2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)试卷号30_第1页
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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Dr.ElizabethHurdondistinguishedherselfasasurgeonatatimeinwhichmedicalprofessionwas()male.

问题1选项

A.only

B.occasionally

C.predominantly

D.regrettably

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在医学界以男性为主导的时代,ElizabethHurdon博士作为一名外科医生而闻名。predominantly主要地,占主导地位地,选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

HeisplanningtogotoTehranto______peacemovesthroughtheIslamicConferenceOrganization.

问题1选项

A.publish

B.survey

C.initiate

D.hoist

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项publish“出版,发布”;B选项survey“审察;测量”;C选项initiate“使开始,发起;使初步了解”;D选项hoist“吊起,拉高”。句意:他计划前往德黑兰通过伊斯兰会议组织______和平运动。这里横线处搭配peacemoves“和平运动”,只有C选项initiate“使开始,发起”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

3.翻译题

Itismoreimportanttopavethewayforchildren’sdesiretoknowthantoputthemonadietoffactstheyarenotreadytoassimilate.Evenifyoufeelyouhavelittleknowledgeofnatureatyourdisposal,thereisstillmuchyoucandoforyourchild.Whereveryouareandwhateveryourresources,youcanstilllookupatthesky—itsdawnandeveningbeautiesitsmovingclouds,itsstartbynight.Youcanlistentothewind,whetheritblowswithmajesticvoicethroughaforestorsingsamanyvoicedchorusaroundthecornersofyourapartmentbuilding,andinthelisteningyoucangainmagicalreleaseforyourthoughts.Youcanstillfeeltherainonyourfaceandthinkofislongjourneyfromseatoairtoearthandwonderatthemysteriesofnaturalselectionembodiedintheperfumeandflavorofafruit.Evenifyouareacitydweller,youcanfindsomeplace,perhapsaparkoragolfcourse,whereyoucanobservethemysteriousmigrationsofthebirdsandthechangingseasons.Andwithyourchildyoucanponderthemysteryofagrowingseed,evenifit’sjustoneplantedinapotofearthinthekitchenwindow.

【答案】为孩子们的求知欲铺平道路比让他们接受他们还没有准备好吸收的事实更重要。即使你觉得你掌握的自然知识甚为寥寥,你仍可以为你的孩子做许多事情。无论你身在何处,不管你智谋高低,你仍然可以仰望天空——看它的拂晓与黄昏之美,看它的游云,看它夜晚时的星光。你可以倾听风的歌声,无论是用宏伟的歌喉呼啸着穿过森林,还是在你的公寓大楼拐角处唱着多声部的合唱。而在倾听中,你可以让思想神奇地奔放。你仍然能感觉到打在你脸上的雨点,想着它从大海到天空再到地面的漫长旅程,对水果的芳香所体现的自然选择的神奇惊叹不已。即使你居住在城市,也能找到某个地方,也许是公园或是高尔夫球场,在那儿能观察鸟类神奇莫测的迁徙和四季的交替。你可以和你的孩子一起思索种子生长的奥秘,即使它只是一颗种在厨房窗台上的一盆泥土之中的种子。

4.单选题

TheannualreviewofAmericancompanyboardpracticesbyKorn/Ferry,afirmofheadhunters,isausefulindicatorofthehealthofcorporategovernance.Thisyear’sreview,publishedonNovember12th,showsthattheSarbanes-Oxleyact,passedin2002totrytopreventarepeatofcorporatecollapsessuchasEnron’sandWorldCom’s,hashadanimpactontheboardroom----albeitatanaverageimplementationcostthatKorn/Ferryestimatesat$5.1mperfirm.

Twoyearsago,only41%ofAmericanfirmssaidtheyregularlyheldmeetingsofdirectorswithouttheirchiefexecutivepresent;thisyearthefigurewas93%.Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.Forexample,despiteagrowingfeelingthatformerchiefexecutivesshouldnotsitontheircompany’sboard,thepercentageofAmericanfirmswheretheydohasactuallyedgedup,from23%in2003to25%in2004.

Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchideexecutive.AnothersurveyofAmericanboardspublishedthisweek,byA.T.Kearney,afirmofconsultants,foundthatin2002,14%oftheboardsofS&P500firmshadseparatedtheroles,andafurther16%saidtheyplannedtodoso.Butby2004only23%overallhadtakentheplunge.AsurveyearlierintheyearbyconsultantsatMcKinseyfoundthat70%ofAmericandirectorsandinvestorssupportedtheideaofsplittingthejobs,whichisstandardpracticeinEurope.

Anotherdisappointmentistheslowprogressinabolishing“staggered”boards—oneswhereonlyone-thirdofthedirectorsareupforre-electioneachyear,tothree-yearterms.Inventedasadefenseagainsttakeover,suchboards,accordingtoanewHarvardLawSchoolstudybyLucianBebchukandAlmaCohen,areunambiguously“associatedwithaneconomicallysignificantreductioninfirmvalue”.

Despitethis,thepercentageofS&P500firmswithstaggeredboardshasfallenonlyslightly----from63%in2001to60%in2003,accordingtotheInvestorResponsibilityResearchCentre.Andmanyofthosefirmsthathavebeenforcedbyshareholderstoabolishthesystemaredoingsoonlyslowly.Merck,apharmaceuticalcompanyintroubleoverthepossibleside-effectsofitsarthritisdrugVioxx,isallowingitsdirectorstoruntheirdulltermbeforeintroducingasysteminwhichtheyareallre-elected(orotherwise)annually.Othercompanies’staggeredboardsareentrenchedintheircorporatecharters,whichcannotbeamendedbyashareholders’vote.Anyonewhoexpectedthescandalsof2001tobringaboutrapidchangeinthebalanceofpowerbetweenmanagersandownerswas,atbest,naive.

1.TheSarbanes-Oxleyactismostprobablyabout().

2.Theword“backlash”(Line3,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans().

3.Accordingtothetext,separatingtherolesbetweenchairmanandchiefexecutiveis().

4.Welearnfromthetextthata“staggered”board().

5.TowardtheboardpracticeofAmericancompanies,thewriter’sattitudecanbesaidtobe().

问题1选项

A.corporatescandal

B.corporatemanagement

C.corporatecost

D.corporategovernance

问题2选项

A.aviolentforce

B.astrongimpetus

C.afirmmeasure

D.astrongnegativereaction

问题3选项

A.acommonpracticeinAmericancompanies

B.whatmanyEuropeancompaniesdo

C.amusttokeepthehealthofacompany

D.notapopularideaamongAmericanentrepreneurs

问题4选项

A.isadversetotheincrementoffirmvalue

B.givesitsboardmemberstoomuchpower

C.hasbeenabolishedbymostAmericancompanies

D.canbevoteddownbyshareholders

问题5选项

A.biased

B.pessimistic

C.objective

D.critical

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段,猎头公司“光辉国际”(Korn/Ferry)对美国公司董事会做法的年度评估是了解公司治理状况的一个有用指标。萨班斯-奥克斯利法案是为了防止出现像安然和世通等公司垮掉那样的情况。由此可推断,该法案是关于治理公司的,选项D正确。

2.词语辨析题。根据句意:一些事情并未受到企业丑闻强烈负面反应的影响。“backlash”指强烈的负面反应,选项D正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后一句“70%ofAmericandirectorsandinvestorssupportedtheideaofsplittingthejobs,whichisstandardpracticeinEurope.”70%的美国董事和投资者支持分职的想法,这在欧洲是一种惯例。选项B符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第四段最后一句“...suchboards,...,areunambiguously“associatedwithaneconomicallysignificantreductioninfirmvalue.”这种(交错)董事会是为了防范收购而发明的,但它显然“与公司价值的显著降低有关”。由此可知,“staggered”board不利于企业价值的增长,选项A符合原文。

5.作者观点题。根据原文,作者在第三、四段表达了对美国公司董事会感到失望,因为它们变化缓慢。说明作者对美国公司的董事会是持批评的态度,选项D正确。

5.单选题

TheChinesepolarexplorerstookeveryprecautionto()thedangersoftheirtrip.

