2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号3

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Theseactorsfailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowtheyhaveto（）theconsequences.

问题1选项

A.answerfor

B.runinto

C.abideby

D.stepinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项answerfor“因……受罚，对……负责”；B选项runinto“遭遇，撞上”；C选项abideby“遵守，承担……的后果”；D选项stepinto“进入”。句意：这些演员没有履行合同中的某些条款，现在他们必须对此结果负责。选项A符合语境。

2.单选题

Therecitalist'sperformancewasadelightfullyfreeandintrospectiveone;nevertheless,itwasalso,seeminglyparadoxically,quite（）.

问题1选项

A.appealing

B.controlled

C.idiosyncratic

D.unskilled

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项appealing“吸引人的”；B选项controlled“受控制的”；C选项idiosyncratic“特殊的”；D选项unskilled“不熟练的”。根据关键信息“paradoxically”可知，填空处填入的词应和前面所表达的意思相反，所以选项B符合语境。句意：独奏者的表演是一场无拘无束的、令人愉快的、内省的表演。然而，看似矛盾的是，它也受到了相当的控制。选项B正确。

3.单选题

AlandingonMarsiswithinthe（）ofcurrentphysicaltheory.

问题1选项

A.scheme

B.scope

C.scrap

D.scale

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项scheme“计划，诡计”；B选项scope“范围，视野”；C选项scrap“碎片，残余物”；D选项scale“规模，比例”。句意：在火星上着陆在目前物理理论的范围之内。选项B符合语境。

4.单选题

Althoughhewasknowntobeextremelyreservedinhispublicbehavior,scholarshavediscoveredthathisdiarieswerewrittenwithuncommonfrankness.

问题1选项

A.aloof

B.tender

C.lucid

D.reticent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：虽然大家都知道他在公开场合极其保守，但学者们发现他的日记写得非常坦率。A选项aloof“冷淡的，远离的，冷漠的”；B选项tender“温柔的”；C选项lucid“易懂的”；D选项reticent“沉默的，谨慎的，有保留的”。reserved意为“保守的，保留的”，选项D与之意思最为接近，代入符合语境。

5.单选题

FamedsingerStevieWondercan’tseehisfansdancingathisconcerts.Hecan’tseethehandsofhisaudienceastheyapplaudwildlyattheendofhissuperstition.

Blindfrombirth,Wonderhaswaitedhiswholelifeforachancetosee.Recently,WondervisitedMarkHumayan,avisionspecialist.HethoughtthatanewdevicecurrentlybeingstudiedbyHumayanmightofferhimthatchance.

Thedevice,aretinalprosthesis,isatinycomputerchipimplantedinsideapatient’seye.Thechipsendsimagestothebrainandallowssomesightlesspeopletoseeshapesandcolors.Wonderhopedtheretinalprosthesismightworkforhim.“I’vealwayssaidthatifeverthere’spossibilityofmyseeing,”saidWonder,“thenIwouldtakethechallenge.”

UnfortunatelyforWonder,thatchallengewillhavetowait.Humayanexplainedthatthedeviceisn’treadyforpeoplewhohavebeenblindsincebirth.Theirbrainsmaynotbeabletohandlesignalsfromaretinalprosthesisbecausetheirbrainshaveneverhandledsignalsfromahealthyeye.

Theretinalprosthesisandotherdevices,however,showgreatpromiseinhelpingmanyothersightlesspeoplewhooncehadvisionseeagain.Perhapsonedaysoon,someformerlysightlesspeoplemaybeinWonder’saudiencelookingup—andseeinghim—fortheveryfirsttime.

Wonder’swillingnesstotakepartinretinalprosthesisstudiesandtheresultsofthosestudiesaregivingnewhopetopeoplewhothoughttheywouldbeblindfortherestoftheirlives.MorethanonemillionpeopleintheUnitedStatesareconsideredlegallyblind,meaningthattheireyesightisseverelyimpaired.Anotheronemillionaretotallyblind.

