2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号8

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Withtheincreasingunemploymentrate,femaleworkerswhoare45to55yearsoldareusuallythefirsttobe（

）.

问题1选项

A.laidaside

B.laidup

C.laidout

D.laidoff

【答案】D

【解析】动词词组辨析题。layaside“放弃（某种习惯），积蓄（金钱），把…放在一边”；layup“放置不用，贮存，储蓄，使（某人）待在床上或室内”；layout“设计;展示，安排”；layoff“暂时解雇，裁员，停止工作”；根据句意‘随着失业率不断上升，45-55岁的女性工人通常最先被（

）。’确定D选项正确。

2.单选题

Thisbookisthe（

）ofsome20yearsofscientificresearch.

问题1选项

A.participation

B.tolerance

C.alliance

D.outcome

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项participation“参与；分享；参股”；B选项tolerance“公差；宽容；容忍”；C选项alliance“联盟；联姻”；D选项outcome“结果；成果”。句意：这本书是20多年科学研究的……。由句意和选项分析可知，书只能是研究“成果”，因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Absolutelyoneofthefinestbuysonthemarket.Spacioushomewithlargelivingroom,separate15-footdiningroomwithcrystalchandelierandbuilt-inbuffet,paneledfamilyroomwithfireplace,hugekitchenwithlotsofcabinets,bigcheerybreakfastroom,2.5baths,4hugebedrooms(oneisseparateandcouldbeaplayroomorofferscompleteprivacywithseparateentranceforguests).Thereisacoveredpatioandlandscapedyard.Betterthannewwithdraperiesandnewaircompressor.$160,000.CallLaneHitcher(home)926-6043.

1.Whatroomintheaboveadvertisementisdescribedashavingseveralpossibleuses?

2.Whichroomisdescribedinthemostdetail?

3.Whatdetailisemphasizedinthedescriptionofmostrooms?

4.Onefeatureofthehousethatisnotmentionedis（

）.

5.The“buffet”mentionedinthedescriptionis（

）.

问题1选项

A.thediningroom

B.thefamilyroom

C.onebedroom

D.theplayroom

问题2选项

A.thelivingroom

B.thediningroom

C.thefamilyroom

D.thekitchen

问题3选项

A.cheerfulness

B.built-ins

C.typeofchandeliers

D.size

问题4选项

A.thedraperies

B.thewalk-inclosetinthebedroom

C.thelandscapedyard

D.panelinginthefamilyroom

问题5选项

A.alightfixture

B.alargemeal

C.abookcase

D.aservingtableforfood

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。由题干关键词room定位到文章第二句，句中详细提到了许多功能房间，有一个例外，括号中提到“oneisseparateandcouldbeaplayroomorofferscompleteprivacywithseparateentranceforguests一个独立的房间，可以是一个娱乐室或提供完全的私密空间”，而这个房间是4个大卧室中的一间。因此C选项正确。

2.事实细节题。本题需要找出描写最详细的房间，依然在第二句中观察，只有餐厅使用了“separate单独的”、“15-foot15英尺长”、“crystalchandelier水晶吊灯”和“built-inbuffet内置餐台”修饰，因此对于餐厅的描述最为详细。B选项正确。

3.事实细节题。本题需要找出的是房间描述中最为强调的细节。A选项cheerfulness“高兴”相关词汇cheery仅出现在早餐室的描述中；B选项builts-ins“内置设施”出现在厨房的描述中，在描述家庭活动室时使用了“paneledwithfireplace镶嵌着壁炉”同样也是内置设施；C选项“typeofchandeliers吊灯类型”出现在对餐厅的描述中；D选项“size尺寸”只出现在对餐厅的描写中。因此B选项正确。

4.判断推理题。这所房子没有提到的一个细节需要用排除法解决。A选项thedraperies“装饰织物”出现在倒数第二句；C选项thelandscapedyard“带景观的源自”出现在倒数第三句；D选项panelinginthefamilyroom“家庭娱乐室的镶板”出现在第二句中。因此B选项符合题意。

5.词义推断题。Buffet出现在对餐厅的描述中。A选项alightfixture“灯具；照明设备”；B选项alargemeal“一顿大餐”；C选项abookcase“一个书柜”；D选项aservingtableforfood“放置食物的餐桌”。待售房屋的餐厅中应该有的是餐桌，D选项正确。

4.单选题

Theattorneywantedto（

）theprocess,asherclientwasbecomingimpatient.