问题1选项

A.minimize

B.extinguish

C.shrink

D.prevent

【答案】A

【解析】句意:中国极地探险者采取了一切预防措施,把旅行的危险降到了最低。选项A符合句意。

6.单选题

Thedetectivewatchedandsawthesuspect______ahotelatthecorneroftheStreet.

问题1选项

A.gettingoffthetaxiandwalkinginto

B.gotoffthetaxiandwalkedinto

C.getoffthetaxiandwalkinto

D.gotoffthetaxitowalkinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:侦探看着嫌疑犯下了出租车,走进了街角的一家旅馆。本句谓语动词是watchedandsaw,横线处是非谓语动词,在这里指“看见他下出租车和进旅馆”的整个过程。watch/seesb.doingsth.“看见某人正在做(瞬间)”,watch/seesb.dosth.“看见某人做了某事(全过程)”,C选项getoffthetaxiandwalkinto符合题意。因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

()theredcellsoftheblood,hemoglobin(血红蛋白)transportoxygenformthelungtothetissues.

问题1选项

A.Comparedto

B.Attackedby

C.Confinedto

D.Attributedto

【答案】D

【解析】comparedto与...相比;attachedby附属于;confinedto局限于,限制于;attributedto由于,归功于。句意:由于血液中的红细胞,血红蛋白将氧气从肺输送到组织。选项D符合句意。

8.单选题

Aviolentthunderstormwas()asdarkcloudswerecollectingoverhead.

问题1选项

A.eminent

B.imminent

C.instantaneous

D.simultaneous

【答案】B

【解析】eminent杰出的;imminent即将来临的;instantaneous即时的;simultaneous同时的。句意:当乌云在头顶聚集时,一场暴风雨即将到来。选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

Thechildis______alltheevidenceforhisopinion.

问题1选项

A.notencourageeithertobecriticalforhisopinion

B.encouragedeithertobecriticalnortoexamine

C.eitherencouragedtobecriticalortoexamine

D.neitherencouragedtobecriticalnortoexamine

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意:孩子______被鼓励批判,______被鼓励检验支持他的观点的所有证据。A、B选项用法错误;C选项either…or“要么……要么”;D选项neither…nor“既不……也不……”。批判和检验都有判断是非对错的含义,属于同样的意思,D选项neither…nor比较符合题意。因此D选项正确。

10.单选题

Warmaybeanaturalexpressionofbiologicalinstinctanddrivestowardaggressioninthehumanspecies.Naturalimpulsesofanger,hostility,andterritorialityareexpressedthroughactsofviolence.Theseareallqualitiesthathumanssharewithanimals.Aggressionisakindofinnatesurvivalmechanism,aninstinctforself-preservation,thatallowsanimalstodefendthemselvesfromthreatstotheirexistence.But,notheotherhand,humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehavior.Inthecaseofhumanaggression,violencecannotbesimplyreducedtoaninstinct.Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.Inhumansocietiesviolencehasasocialfunction.Itisastrategyforcreatingordestroyingformsofsocialorder.Religioustraditionshavetakenaleadingroleindirectingthepowersofviolence.Wewilllookattheritualandethical(道德上的)patternswithinwhichhumanviolencehasbeendirected.

Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.Themoredevelopedalegalsystembecomes,themoreresponsibilitysocietytakesforthediscovery,control,andpunishmentofviolentacts.Inmosttribalsocietiestheonlymeanstodealwithanactofviolenceisrevenge.Eachfamilygroupmayhavetheresponsibilityforpersonallycarryingoutjudgmentandpunishmentuponthepersonwhocommittedtheoffense.Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffuses.Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment.Inastatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecycleofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.

Theothersideofastatelegalapparatusisastatemilitaryapparatus.Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfromviolence,theothersacrificestheindividualtoviolenceintheinterestsofthestate.Inwarthestateaffirmssupremepowerovertheindividualswithinitsownborders.Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheircommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.Timesofwartestacommunity’sdeepestreligiousandethicalcommitments.

1.Humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehaviorinthat().

2.Thefunctionoflegalsystems,accordingtothepassageis().

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“...inlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused”(Lines5-6,Para2)?

4.Theworld“allegiance”(Line5,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto().