Twotypesofspecializedcellsintheretina—rodsandcones—arecriticalforpropervision.Lightenterstheeyeandfallsontherodsandconesintheretina.Thosecellsconvertthelighttoelectricalsignalswhichtravelthroughtheopticnervetothebrain.Thebraininterpretsthosesignalsasvisualimages.Rodsdetectlightatlowlevelsofillumination.Forinstance,rodsallowyoutoseefaintshadowsindimmoonlight.Cones,ontheotherhand,aremostsensitivetocolor.Somediseasescandamagecellsintheretina.Forinstance,maculardegenerationcausesblindnessandothervisionproblemsin700,000peopleintheUnitedStateseachyear.Theconditioniscausedbyalackofadequatebloodsupplytothecentralpartoftheretina.Withoutblood,therods,cones,andothercellsintheretinadie.

Devicessuchastheretinalprostheseswon’tpreventorcureoureyediseases,buttheymayhelppatientswhohaveeyedisordersregainsomeoftheirvision.Differentformsofretinalprosthesesarecurrentlybeingdeveloped.Ononetype,atinycomputerchipisembeddedintheeye.Thechiphasagridofabout2,500light-sensingelementscalledpixels.

Lightenteringtheeyestrikesthepixels,whichconvertthelightintoelectricalsignals.Thepixelsthensendtheelectricalsignalstonervecellsbehindtheretina.Thosecellssendsignalsviatheopticnervetothebrainforinterpretation.

Manypeoplewhohavehadaretinalprosthesisimplantedsaytheycanseeshapes,colors,andmovementsthattheycouldn’tseebefore.“Itwasgreat,”saidHaroldChurchey,whoreceivedhisretinalprosthesis15yearsafterhebecametotallyblind.“Toseelightaftersolong—itwasjustwonderful.Itwasjustlikeswitchingalighton.”

1.WhydidSteveWondervisitMarkHumayan?

2.WhomisMark'sretinalprosthesisreadyfor?

3.Fordetectingcolors,wedepend,inthefirstplace,on（）

4.Whydoesmaculardegenerationcauseblindnessandothervisionproblems?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefunctionofretinalprosthesisistrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.HethoughtMark'sdevicemightrecoverhiseyesight.

B.HethoughtMarkmightneedhishelpindevelopingthedevice.

C.HethoughtMarkmightwanttolistentohisSuperstition.

D.HethoughtMarkmightimplantachipintohisrighteye.

问题2选项

A.Forthosewhohavebeenblindfrombirth.

B.Forthosewhostillhavefaintvision.

C.Fortheblindwhooncehadeyesight.

D.Forthosewhostillhaveonehealthyeye.

问题3选项

A.interpretationbythebrain.

B.conesoftheretina.

C.rodsoftheretina.

D.opticnerve.

问题4选项

A.Maculardegenerationcausesimproperinterpretationbythebrain.

B.Maculardegenerationmakestheretinalesssensitivetothelight.

C.Maculardegenerationchangesthefunctionsofrodsandcones.

D.Maculardegenerationcausesinadequatesupplyofbloodintheretina.

问题5选项

A.Itcanpreventsomeeyedisorders.

B.Itcancuresomeeyedisorders.

C.Itcanhelprecovereyesighttosomedegree.

D.Itcanrepairthedamagedcones.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第二段的内容“Wonder自打出生眼睛就看不见，他一生都在等待一个机会。最近，Wonder拜访了视力专家MarkHumayan。他认为目前Humayan正在研究的一种新装置可能会给他提供这个机会。”由此可知，SteveWonder拜访MarkHumayan的原因是他认为MarkHumayan的设备可能会恢复他的视力，选项A正确。

2.判断推理题。根据第五段的第一句“Theretinalprosthesisandotherdevices,however,showgreatpromiseinhelpingmanyothersightlesspeoplewhooncehadvisionseeagain.然而，视网膜假体和其他装置在帮助许多曾经有过视力的盲人重见光明方面展现出了巨大的希望。”由此可推断，Mark的视网膜假体装置是为那些曾经有过良好视力的人准备的，所以选项C符合原文。