问题1选项

A.expedite

B.evaluate

C.reverse

D.justify

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。expedite“加快进展，迅速完成”；evaluate“评价，估价”;reverse“颠倒，掉换”；justify“为…辩护，对…做出解释”；根据句意‘律师想（

）进度，因为她的客户变得不耐烦了。’确定A选项“加快进展，迅速完成”符合题意。

5.单选题

TheTVnewsmagazinesitspreciselyatthe（

）ofinformationandentertainment,forwhileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither.

问题1选项

A.foundation

B.juncture

C.institution

D.cessation

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。foundation“基础，地基，创立”；juncture“接缝，接合”；institution“制度，建立，（社会或宗教等）公共机构”；cessation“停止，中止”。根据句中“whileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither虽然它不是愚蠢的情景喜剧，但它也不是记录片。”可知空格处的句意是‘电视新闻杂志正好位于信息与娱乐的结合处，’B选项的“结合”正确。

6.单选题

Isthatlovelygirloverthere（

）SusanBlakewhousedtobesofat?

问题1选项

A.an

B.a

C.the

D.one

【答案】C

【解析】语法---冠词和代词的使用。句意：在那边的那位可爱的女孩是过去一直如此胖的苏珊•布莱克？由句中“whousedtobesofat过去一直如此胖”可知SusanBlake为特定的某人，所以用表示特指的定冠词the，C选项正确。不定冠词a与an及代词one—般用来表示非特别指代的一个。

7.翻译题

It’snobletoseektruth,anditisbeautifultofindit.Itistheancientfeelingofthehumanheart,thatknowledgeisbetterthanriches;anditisdeeplyandsacredlytrue.Tomarkthecourseofhumanpassionsastheyhaveflowedonintheagesthatarepast;toseewhynationshaverisen,andwhytheyhavefallen;tospeakofheat,andlight,andthewinds;toknowwhatmanhasdiscoveredintheheavensaboveandintheearthbeneath…….Itisworthwhileinthedaysofouryouthtostrivehardforthisgreatdiscipline.Amanwhodedicateshislifetoknowledge,becomeshabituatedtopleasurewhichcarrieswithitnoregret.

【答案】追求真理是高尚的，发现真理是美好的。知识胜于财富，这是人类心灵的一种古老的感觉;这是千真万确的。它记录人类激情的历程，因为它们在过去的年代里一直在流动；它看国家为何兴起，为何衰落。它提起热、光和风；它知道人类在天上地下都发现了什么…….在我们年轻的时候，为这门伟大的学科而努力奋斗是值得的。一个把一生献给知识的人，就会习惯于它带来的乐趣而不后悔。

8.单选题

The（

）theyfeltforeachotherwasobvioustoeveryonewhosawthem.

问题1选项

A.affection

B.adherence

C.sensibility

D.sensitivity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项affection“喜爱；感情；感染；影响”；B选项adherence“坚持；依附；忠诚”；C选项sensibility“敏感性；识别力；感觉”；D选项sensitivity“敏感；敏感性；过敏”。句意：每一个看到他们的人都知道他们对彼此的……。综合句意和选项可知，此处能让人看出来的是对彼此的“感情”，A选项正确。

9.单选题

Themostimportant（

）forassessmentinthiscontestisoriginalityofdesign.

问题1选项

A.threshold

B.partition

C.warrant

D.criterion

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项threshold“入口；门槛；开始；极限”；B选项partition“划分，分开；隔离物”；C选项warrant“根据；证明；正当理由”；D选项criterion“标准；准则；规范”。句意：在这次比赛中，最重要的评判……是设计的原创性。比赛中有的是“评判标准”，因此D选项正确。

10.单选题

Withintenyearstheyhavetamedthe（

）hillintogreenwoods.

问题1选项

A.vacant

B.barren

C.weird

D.wasteful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vacant“空虚的；空的；空闲的”；B选项barren“贫瘠的，荒芜的；不生育的；无益的”；C选项weird“怪异的；超自然的”；D选项wasteful“浪费的；不经济的；奢侈的”。句意：十年之内，他们将那座……山开垦成了绿林。由句意可知此处表示“荒山”，能表示此义的只有B选项barrenhill“荒山”。

11.单选题

Thepsychologistswerepleasedthattheirtheoryhadbeen（

）bythenewresearch.