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.itthreatenstheexistingsocialsystems

B.itisinfluencedbysociety

C.ithasrootsinreligiousconflicts

D.itisdirectedagainstinstitutionsoflaw

问题2选项

A.tocontrolviolencewithinasociety

B.toprotecttheworldfromchaos

C.tofreesocietyfromtheideaofrevenge

D.togivethegovernmentabsolutepower.

问题3选项

A.Legalsystemsgreatlyreducethepossibilitiesofphysicalviolence.

B.Offensesagainstindividualsarenolongerjudgedonapersonalbasis.

C.Victimsofviolencefonditmoredifficulttotakerevenge.

D.Punishmentisnotdriedoutdirectlybytheindividualsinvolved.

问题4选项

A.loyalty

B.objective

C.survival

D.motive

问题5选项

A.Governmentstendtoabusetheirsupremepowerintimesofwar.

B.Intimesofwar,governmentsmayextendtheirpoweracrossnationalborders.

C.Intimesofwar,governmentsimposehighreligiousandethicalstandardsontheirpeople.

D.Governmentsmaysacrificeindividualsintheinterestsofthestateintimesofwar

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段“Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.”人类暴力的许多表现总是由影响进攻行为的社会习俗所决定的。由此可得知,人类的暴力会受社会影响,选项B正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段第一句“Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.”社会中的暴力是通过法律制度来控制的。选项A符合原文。

3.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Inastatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecycleofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.”在国家控制的法律制度中,个人被排除在暴力行为引起的报复循环之外,国家承担保护他们的责任。也就是说惩罚不再是由相关个人直接处理的。选项D符合原文。选项A在文中没有提及。

4.词汇题。根据可知“allegiance”应与“commitment”“supremesacrifice”意思相近,再根据句意可知,选项A更符合原文语境。句意:这是国家向人民提出最强有力的要求,要求他们作出承诺、忠诚和最大的牺牲的时刻。

5.推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfromviolence,theothersacrificestheindividualtoviolenceintheinterestsofthestate.”一方面(国家)保护个人不受暴力侵害,另一方面又为了国家的利益使个人牺牲在暴力之下。选项D符合原文。

11.单选题

Acycleridewalkorswimatleastthreetimesaweekwill______yourcirculationandhelpmaintainahealthybloom.

问题1选项

A.boost

B.heighten

C.compel

D.renew

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项boost“促进”;B选项heighten“提高”;C选项compel“强迫”;D选项renew“更换;重新开始”。句意:每周至少骑三次自行车,散步或游泳,可以______你的血液循环,帮助保持健康的血液循环。横线处和yourcirculation“你的血液循环”形成动宾关系,只有A选项boost“促进”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Ifyoustandontopofacliffbookingdownadeepvalley,you’llfeel().

问题1选项

A.uncomfortable

B.dizzy

C.sick

D.feeble

【答案】B

【解析】uncomfortable不舒服的;dizzy头晕目眩的;sick恶心的;feeble虚弱的。句意:如果你站在悬崖顶端往下看深谷,你会感到头晕目眩。选项B更符合语境。

13.单选题

Thefirestartedonthefirstfloorofthehospital______wereelderlyandweak.

问题1选项

A.manyofitspatients

B.manyofwhichpatients

C.manypatientsofwhom

D.manyofwhosepatients

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。句意:大火从医院的一楼开始蔓延,在一楼有许多年老体弱的病人。横线到句尾部分是修饰firstfloor的定语从句,patients和firstfloor是所属关系,用引导词whose,D选项manyofwhosepatients符合题意。A选项中its不是引导词,不引导从句;B选项中which不表示所属关系;C选项中whom用在先行词是人的情况。因此D选项正确。

14.单选题

Thediscussionhasbeenunexpectedlygoingforthreehours,andI’mafraidtheywill()itstilllonger.

问题1选项

A.extend

B.lengthen

C.stretch

D.protract

【答案】D

【解析】extend延伸,扩大;lengthen延长,加长;stretch伸展,延伸;protract(时间)延长。句意:讨论出乎意料地进行了三个小时,恐怕他们会把时间拖得更长。只有选项D表示时间延长,符合语境。

15.单选题

Evensensiblemendo()thingssometimes.