3.判断推理题。根据原文第七段的内容可知，视网膜中有两种特殊的细胞对正常的视力至关重要——杆状细胞和视锥细胞。第七段还提及“Cones,ontheotherhand,aremostsensitivetocolor.另一方面，视锥细胞对颜色最敏感。”由此可知，选项B正确。

4.细节事实题。根据关键词“maculardegeneration”定位到第七段后半部分的内容“Forinstance,maculardegenerationcausesblindnessandothervisionproblemsin700,000peopleintheUnitedStateseachyear.Theconditioniscausedbyalackofadequatebloodsupplytothecentralpartoftheretina.Withoutblood,therods,cones,andothercellsintheretinadie.例如，黄斑变性导致美国每年有70万人失明和其他视力问题。这种情况是由于缺乏足够的血液供应到视网膜的中央部分。没有血液，视网膜中的杆状细胞、视锥细胞和其他细胞就会死亡。”由此可知，选项D符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据第八段的首句“Devicessuchastheretinalprostheseswon’tpreventorcureoureyediseases,buttheymayhelppatientswhohaveeyedisordersregainsomeoftheirvision.像视网膜假体这样的设备不能预防或治愈我们的眼病，但它们可以帮助有视力障碍的患者重获一些视力。”由此可知，视网膜假体能在一定程度上帮助恢复视力，所以选项C符合原文。

6.单选题

Manyofherfollowersremain（loyal）toher,andeventhosewhohaverejectedherleadership.

问题1选项

A.obedient

B.friendly

C.faithful

D.sympathetic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：她的许多追随者仍然效忠于她，即使是那些不满她领导能力的人也不例外。A选项obedient“顺从的”；B选项friendly“友好的”；C选项faithful“忠诚的”；D选项sympathetic“同情的”。loyal意为“忠诚的”，选项C与之意思相近，符合语境。

7.单选题

AsforAnn,Iamnotsureabouther（）inItalian.

问题1选项

A.fluency

B.clarity

C.coherence

D.excellency

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fluency“（语言，文章）流利”；B选项clarity“清晰，清楚”；C选项coherence“一致，连贯性”；D选项excellency“优点，美德”。句意：至于安，我不确定她的意大利语是否流利。选项A符合语境。

8.单选题

MostbroadcastersmaintainthatTVhasbeenunfairlycriticizedandarguethatthepowerofmediumis（）.

问题1选项

A.granted

B.implied

C.exaggerated

D.remedied

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项grant“授予，允许”；B选项imply“暗示”；C选项exaggerate“夸大”；D选项remedy“补救，纠正”。句意：大多数广播公司认为电视受到了不公正的批评，认为媒体的力量被夸大了。选项C符合语境。

9.单选题

Whenfacedwithdoubtsfromsomeadvisersontheattemptedinvasion,thepresidentignoredthem.

问题1选项

A.failedtonotice

B.putupwith

C.stoodupfor

D.refusedtoconsider

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。根据句意：当面对一些顾问对入侵企图的质疑时，总统……了他们。ignore意为“忽略，忽视”。A选项failtonotice“没有注意到”；B选项putupwith“容忍，忍受”；C选项standupfor“支持，拥护”；D选项refusetoconsider“拒绝考虑”。选项A与之意思最为接近，代入符合语境。

10.单选题

Thesingerusedtoplaybadmintonwithyou,（）?

问题1选项

A.didn’the

B.usedhe

C.didhe

D.goneoff

【答案】A

【解析】考查反义疑问句。陈述部分的谓语是usedto，疑问部分要用didn't+主语或usedn’t+主语。所以只有选项A正确。

11.单选题

Becausethemonkeysunderstudyarehabituatedtothepresenceofhumanbeings,theytypicallydisregardhumanobserversandgoabouttheirbusiness.

问题1选项

A.welcome

B.ignore

C.disrespect

D.avoid

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：因为被研究的猴子已经习惯了人类的存在，它们通常不理会人类的观察，只顾自己的事。A选项welcome“欢迎”；B选项ignore“忽视，不理睬”；C选项disrespect“失礼，不敬”；D选项avoid“避免”。disregard意为“忽视，无视”，选项B与之意思相近，代入符合语境。

12.单选题

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Inthefuture,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOSandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,“No,quitecontrary.”Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda“technologicalrenaissance”saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends—nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat'smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnoguruspromisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,generation,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24-hourInteractnewsandentertainmentallseizeforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-and-time-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommodifiedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother’selectronicmessages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver.Exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachofsomeoneelsewhowantsourattention.

Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?

Maybeweneedtoaskwhatkindsofconnectionsreallycountandwhattypesofaccessreallymatterinthee-economyera.Ifthisnewtechnologyrevolutionisonlyabouthyperefficiency,thenwerisklosingsomethingevenpreciousthantime—oursenseofwhatitmeanstobeacaringhumanbeing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,corporateexecutivesthinkthat（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Wgeneration?

4.Inthesixthparagraph,theauthorimpliedthat（）.

5.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe（）.

问题1选项

A.technologyrenaissanceshouldbepushedforward.

B.technologyhasaprofoundimpactontheirlives.

C.technologyactuallyresultsinadeclineintheirlifequality.

D.technologyshouldbeaggressivelychampioned.

问题2选项

A.Technologywassupposedtofreepeople.

B.Tgenerationbecameslavesoftechnology.

C.Newtechnologiesoccupymuchofourtime.

D.Itisdifficulttoavoidtheinfluenceoftechnologywonders.

问题3选项

A.Technologicalwonders.

B.Accesstoinformation.

C.Time.

D.Timesavingdevices.

问题4选项

A.socialconservativesblamedthelossofmoralityontechnology.

B.generationwaslesscivilthantheearliergenerations.

C.thehyperspeedcultureledtothedeclineincivility.

D.technologymightmakepeoplelessimpatient.

问题5选项

A.TheNewInternetLife.

B.TheDrawbacksoftooMuchAccess.

C.TheFailureofTechnologicalRenaissance.

D.TheDecliningQualityofLife.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?...“No,quitecontrary.”（我们在工作、家庭和社区的生活质量是否与我们生活中引入的所有新互联网和企业对企业的互联网服务成正比？……“不，完全相反。”）可知C选项“技术实际上导致了他们生活质量的下降”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.（相反，本应解放我们的科技奇迹，却开始把我们束缚在一个似乎无法轻易摆脱的联系网中）但并不是说网络一代变成了技术的奴隶，因此选B。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.（我们的每一个空闲时间都充满了某种形式的商业联系，使时间本身成为所有资源中最稀缺的）可知选C。

4.推理判断题。文章第六段中的Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?（有没有人问过，高速发展的文化是否让我们所有人都变得不那么有耐心，不太愿意倾听、推迟、考虑和反思？）可知D选项“科技可能会使人失去耐心”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了科技给人们生活带来的负面影响，因此B选项“使用过多的缺点”符合题意。

13.翻译题

Beingunhappyislikeaninfectiousdisease.Itcausespeopletoshrinkawayfromthesufferer.Hesoonfindshimselfalonemiserable.Thereis,however,acuresosimpleastoseem,atfirstglance,ridiculous:ifyoudon’tfeelhappy,pretendtobe!

Itworks.Beforelongyouwillfindthatinsteadofpushingpeopleaway,youattractthem.Youdiscoverhowdeeplyrewardingitistobethecenterofwiderandwidercirclesofgoodwill.

Thenthemake-believebecomesareality.Beinghappy,onceitisrealizedasadutyestablishedasahabit,opensdoorsintounimaginablegardensfilledwithgratefulfriends.

【答案】不开心就像一种传染病。它使人们对不快乐的人敬而远之。不快乐的人很快就会发觉自己既孤独又悲惨，充满怨恨。但是，有一种乍一看似乎荒谬可笑，实际却非常简单的治愈方法，那就是：如果你不快乐，那就假装快乐吧!

这个办法的确行之有效。不久你就会发现，你不再排斥别人，而是开始吸引他们。你会发现被越来越多善意的人们包围的感觉是多么的值得！

于是，假装的变成了真实的。一旦快乐被认为是一种责任并成为一种习惯，它就会向我们敞开一扇好友云集的通向奇妙花园的大门。

14.单选题

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal（）forlivingexpenses.