问题1选项

A.fortified

B.altered

C.disputed

D.developed

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。fortify“加强，支持，证实”；alter“改变”；dispute“辩论，争论”；develop“发展，形成”；根据句意‘心理学家非常高兴，因为最新的研究（

）他们的理论。’确定A选项正确。

12.单选题

Nowthecheersandapplause（

）inasinglesustainedroar.

问题1选项

A.mingled

B.tangled

C.baffled

D.huddled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项mingle“混合；交往”；B选项tangle“使……缠结在一起；打架”；C选项baffle“使……困惑；使……受挫折”；D选项huddle“挤在一起；蜷缩；靠拢”。句意：现在欢呼声和掌声……在一个持续的呼喊中。综合句意与选项可知，此处表示“欢呼声与掌声混合”，A选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Themayor（

）hisspeechtosuitthecrowdofhomelesspeoplegatheredinhisoffice.

问题1选项

A.intoned

B.expanded

C.tailored

D.shortened

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。intone“吟诵，吟咏”；expand“扩大，扩展”；tailor“剪裁;使合适”；shorten“缩短，变短”。根据句意‘为了迎合聚集于自己办公室的无家可归的人，市长（

）自己的演说。’确定C选项正确。

14.单选题

Tomwastotally（

）whenhereceivedaContheexaminhistory,forhewaspositivethathecouldhavegotanA.

问题1选项

A.elated

B.frustrated

C.incited

D.contented

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当汤姆得知历史考试得了个C后，非常沮丧，因为他自信地认为可以得A。elate“得意”；frustrate“沮丧”；incite“煽动”；content“使满足”。根据句意，选项B符合题意。

15.单选题

Excellentfilmsarethosewhich（

）nationalandculturalbarriers.

问题1选项

A.transcend

B.traverse

C.abolish

D.suppress

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项transcend“胜过，超越”；B选项traverse“穿过”；C选项abolish“废除；取消”；D选项suppress“抑制；镇压；废止”。句意：优秀的电影是那些能……国家和文化的障碍的电影。四个选项中能与“障碍”搭配的是A选项“transcend超越”。

16.翻译题

由于对急剧上涨的油价和气候变化的日益担心，生物燃料变成了绿色技术革命的先锋，除了作为替代能源外，还希望它在此过程中减缓全球变暖趋势。但是，近期的几项研究表明，生物燃料不但没有实现其提倡者的良好愿望，相反却加剧了全球变暖，并还以拯救地球的名义危害着地球。的确，生物燃料在某种程度上减轻了人们对进口石油的依赖，使某些农民综合企业致富的同时，也给农民创造了就业机会。但是大多数生物燃料遇到的一个基本问题实际上很简单：将土地用于生产生物燃料所需的作物，导致储存了大量碳的森林、湿地和草地被毁，这是研究人员一直没注意到的问题.

【答案】Duetogrowingconcernsaboutclimatechangesandthesharpriseinoilprices,peoplehaveturnedbio-fuelsintothepioneerofgreentechnologyrevolution,whichisexpectedtoslowglobalwarmingintheprocessinadditiontobeinganalternativeenergysource.Butseveralrecentstudiessuggestedthatbio-fuelshaveworsenedglobalwarminginsteadoffulfillingthegoodwishesofitsadvocates,andarecontributingtoglobalwarmingandharmingtheplanetinthenameofsavingit.Indeed,bio-fuelshavereducedpeople'sdependenceonimportedoiltoacertainextentandcreatedemploymentopportunitiesforfarmerswhilemakingsomeruralcomprehensiveenterprisesrich.Butonefundamentalproblemthatmostbio-fuelsiscurrentlyencounteringisactuallyverysimple:theusageoflandforproducingcropsrequiredbybio-fuelshasleadedtodestructionsoflargeareasofforests,wetlandsandgrasslandswhichareusedtostorealotofcarbons.Andourresearchershavepaidnoattentiontothisproblem.