问题1选项

A.abrupt

B.absurd

C.acute

D.apt

【答案】B

【解析】abrupt生硬的,唐突的;absurd荒谬的,可笑的;acute严重的,激烈的;apt恰当的,灵敏的。句意:即使明智的人有时也会做荒唐的事。选项B符合语境。

16.单选题

Nylonisa(n)()material;itcanbeusedtomakeagreatmanythings.

问题1选项

A.compound

B.imitation

C.versatile

D.crystal

【答案】C

【解析】compound复合的;imitation人造的,仿制的;versatile多用的,万能的;crystal水晶的,透明的。根据下句:尼龙可以用来做很多东西,说明尼龙用途广泛,选项C符合句意。

17.单选题

TherapidgrowthofFlorida’scitieshascausedthestate’sroadsandhighwaystobecome().

问题1选项

A.wornout

B.impassable

C.congested

D.muffled

【答案】C

【解析】wornout疲惫不堪的,耗尽的;impassable不能通行的;congested堵塞的,拥挤的;muffled听不清的,蒙住的。句意:佛罗里达州城市的快速发展导致该州的道路和高速公路变得拥挤不堪。选项C符合语境。

18.单选题

Allthingsintheuniverseareinterrelatedand()witheachother.

问题1选项

A.intervene

B.interfere

C.interrupt

D.interact

【答案】D

【解析】intervene干涉,插入;interfere妨碍,打扰;interrupt闯入,打断;interact相互影响,相互作用。根据句意可知,这里指世界上所有的事物都是相互联系,相互影响的。选项D符合句意。

19.单选题

Inhisfifties,Dr.Brownbecamedirectorofthechemicalcompany,apositionhe()fortherestofhislife.

问题1选项

A.attained

B.cherished

C.expanded

D.retained

【答案】D

【解析】attain达到,实现;cherish珍爱;expand扩大;retain保持。句意:50岁时,Brown博士成为这家化学公司的董事,他在这个职位上呆了一辈子。只有选项D符合语境。

20.单选题

Whenwedrovealong,wesawheavywispsofsmokefromfactorychimneys()upintotheair.

问题1选项

A.ascending

B.fluctuating

C.spiraling

D.charging

【答案】A

【解析】ascendupinto...为固定搭配,表示“上升,升向”。这里指烟囱里的烟升向天空,选项A正确。

21.单选题

Ishalltellhimthetruth,______.

问题1选项

A.nomatterwhetherhelikesitornot

B.whetherhelikesitornot

C.nomatterhelikesitornot

D.whetherhewouldlikeitornot

【答案】A

【解析】考查状语从句。句意:不管他喜不喜欢,我都会告诉他真相。nomatter与疑问词who,what,where,when,how,if,whether等连用,意为“无论,不管”,可引导让步状语从句,A选项nomatterwhetherhelikesitornot符合题意。B选项中whether意思为“(表示迟疑或两个可能性之间的选择)是否”,不符合语境;C选项中nomatter意思为“不要紧”,用法错误;D选项中whether用法错误。因此A选项正确。

22.单选题

Ticketsforthefirstthreerowsarenotavailabletothoseofordinarysocialstanding;theyare(

forcelebrities.

问题1选项

A.retained

B.occupied

C.preserved

D.reserved

【答案】D

【解析】retained保留,保存;occupied占用;preserved保藏;reserved预订,保留。句意:社会地位一般的人买不到前三排的票;它们是为名人保留的。选项D符合语境。

23.单选题

Heistheonlypersonwhocan()inthiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

问题1选项

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作证;charge负责;accuse指控;rectify改正。句意:句意:他是唯一能为这个案件作证的人,因为其他证人都被神秘杀害了。选项A符合句意。

24.单选题

Atlastsheleftherhouseandhurriedtotheairportonly______theplaneflyingaway.