问题1选项

A.acceptable

B.applicable

C.advisable

D.available

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项applicable“可适用的，合适的”；C选项advisable“明智的”；D选项available“可获得的”。句意：一般来说，学生可用于住房的钱应该占全部生活费的五分之一。availablefor意为“可用于……的”，所以选项D正确。

15.单选题

Sadly,asspendingonprivategardenshas（）,spendingonpublicparkshasgenerallydeclined.

问题1选项

A.heightened

B.lifted

C.flown

D.soared

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项heighten“提高，升高”；B选项lift“举起，抬高”；C选项flow“流动，流通”；D选项soar“急升，激增”。句意：悲哀的是，随着私人花园的支出飙升，公共公园的支出普遍下降。填空处填入的应该是和declined相反的单词，所以选项D符合语境。

16.单选题

Theenterpriseintroducedanincentivebonusforhighproductivity.

问题1选项

A.motive

B.initiative

C.encouragement

D.entertainment

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意：企业为了提高生产力引进了……奖金。incentive意为“刺激，激励的”。A选项motive“动机，目的”；B选项initiative“主动权，首创精神”；C选项encouragement“鼓励，激励”；D选项entertainment“娱乐，消遣，款待”。选项C符合语境。

17.单选题

Adversecircumstancescompelledhimtoclosehisbusiness.

问题1选项

A.unfamiliar

B.local

C.unfavorable

D.good

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：……环境迫使他关闭了生意。A选项unfamiliar“不熟悉的，没有经验的”；B选项local“当地的，局部的”；C选项unfavorable“不利的，不宜的”；D选项good“好的”。根据下文的“closehisbusiness”可知，肯定是不好的环境导致他停业，adverse意为“不利的”，选项C与之意思相近。

18.单选题

Whyaresomeofusgoodatmath,whileothers（）atartorvolleyball.

问题1选项

A.work

B.excel

C.aim

D.gaze

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项workat“从事于，致力于”；B选项excelat“突出，擅长于”；C选项aimat“目的在于”；D选项gazeat“盯住，凝视”。根据句意可知，填空处填入的词应和at搭配，并且和goodat意思相近。句意“为什么有些人擅长数学，而有些人擅长艺术或排球?”选项B符合语境。

19.翻译题

没有一流的人文教育，我们就不可能有世界一流大学。要建好文科院系，也要抓好对全体学生的人文教育。不同学科要各按步伐，按各自的内在规律发展。“科学求真，人文求善，艺术求美”，达到真善美在学科层面的统一。我们是用世界上最少的钱，办了最大的教育。我一直坚信，到本世纪中叶，中国一定能够成为世界一流的教育大国！

学校和教师的责任是真正发挥所有学生的潜能，使学生成长为既有宽厚基础、又有广阔视野，既有活生生的个性、又能团结他人、能够引领中国未来发展的精英人才。

【答案】Withoutfirst-classliberalartseducation,wecannothaveworld-classuniversities.Tobuildagoodliberalartscollegesanddepartments,butalsotopayattentiontothehumanitieseducationofallstudents.Differentdisciplinesshoulddevelopattheirownpaceandaccordingtotheirowninternallaws."Scienceseekstruth,humanityseeksgoodness,artseeksbeauty",achievingtheunityoftruth,goodnessandbeautyatthedisciplinelevel.Wegotthebiggesteducationintheworldwiththeleastmoney.Ihavealwaysbelievedthatbythemiddleofthiscentury,Chinawillbecomeaworld-classeducationcountry.

Itistheresponsibilityofschoolsandteacherstotrulygiveplaytothepotentialofallstudents,sothatstudentscangrowintoeliteswhohaveagenerousfoundation,broadvision,livelypersonality,unitywithothers,andcanleadChina'sfuturedevelopment.

20.单选题

Researchersinthesocialsciencesmayoftenhave（）theirscopetothosenarrowlycircumscribedtopicsthatarewellsuitedtoquantitativemethods.