17.翻译题

爱因斯坦出生于德国南部的一个犹太中产阶级家庭。母亲非常喜欢音乐。爱因斯坦受她的影响很大。她鼓励小爱因斯坦对小提琴和古典音乐的爱好。他的父亲，一名工程师，对爱因斯坦的影响甚微。不过，是他送给了他五岁儿子那个著名的玩具指南针，促发了小爱因斯坦的第一次“思想实验”：玩具中的针为什么总指向北？爱因斯坦后来成为一位伟大的物理学家。他的思想早己超出了科学范围，影响着从绘画到诗歌的现代文化。

【答案】Einsteinwasborninamiddle-classJewishfamilyinsouthernGermany.Hewasstronglyimpactedbyhismotherwhowasfondofmusic.Sheencouragedhispassionfortheviolinandclassicalmusic.Hisfather,anengineer,hadlittleeffectonEinstein.Butitwashewhogavehisfive-year-oldsonthefamoustoycompassthatinspiredyoungEinstein’sfirst“thoughtexperiment”—whatmadetheneedlealwayspointnorth?Later,Einsteinbecameagreatphysicist.Hisideashavegonebeyondscience,influencingmodernculturefrompaintingtopoetry.

18.单选题

Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.Forexample,theymustmakesuretheyconstructmeasuresthataremeaningfulforeachoftheculturalorethnicminoritygroupsbeingstudied.

Inconductingresearchoncultureandethnicminorityissues,investigatorsdistinguishbetweentheemicapproachandtheeticapproach.Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandwittothePeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.Ifresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinanemicfashion,theirconcernisonlythatthequestionsaremeaningfultotheparticularcultureorethnicgroupbeingstudied.If,however,theresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinaneticfashion,theywanttoincludequestionsthatreflectconceptsfamiliartoallculturesinvolved.

Howmighttheemicandeticapproachesbereflectedinthestudyoffamilyprocesses?Intheemicapproach,theresearchersmightchoosetofocusonlyonmiddle-classWhitefamilies,withoutregardforwhethertheinformationobtainedinthestudycanbegeneralizedorisappropriateforethicminoritygroups.Inasubsequentstudytheresearchersmaydecidetoadoptaneticapproachbystudyingnotonlymiddle-class,Whitefamilies,butalsolower-incomeWhitefamilies,BlackAmericanfamilies,SpanishAmericanfamilies,andAsianAmericanfamilies.Instudyinginethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.Ifso,theemicapproachwouldrevealadifferentpatternoffamilyinteractionthanwouldtheeticapproach,documentingthatresearchwithmiddle-classWhitefamiliescannotalwaysbegeneralizedtoallethnicgroups.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,researchersunfamiliarwiththetargetculturesareinclinedto（

）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheemicapproachandtheeticapproach?

3.Comparedwiththeeticapproach,theemicapproachisapparentlymore

（

）.

4.Theeticapproachisconcernedwith

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheethnicminorityfamiliesintheU.S.accordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.beovercautiousinconstructingmeaningfi.ilmeasures

B.viewthemfromtheirownculturalperspective

C.guardagainstinterferencefromtheirownculture

D.acceptreadilywhatisalientotheirownculture

问题2选项

A.Theyhavedifferentresearchfocusesinthestudyofethnicissues.

B.Theformerisbiasedwhilethelatterisobjective.

C.Theformerconcentratesonthestudyofculturewhilethelatteronfamilyissues.

D.Theyarebothheavilydependentonquestionnairesinconductingsurveys.

问题3选项

A.culturallyinteractive

B.culture-oriented

C.culturallybiased

D.culture-specific

问题4选项

A.thegeneralcharacteristicsofminorityfamilies

B.culture-relatedconceptsofindividualethnicgroups

C.featuressharedbyvariousculturesorethnicgroups

D.theeconomicconditionsofdifferenttypesoffamilies

问题5选项

A.Theirculturalpatternsareusuallymoreadaptable.

B.Theirculturalconceptsaredifficulttocomprehend.

C.Theydon’tinteractwitheachothersomuchasWhitefamilies.