问题1选项

A.saw

B.seen

C.seeing

D.tosee

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:最后她离开了家,匆忙赶往机场,却只看见飞机飞走了。only+现在分词(短语)和only+不定式(短语)都可作结果状语,跟现在分词往往表示一种自然的合乎逻辑的结果,而跟不定式往往表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果,仅限于少数终止性动词,如find,hear,learn,make,see等。only到句尾部分是结果状语,匆忙赶往机场却未能如愿登机,是令人失望的结果,D选项tosee符合题意。A选项saw是一般过去时,作谓语动词,不作非谓语动词;B选项seen是过去分词,不单独使用;C选项onlyseeing表示合乎逻辑的结果,含有意料之中的意思,不存在失望的情况,不符合语境。因此D选项正确。

25.单选题

Ifonebrandofcomputeris()withanotherbrand,theycanbeusedtogetherandcanusethesamesoftware.

问题1选项

A.competent

B.compulsory

C.comparable

D.compatible

【答案】D

【解析】competent胜任的,有能力的;compulsory义务的,必修的;comparable同等的,可比较的;compatible兼容的,能共处的。句意:如果一个品牌的电脑与另一个品牌的电脑兼容,它们就可以一起使用,并且可以使用相同的软件。选项D符合句意。

26.单选题

ThetryptophanintheThanksgivingturkeyhad______effect,inducingsleepinthosewhoconsumedit.

问题1选项

A.aninvigorating

B.depreciatory

C.hypnotic

D.lethal

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。A选项aninvigorating“使精力充沛的”;B选项depreciatory“贬值的”;C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的;安眠的”;D选项lethal“致命的”。句意:感恩节火鸡中的色氨酸有______的作用,能让吃火鸡的人入睡。色氨酸可以让人们入睡,可见有让人产生困意的作用,C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的;安眠的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

27.单选题

Companiesspendmillionsofdollarsonadsandcommercials,tryingto()theAmericanpublicintopurchasingtheirproducts.

问题1选项

A.misplace

B.mock

C.maneuver

D.manifest

【答案】C

【解析】misplace放错地方;mock嘲笑;maneuver调动,调遣;manifest证明,显示。句意:公司花费数百万美元在广告和商业上,试图调动美国民众购买他们的产品。选项C符合句意。

28.单选题

Everyoneintheauditoriumwasweepingbythetimehefinishedhis()tale.

问题1选项

A.sympathetic

B.pathetic

C.synthetic

D.interesting

【答案】B

【解析】sympathetic同情的;pathetic悲惨的;synthetic综合的,人造的;interesting有趣的。根据句意可知,观众们都哭了,说明这是一个悲惨的故事。选项B更符合语境。

29.单选题

Wemustensurearationalproportionbetween()andconsumption.

问题1选项

A.conformation

B.acceleration

C.coordination

D.accumulation

【答案】D

【解析】conformation构造,一致;acceleration加速,促进;coordination协调,对等;accumulation积聚,累积。根据句意可知,这里应填入consumption的反义词,只有选项D符合语境。

30.翻译题

长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城,就像到了巴黎没去看菲尔铁塔(EiffelTower),或者就像到了埃及没去看金字塔一样。人们常说:“不到长城非好汉。”实际上,长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙,直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连接成长城。然而,今天我们看到的长城——东起山海关,西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的。

【答案】TheGreatWallisoneofthewondersoftheworldthatcreatedbyhumanbeings!IfyoucometoChinawithoutclimbingtheGreatWall,it’sjustlikegoingPariswithoutvisitingtheEiffelTower;orgoingtoEgyptwithoutvisitingthePyramids!Menoftensay,“HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.”Infact,itbeganasindependentwallsfordifferentstateswhenitwasfirstbuilt,anddidnotbecomethe“GreatWall”untiltheQinDynasty.However,thewallweseetoday,startingfromShanhaiguanPassintheeasttoJiayuguanPassinthewest,wasmostlybuiltduringtheMingDynasty.

31.单选题

Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover,despitetheSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymustselectivecollegesanduniversities.Butsomecriticsraisedthepossibilityofmorelawsuits,andpromisedtocontinuepressuringtheDepartmentofEducation’sOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigatequestionablepolicies.“We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram...onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.”saysLindaChavez,founderandpresidentoftheCenterforEqualOpportunity,aconservativenon-profitgroup.