问题1选项

A.diminished

B.enlarged

C.limited

D.expanded

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项diminish“减少，缩小”；B选项enlarge“扩大，增大”；C选项limit“限制”；D选项expand“扩张”。根据下文的“narrowlycircumscribedtopics”可推测，这里填入选项C符合语境。句意：社会科学的研究人员可能经常将他们的研究范围限制在那些非常适合定量方法的狭窄限定的课题上。所以选项C正确。

21.单选题

NiagaraisanIndianwordwhichmeans“roaringwater”.Indeed,theroarofthefallingwaterofNiagaracanbeheard（1）adistanceof25kms.Imagine（2）ofwaterflowingoveracliff90feethighandyouwillgetanideaofthatterriblenoise.

And（3）tremendouspowertheNiagaraRiverhas!Itmovesbigrocksaboutandthrowsthemintotheboilingwaterbelow.

（4）agoanoldshipwithoutsinglepersononboardwasputinmid-stream.Itsaileddowntheriver（5）atoyboatwithgreatspeed.Havingreachedthefall,theshipdroppedintotheboilingwater,never（6）again.

Thereweresomepeoplewhowantedtobecomefamous（7）swimmingacrossthemostdangerouspartoftheNiagaraRiver.OneofthemwasCaptainWebbwhosaidthathewouldtrytoswimcrosstheNiagara,which（8）crowdsofpeople.OntheeveningofJuly21st,1893,CaptainWebbcameuptotheriverand（9）aplunge.Hishavingjumpedintothewater（10）manypeoplewithhorror.Soon,heappearedinthemiddleoftheriver.Aloudshoutwentupfromthecrowd,butamomentlatertherewas（11）silence.Themanhaddisappearedunderthewater.Thousandsofeyes（12）ontheriver,butthemanwasdrowned.

In1902,acertainMissTaylordecidedtogooverthefallsinabarrel.Thereweredifferentkindsofpillowsinsidethebarreltopreventherfrom（13）.Havingexaminedthebarrelcarefully,MissTaylorgotin.Thebarrelwasclosedandthen（14）intothewater.Havingreachedthefalls,itoverturnedandwasshotdownbytheterrible（15）ofthewater.Whenthebarrelwasfinallycaughtandopened,MissTaylorcameoutalive（16）withafrightenedlookinhereyes.

Onceacrowdofvisitorssawarope（17）overfromonebankoftherivertotheother.Thentheysawaman（18）therope.Themanwasanactor,Blondin（19）.HemanagedtocrossNiagaraFallsonatightrope.Thepeopleonthebankweresurprisedathis（20）itsowell.

问题1选项

A.within

B.inside

C.at

D.on

问题2选项

A.much

B.agreatnumber

C.mass

D.amass

问题3选项

A.howmuch

B.what

C.so

D.how

问题4选项

A.Sometimes

B.Manytimes

C.Muchtime

D.Sometime

问题5选项

A.as

B.asif

C.like

D.likely

问题6选项

A.toappear

B.appearing

C.appeared

D.appear

问题7选项

A.for

B.by

C.through

D.from

问题8选项

A.attracted

B.drew

C.caused

D.pulled

问题9选项

A.gave

B.made

C.did

D.took

问题10选项

A.filling

B.fullof

C.filled

D.wasfilled

问题11选项

A.dead

B.dying

C.died

D.death

问题12选项

A.beingstopped

B.werefixing

C.werefixed

D.fixed

问题13选项

A.beinghurt

B.havinghurt

C.hurting

D.hurt

问题14选项

A.beingthrown

B.throwing

C.thrown

D.threw

问题15选项

A.power

B.strength

C.force

D.capacity

问题16选项

A.therefore

B.however

C.so

D.but

问题17选项

A.beingput

B.put

C.havingput

D.putting

问题18选项

A.stepacross

B.stepoutonto

C.stepalong

D.stepon

问题19选项

A.inname

B.underthenameof

C.byname

D.tothenameof

问题20选项

A.done

B.havingdone

C.havingbeendone

D.beingdone

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:A

第7题:B

第8题:B

第9题:D

第10题:C

第11题:A

第12题:C

第13题:A

第14题:C

第15题:C

第16题:D

第17题:A

第18题:B

第19题:C

第20题:B

【解析】1.考查介词辨析。根据句意“事实上，尼亚加拉瀑布的咆哮声在25公里的范围内就能听到。”在……的距离内，用介词within，所以选项A正确。

2.考查逻辑连词。muchof后面接可数名词单数；没有massof的表达；agreatnumberof后只能接可数名词复数；amassof后既可以接可数名词复数，也可以接不可数名词，所以选项D正确。