D.TheyhavecloserfamilytiesthanWhitefamilies.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。由题干关键信息定位到文章一段第一句“Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.不熟悉他们所研究的文化和种族的研究人员必须采取额外的预防措施，以摆脱他们从自己的文化带来的任何偏见。”可知研究人员很容易带着文化偏见（从自己的文化角度）去研究其他文化。B选项“从他们自己的文化角度来看待（其他文化）”符合题意。

2.判断推理题。theemicapproachandtheeticapproach“主位法和非位法”出现在第二段中，“Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandwittothePeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.在主位方法中，研究者的目标是描述一个文化或种族群体的行为，这个行为明确对那个文化或种族群体的人来说是有意义的或智慧的，而不考虑其他文化或种族群体。在非遗传方法中，研究者的目标是描述行为，以便对不同文化群里中的行为进行归纳。”也就是说，这两种方法的区别在于侧重点不同，因此，A选项“他们对民族问题的研究重点不同”正确。

3.事实细节题。由上题分析可知，theemicapproach专注于对特定文化群体的行为进行描述，因此D选项“文化特异性”正确。A选项“文化互动性”；B选项“文化导向性”；C选项“文化偏见性”。

4.事实细节题。由27题分析可知，theeticapproach专注于比对不同文化群体的行为特征，因此C选项“不同文化或民族的共同特征”符合题意。

5.判断推理题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中“Instudyinginethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.通过对少数民族家庭的研究，研究人员可能会发现，与美国白人家庭相比，少数民族家庭的大家庭更是一个支持系统。”因此，比起白人家庭，少数民族家庭成员间的联系应更为紧密。因此D选项“他们的家庭关系比白人家庭更紧密”符合题意。

19.单选题

Peoplearegettingabetterideaoftheneedtoprotect（

）propertyrights.

问题1选项

A.knowledge

B.intelligence

C.intellectual

D.leaning

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配辨析题。knowledge“知识，学问，知道”；intelligence“智力，情报工作，理解力”：intellectual“智力的，聪明的，理智的”；intellectualpropertyrights“知识产权”；leaning“倾向，爱好；倾斜”。本题考察固定搭配intellectualpropertyrights“知识产权”，句意是‘大家正更好地理解保护知识产权的需要。’C选项正确。

20.单选题

Successas（

）byeconomicoutputbearsnocloserelationshiptohumanachievement.

问题1选项

A.decided

B.achieved

C.assured

D.measured

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：靠经济输出来获得的成功与人类成就没有紧密的联系。achievesuccess“获得成功”，选项B符合题意。

21.单选题

Facebookandmobilephonesmeanthatmanyfeeltheycanneverhavetimeofffromplaygroundgossip.Parentstoldmehowtheirdaughtersworriedabouttheirbodyimagefromasyounganageasseven.Forparentsofmygeneration,contemplatinghowourchildrenarefearing,andwhetherwearegivingthemwhattheytrulyneed,isnotaneasythingtodo.Ihavetwosonsagedsevenandfour,myhusbandandIbothworkfull-time.Thereistheinevitablepushandpulloftimetables,anxietyabouthavingenoughtimewiththeboys,andparticularlyaboutwhetherwe'reequippingthemtocopewiththeacademicandsocialpressuresthatlieahead.

Whenwepolledmorethan1,000parentswhousethewebsiteMumsnet,theresultsrevealedwidespreadconcernamongparentsaboutpressureschildrenfacetoday.Twothirds(64percent)saidthereistoomuchtestinginschools,78percentsaidchildrendon'tgettoplayoutdoorsenoughontheirown,andthreequarters(75percent)feltthatlongworkinghoursmadeitdifficulttospendenoughtimewiththeirfamily.Thestatisticsalsopointtoadramaticriseinthelevelofchildhooddepressionoverthecourseofageneration.

Threeyearsago,Britainrankedbottomoutof21countriesinaUNsurveyofchildren'swellbeingintheworld.Oneinfouroftheparentswequestionedsaidtheybelievedtheirkidsarelesshappythantheywereatthesameage.Aworryingconsequenceofallofthisisthedramaticriseinmentalhealthproblemsintheyoung,upbyashocking70percentsincethe1970s.Oneintenofourteenagechildrennowhasadiagnosablementalhealthcondition.

