美国、英国和德国的劳动力市场日趋紧张；房地产市场正蓄势待发；最近美联储近十年来第一次提高利率。

37.如果发达国家的债务不再是一个问题，那就会隐现在新兴市场，过度借贷迫使价格下降而导致生产力过剩。巴西等商品出口国出现了通货膨胀，货币已经贬值。但是全球通货膨胀是部分发达国家的瓶颈期和新兴市场的输入型通货紧缩之间的拉锯战，而持久的价格下跌或停滞看来还会持续一段时间。

38.事实证明，这是一个代价高昂的策略。沙特阿拉伯需要每桶石油卖85美元才能支撑公共支出，需要卖60美元才能维持收支平衡。然而，最近油价在回升之前跌破36美元，创11年新低。

39.如果生产力持续疲软，失业率可能会进一步下降。与此同时，新兴市场的缓慢增长可能会给大宗商品价格和货币带来下行压力。强势美元已在美国制造业和服务业之间造成了裂痕。进一步升值将使美联储更难推动进一步加息。

14.单选题

Althoughtheinsistenceonbalancingspendingagainsttaxrevenueshascontributedtotheeconomy’sstagnation,unfortunately,thegovernmentdoesnotseemlikelyto_______thisrigidpolicy.

问题1选项

A.persistin

B.initiate

C.repudiate

D.continue

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项persistin“坚持，固执于”；B选项initiate“创始；发起”；C选项repudiate“拒绝；（正式）否认；断绝关系”；D选项continue“继续；连续”。句意：尽管坚持收支平衡导致经济停滞，不幸的是，政府似乎不太可能_______这个僵化的政策。根据语境，这里指坚持收支平衡这个僵化的政策让经济停滞，但政府大有可能继续坚持这个政策，所以repudiate“（正式）否认”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

Notonly______muchbiggerthananyplanet,butunliketheplanets,itconsistscompletelyofgaseousmaterial.

问题1选项

A.thesunis

B.thesun,whichis

C.isthesun

D.thatthesun

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：太阳不仅比任何行星都要大得多，而且不同的是，它完全由气体物质组成。根据题目和选项确定考查固定搭配notonly…but的部分倒装，notonly放在句首的倒装结构为notonly+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+其他，C选项isthesun选项符合题意。因此C选项正确。

16.单选题

BorisYeltsin,Russia’s______president,died.HisfuneralinMoscowwasattendedbyabevyofworldleaderspastandpresent.

问题1选项

A.prior

B.past

C.former

D.late

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：俄罗斯______总统鲍里斯•叶利钦去世。C选项formerpresident“前任总统”为固定搭配，其余选项非固定搭配也不符合句意。因此C选项正确。

17.单选题

Ateverystageofearlydevelopment,humanbabieslagbehindinfantsfromotherspecies.Akittencanambleacrossaroomwithinmomentsofbirthandcatchitsfirstmousewithinweeks,whileitswide-eyedhumancounterparttakesmonthstomakeherfirststep,andyearstolearnevensimpletasks,suchashowtotieashoelaceorskiparope,letaloneprepareathree-coursemeal.Yet,inthecognitiverace,huma