3.考查感叹句的用法。选项A和C不能引导感叹句，所以首先排除。What和How引导感叹句的用法分别为：What+形容词+名词+主语+谓语；How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语。这里是形容词tremendous+名词power，所以应该使用what，选项B正确。

4.考查固定搭配。A选项Sometimes“有时，间或”；B选项Manytimes“多次”；C选项Muchtime“很多时间”；D选项Sometime“一段时间”。sometimeago意为“不久前”。选项D符合语境。

5.考查动词辨析。A选项as“如同，像……一样”，用法为as…as…；B选项asif“似乎，好像”；C选项like“像……一样”；D选项likely“很可能”。根据句意“它像一艘玩具船一样飞快地顺河而下。”只有选项C符合语境。

6.考查非谓语结构。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词drop，所以填空处应填非谓语结构；其次根据句意“到达瀑布后，船掉进了翻涌的水中，再也没有出现”可知，这里表示的是将来不会发生的事情，所以应使用不定式表将来，选项A正确。

7.考查介词辨析。根据句意“有些人想通过游泳渡过尼亚加拉河最危险的部分而出名。”这里指通过某种方法，用介词by，所以选项B正确。

8.考查动词辨析。A选项attract“吸引，引起”；B选项draw“拖，拉，吸引”；C选项cause“导致，造成”；D选项pull“拉”。根据原文可知，韦伯船长说他将尝试游过尼亚加拉河，这吸引了很多人的注意力。强调吸引注意力用draw，所以选项B更恰当。

9.考查固定搭配。takeaplunge意为“一头扎进”，所以选项D正确。

10.考查固定搭配。根据句意“他跳入水中使许多人充满了恐惧。”filledwith意为“使充满……”，所以选项C正确。

11.考查固定搭配。deadsilence意为“死一般的寂静”。所以选项A正确。

12.考查固定搭配。befixedon意为“盯着……”。句意“千万双眼睛盯着河面”，所以选项C正确。

13.考查固定用法和被动语态。preventsb.fromdoingsth.意为“阻止某人做某事”。再根据语境可知，这里应使用被动语态，所以选项A正确。

14.考查被动语态。根据句意“桶被关上，然后被扔进了水里”，这里表示的是被动语态，前面已有be动词was，填空处只需填入过去分词即可，所以选项C正确。

15.考查近义词辨析。A选项power“力量，能力”，多指人或国家甚至是某个机构的权力、势力或影响力；B选项strength“力量，力气”，多指人的气力或物体的强度；C选项force“力量，武力，魄力”，多指暴力或促使物体运动的势力；D选项capacity“能力”。根据句意可知，这里指的是桶被水巨大的力量打翻了。这股力量是暴力的，并且能够促使物体运动，所以选项C更符合语境。

16..考查上下文语义。根据句意可知，当木桶终于被抓到并打开时，泰勒小姐活着出来了，但她的眼睛里充满了恐惧。表示转折并且能够连接两个句子，只有选项D符合要求。

17.考查被动语态。seesb./sth.doing意为“看见……正在……”，再根据句意可知，这里表示绳索是被人放上去的，表示被动语态，所以选项A正确。

18.考查词组辨析。A选项stepacross“跨过”；B选项stepoutonto“走出去再踩上去”；C选项stepalong“走开”；D选项stepon“踩上，踏上”。根据原文可知，这里是指这个人迈出一步然后踏上了绳索，所以选项B更符合语境。

19.考查固定搭配。byname放在名字后面表示“名叫……，名字是……”。选项C正确。

20.考查语态。根据句意可知，这里表示的是主动语态，并且前面是介词at，所以应使用动名词形式，并且是主动语态，只有选项B符合要求。

22.单选题

Inanenvironmentallyconscioustweakonthetypicalwayofgettingfoodtothetable,growingnumbersofpeopleareskippingoutongrocerystoresandevenfarmersmarketsandinsteadgoingrighttothesourcebybuyingsharesoffarms.