ImetAnnabelleDavies,a19-year-oldwhohadbeenanoutgoing,academicallygiftedyoungschoolgirl.Aftershemissedafewweeksofschoolaged15duetoavirus,shefellbehindwithherschoolwork,andfoundshecouldnolongercope.Thedepressionthatsetinwaspunctuatedbysuicideattemptsandperiodsinacutepsychiatricunits.Atherlowestpoints,herexhaustedparentscouldn'triskleavingheralone.Annabellehassufferedseveredepressionfornearlyfiveyears,isnowpainfullythinandexistsonheavymedication.Wesatandchattedonhermum’ssofa,‘Ifeltpressuredtobedoingwellinmyexams,togetgoodgrades,togoontouniversity-andwasscaredIwasgoingtoletpeopledown,thatIwasgoingtofail.Ifeltphysicallysick.Icouldn'tstopcrying.IfeltthatwhateverIdidwouldn'tbeenough.Andyouhateyourselfbecauseyou'reweak”

OneoftheexpertsIspoketo,TimGill,achildhoodplayconsultant,believesthatcontemporarypressures,combinedwiththewaywenowraiseandeducateourchildren,isleavingmanyunabletocope.Forhim,it’stimetogobacktobasics-freedomtoplay,toexploreandtomakemistakes:"Ithinkbacktomyownchildhood,whenmygenerationroamedfarandwide.Buttoday'schildrenarenotfree-ranged-they'rebattery-reared."

Happily,therearesignsthatsomeparents,schoolsandevenpoliticiansarenowstartingtowiseup.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor’sfamilythat（

）.

2.Howmanyparentshavelimitedtimewiththeirchildrenaccordingtothepoll?

3.Accordingtothepassage,TimGillholdstheideathat

（

）.

4.Howdoestheauthorthinkaboutthechildhooddepressionbynow?

问题1选项

A.sonscausemuchpressuretoparentsthandaughters

B.oneoftheparentsshouldleaveworkfortheirchild

C.socialpressureisgoodforchildren’sfuturedevelopment

D.it’shardtomakechildrenequippedtovariouspressures

问题2选项

A.Two-thirds.

B.Seventy-eightpercent.

C.Threequarters.

D.Morethanonethousand.

问题3选项

A.peopleshouldeducatetheirchildrenbythemselves

B.socialpressureisgoodforchildrentobecomemature

C.today'schildrenbearmorestudyburdenthanbefore

D.childrenneedmorestimulusfromschoolsandsociety

问题4选项

A.It’soptimistictoseesomechangesonthisproblem.

B.Sheistotallydepressedbythepolitician'sefforts.

C.Mostschoolsbegintodoabetterjobthanbefore.

D.Itsreflectionoftheparents’childhoodfailure.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第一段最后一句‘Thereistheinevitablepushandpulloftimetables,anxietyabouthavingenoughtimewiththeboys,andparticularlyaboutwhetherwe'reequippingthemtocopewiththeacademicandsocialpressuresthatlieahead.时间安排不可避免地会带来压力，孩子们会因为有足够的时间而焦虑，尤其是我们是否准备好让他们应付未来的学业和社会压力。’确定D选项‘要使孩子们适应各种压力是很困难的’符合题意。

2.根据文章第二段第二句话‘threequarters(75percent)feltthatlongworkinghoursmadeitdifficulttospendenoughtimewiththeirfamily.四分之三(75%)的人认为长时间的工作让他们很难有足够的时间和家人在一起。’确定C选项‘四分之三’符合题意。

3.根据文章倒数第二段确定TimGill的观点是当今的孩子们的压力比之前的大得多，所以C选项符合题意，正确。

4.根据文章最后一句‘Happily,therearesignsthatsomeparents,schoolsandevenpoliticiansarenowstartingtowiseup.高兴地是，已经有兆头显示有一些父母和学校甚至政治家已经意识到这个问题‘确定A选项‘在这个问题上看到一些变化是乐观的’正确。

22.翻译题

Ifwemeanbycapitalismamethodoforganizingtheeconomywhichrestsontheprofitmotiveandthefreeplayofmarketforces,thenwecanbequitesurethatitwillbearoundforthe21stcentury.Themotivationtocompete,toownandacquirewealthisafundamentalfactofhumanexistence,justliketheneedtoeatorsleep.It’snotgoingtobeeradicated.

Onceyouacceptthatcompetitionviamarketsandpricesisthemaindrivingforceofeconomiclife,thesecondlessonisthatwhilethisisnecessaryitisnotasufficientmechanismfororderingsociety.Purefreecapitalismhadabrief,ifpowerful,heydayfromthelate1970stotheearly1990s,butitisnowclearthatphaseisover.Ifthedenialofcapitalismhasutterlyfailed,sohasthebeliefthatmarketsalonearesufficientcontrol—thoughithasnotfailedquitesospectacularly.

Idon’texpecttoseeanothereconomiccrisisofthescaleofthatinthe1970sforatleastanotherfifteenyears.Whenitdoeseventuallycome,itwillprobablybefromsometotallyunexpecteddirection.Unemploymentwillcontinuetodecline,andwhenpeoplenolongerfearthelossoftheirjobs,soadegreeofcomplacencycreepsinandtheirvalueschange.

Itmaywellbeexactlythatprocesswhich,ironically,causesthenexteconomiccrisis—butit’salongwayyet.

【答案】如果我们说的资本主义制度是指一种依靠利润动机和市场力量自由发挥的经济组织方法，那我们就可以确信它将在21世纪继续存在。就像人类生存的基本事实是需要去竞争、拥有和获取财富的动力一样，它不会被消除。

一旦你接受市场和价格的竞争是经济生活的主要驱动力这一观点，那么第二个经验教训就是，尽管这种竞争是必须的，但这种机制还不足以帮助建立有序社会。从20世纪70年代末到90年代初，完全自由的资本主义有一个短暂、强大的鼎盛时期，但是现在已经很清楚，那个阶段结束了。如果对资本主义制度的否定已经完全失败，那种市场足以自我调控的想法也已经失败——虽然它的失败没有那么引人注目。

至少在下一个15年，我不希望看到另一场像20世纪70年代那样规模的经济危机。如果它最终真的来临，很可能会来自某个完全意想不到的方向。失业率将继续下降；而当人们不再担心失去工作时，一定程度的自满就会悄然而至，随后他们的价值观也会改变。

具有讽刺意味的是，很可能正是这一过程导致下一场经济危机——但这个过程还会持续很长时间。

23.翻译题

好的教师知道他们的职责不单是向学生灌输知识，他们深切体会到教学工作不只是授课。好的教师运用对所教导的科目的热情和爱好，来激发学生的学习兴趣，并不断构想新方法和吸取新观点，来为每一堂课注入新的生命。最重要的是：好的教师能使每一名学生深信自己事事都能胜任。他们绝对信任学生的能力，深信每一名孩子都有发挥潜能成为心目中要成为的人物。好的教师使学生自我肯定本身的能力，鼓励他们勇于追求梦想，并从旁引导他们如何实现这些梦想。

【答案】Goodteachersknowthattheirjobisnotjusttoimpartknowledge,theyunderstandthatteachingismorethanjustinstructing.Goodteachersinspireintheirstudentsaloveforlearningthroughtheirenthusiasmandpassionfortheirsubject,andthroughtheirowneffortstocontinuallydevelopnewskillsandembracenewideasinordertobringafreshperspectivetoeverylesson.Aboveallelse,goodteachershavetheabilitytomakeeverystudentfeelthatheisawinner.Theyhavefaithintheirstudents'abilities,andbelievethateverychildhasthepotentialtobeanythinghewantstobe.Goodteachersgivetheirstudentsasenseofself-worth,encouragethemtodream,andshowthemhowtopursuethosedreams.

24.单选题

Manyyoungpeoplebelievethatwarisstupidandunnecessary.Tothem,toloseone’slifeonthebattlefieldis（

）.

问题1选项

A.glorious

B.futile

C.heroic

D.courageous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很多年轻人认为战争是愚蠢且没有必要的。对于他们来说，在战场上丢掉性命是徒劳的。glorious“光荣的”；futile“无用的”；heroic“英雄的”；courageous“有勇气的”。根据句意，选项B符合题意。

25.单选题

Theboydivedintothewaterandafter（

）seemedtobealongtime,hecameupagain.