Ononeofthefarms,hereabout35mileswestofChicago,SteveTriskowasweedingbeetstheotherdayandcuttingbackashadetreesobabytomatoescouldgetsunlight.Mr.Triskoisaretiredcomputerconsultantwhoownssharesinthefour-acreErehwonFarm.

“Wedecidedthatit’sinourinteresttohaveasmallfarmsucceed,andhavethembeabletohaveasustainablefarmproducinggoodfood,”Mr.Triskosaid.

PartofaloosebutgrowingnetworkmostlymobilizedontheInternet,Erehwonisparticipatinginwhatisknownascommunity-supportedagriculture.About150peoplehaveboughtsharesinErehwon—inessence,hiringpersonalfarmersandturningtheoldnotionofsharecroppingonitshead.

TheconceptwasimportedfromEuropeandAsiainthe1980sasanalternativemarketingandfinancingarrangementtohelpcombattheoftenprohibitivecostsofsmall-scalefarming.Butuntilrecently,itwasslowtotakeroot.Therewerefewerthan100suchfarmsintheearly1990s,butinthelastseveralyearsthenumbershavegrowntocloseto1,500,accordingtoacademicexpertswhohavefollowedthetrend.

“Ithinkpeoplearebecomingmorelocal-minded,andthisfitsrightintothat,”saidNicholeD.Nazelrod,programcoordinatorattheFultonCenterforSustainableLivingatWilsonCollegeinChambersburg,Pa.,anationalclearinghouseforcommunity-supportedfarms.“Peopleareseeingwaystocometogetherandworktogethertomakethissuccessful.”

TheshareholdersofErehwonFarmhaveopenaccesstothelandandaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetablesforpackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900.Arrangementsoffresh-cutblossomstwiceamonthcanbeincludedforanextra$120—orforthedeluxepackage,$220will“feedthesoul”withweeklybouquetsofliliesandsunflowersandotherlocalblooms.

Shareholdersarenotrequiredtoworkthefields,buttheycaniftheywant,andmanydo.Mr.Triskosaidhisfamilyknowsthatwithouthisvolunteerlaborandagreementtoshareinthefinancialriskofraisingcrops,thesmallorganicfarmmightnotsurvive.“It’sveryhardforthemtomakeendsmeet,”hesaid,“soIdecidedtogooutandhelp.Weharvest,water,pullweeds,whatevertheyneeddoing.”

Erehwon—theword“nowhere”spelledbackward—startedwithtwoshareholders,reacheditsgoalof140lastyear,andnowhasraiseditstargettoabout200members.

1.Accordingtothepassage,growingnumbersofpeoplebuysharesoffarmsbecausethey（）.

2.ErehwonFarmdiffersfromthetraditionalfarmsinthatitis（）.

3.Wemayinferfromthepassagethatcommunity-sponsoredfarm（）.

4.TheaverageshareholdersofErehwonFarmareentitledto（）.

5.ItisimpliedthatErehwonFarm（）.

问题1选项

A.areconsciousofenvironmentalproblems

B.abandonthetypicalwayofgettingfoodtothetable

C.nolongerdependongrocerystoresandfarmersmarkets

D.liketogrowvegetablesthemselvesinthesuburbanfarms

问题2选项

A.verysmall

B.veryefficient

C.community-supportedagriculture

D.sharedbypeoplefromdifferentplaces

问题3选项

A.isanewconceptemergingintheU.S.A

B.hastocombatwithsmall-scalefarming

C.isgraduallytakingshapeinAmericanagriculture

D.isverypopularasboomingagricultureintheU.S.A

问题4选项

A.cometogetherandworktogetheronthefarm

B.getaguarant