问题1选项

A.what

B.that

C.it

D.which

【答案】A

【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。After后面部分有单独的谓语部分seemed，因此after后面接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语成分。四个选项中只有A选项what可在宾语从句中充当主语成分。

26.单选题

Whatifarchitectscouldbuildlivingsystemsratherthanstaticbuildings---dynamicstructuresthatmodifytheirinternalandexternalformsinresponsetochangesintheirenvironment?Thisideaismakingwavesinthefieldofarchitecture.Houses,forexample,mightshrinkinthewintertoreducesurfaceareaandvolume,thuscuttingheatingcosts.Theycouldcoverthemselvestoescapetheheatofthesummersunorshakesnowofftheroofinwinter.Skyscraperscouldchangetheirprofiles,swayingslightlytodistributeincreasedloadsduringhurricanes.

Such“responsivearchitecture”woulddependontwosortsoftechnology:controlsystemscapableofdecidingwhattodo,andstructuralcomponentsabletochangethebuilding'sshapeasrequired.Architectshavebeenworkingtoimprovethecontrolsystemsinbuildingsformanyyears,butshape-shiftingtechnologyisatamuchearlierstageofdevelopment.

Oneapproachbeingpursuedbyresearchersistoimitatenature.Manynaturalconstructions,includingspiders'webs,are“tensegritysystems”---strongstructuresmadeupofmanyinterconnectedelementswhichcanbemanipulatedtochangeshapewithoutlosingtheirstructuralintegrity.“Thesestructurescanbendandtwist,butnoelementinthestructurebendsandtwists,”saysRobertSkeltonoftheStructuralSystemsandControlLaboratoryattheUniversityofCaliforniainSailDiego.“It'sthearchitectureoflife.”

WhileDr.Skeltonisworkingonsolvingtheengineeringequationsassociatedwithtensegritysystems,Tristand’EstreeSterkattheOfficeforRoboticArchitecturalMedia&theBureauforResponsiveArchitecture,anarchitecturalpracticebasedinVancouver,Canada,hasbeguntoconstructprototypesofshape-changing“buildingenvelopes”basedontensegritystructures.Lightweightskeletalframeworks,composedofrodsandwiresandcontrolledbypneumatic（气动的）“muscles”,serveasthewallsofabuilding;adjustingtheirconfigurationtochangethebuilding'sshape.Mr.Sterkisalsodevelopingthe‘brain’neededtocontextsuchabuildingbasedoninformationfrominternalandexternalsensors.

Carsarealreadycapableofmonitoringtheirownperformanceandactingwithacertaindegreeofautonomy,fromcruise-controlsystemstoairbagsensors.Suchresponsivebehaviorisconsiderednormalforacar,architectsarguethatthesamesortofideasshouldbeincorporatedintobuildings,too.Andjustastheperformanceofacarcanbesimulatedinadvancetochoosethebestdesignforarangeofdrivingconditions,thesameshouldbedoneforbuildings,arguesGianCarloMagnoli,anarchitectandtheco-directoroftheKineticDesignGroupattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Heisdevisingblueprintsforresponsivehouses.‘Weneedtoevolvedesignsforthebestperformingresponsive-buildingmodels,”hesays.

Sowillweendupwithcitiesofskyscrapersthatwaveinthebreeze?Itsoundscrazy.But,saysMr.Sterk,manyideasthatwereonceconsideredcrazyarenowcommonplace.“Electricitywasastrangeidea,butnowit'suniversal’hesays.Dynamic,intelligent,adaptablebuildingsare“thelogicalnextstep”,heclaims.

1.Whichtechnologyisneededforsuch“responsivearchitecture”?

2.AccordingtoPara.3,manynaturalconstructions（

）.

3.WhatcontributiondoesSterkmaketoresponsivearchitecture?

4.TowhichofthefollowingisMagnolilikelytoagree?

问题1选项

A.Thechangeofinternalandexternalforms.

B.Thealteractionofprofiles.

C.Controlsystemsappliedtomanualcontrols.

D.Structuralcomponentscapableofchangingthebuilding’sshape.

问题2选项

A.cancausechangetoelementsinthestructure

B.aremotivatedbybiologicalmaterialarchitecture

C.canchangetheirshapewithoutaffectingtheirstructuralintegrity

D.arefragilestructuresmadeupofmanyinterconnectedelements

问题3选项

A.Hemakesarchetypesofshape-changingbuildingframes.

B.Heusesrodsandwirestobethewallsofabuilding.

C.Hedoesmoreforresponsivearchitectu