Otherssaythey’lltaketheircasetovoters.“Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox.”saysUniversityofCaliforniaregentWardConnerly,whohelpedwinvoterapprovalofCalifornia’sProposition209,whichprohibitsconsideringraceorgenderinpubliceducation,hiringandcontracting.Becauseofthatlaw,Monday’srulinghadnopracticalimpactinthestate.“Itmaybetimeforusto...letthe(Michigan)votersdecideiftheywanttouseraceasafactorinadmissions.”Connerlysaid.

Meanwhile,U.S.EducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush’sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction,saidtheDepartmentofEducationwill“continueexaminingandhighlightingeffectiverace-neutralapproachestoensurebroadaccesstoanddiversitywithinourpublicinstitutions”.EvenSupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connor,inoneoftheopinions,recommendedthatstateslookforlessonsinrace-neutralprogramsbeingtriedinCaliforniaandelsewhere.Whiletherulingsaidadmissionsofficialsmayconsiderraceintheselectionprocess,collegesanduniversitiesarenotobligatedtodoso.“Ultimatelyinthedebate,diversityisachoice,notalegalmandate.”saysArthurColeman,aformerDepartmentofEducationofficialwhonowhelpscollegesanduniversitiesensureconstitutionalpolicies.

Thepublic,too,remainsconflicted,largelyalongraciallines.AccordingtoaJanuarypollbythenonprofitresearchorganizationPublicAgenda,79%ofAmericanssaiditisimportantforcollegestohavearaciallydiversestudentbody,whilejust54%saidaffirmativeactionprogramsshouldcontinue.InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.AndsomeeducatorsdoubtthatwithMonday’sruling,thoseopposingaffirmativeactionwillchangetheirminds.

Fornow,admissionsofficialsanduniversitylawyersareporingovertherulingtodeterminehoworwhethertoadjustpolicies.Whilemosttendtobeclosed-mouthedaboutadmissionspolicies,manysaytheydon’texpectsignificantchanges.

1.Whatthecriticssaidinthefirstparagraphamountstotheideathat________.

问题1选项

A.noadmissionpoliciesbasedonraceshouldbeimplemented

B.minorityapplicantsshouldbegivenfavorableconsiderations

C.differentstandardsforadmittingminoritystudentsshouldbesetup

D.selectivecollegesanduniversitiesshouldbepunishedfortheirdiscriminatorypolicies

【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。

找句内线索

根据题干定位到第一段最后一句We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram…onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.(我们谈论……只适用于少数族裔的招生、奖学金等项目,或在这些方面录取标准的不同。),可知批评人士认为针对少数族裔,录取标准应当不同,C选项“录取少数种族学生的标准应该不同”正确。

排除干扰项

A选项“不应执行基于种族考虑的录取政策”:他们认为少数族裔的录取标准应该不同,参考了种族因素,属于反向干扰。

B选项“少数民族申请人应当优先考虑”:录取标准不同不等于优先考虑,属于过度推断。

D选项“名牌大学应该因为他们的歧视性政策而受到惩罚”:根据第一段第一、二句theSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymustselectivecollegesanduniversities.(最高法院周一的裁决支持多元化学生群体的目标。高等教育领袖们对这一决定表示了极大的欢迎,称这再次肯定了名牌大学所采用的政策。),可知名牌大学没有歧视行为,属于反向干扰。

32.单选题

Ifyouhaveanyclothes______today,givethemtome.

问题1选项

A.towash

B.tobewashed

C.forwashing

D.beingwashed

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你今天有衣服要洗,就给我。在固定句型have(give,show)sth.todo中,不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,动词不定式作定语,用主动形式表被动意义,A选项towash符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。

33.单选题

Hegaveusan()consenttotaketheapples,forhesmiledwhenhesawusdoit

问题1选项

A.exaggerated

B.implicit

C.impartial

D.extravagant

【答案】B

【解析】exaggerated夸张的;implicit含蓄的,暗示的;impartial公正的;extravagant奢侈的,浪费的。句意:他默许我们拿走苹果,因为当他看到我们这样做时,他笑了。选项B符合句意。

34.单选题

Cropsdiesduringthe(),resultinginfaminethroughoutthecountry.

问题1选项

A.adversity

B.disaster

C.drought

D.calamity

【答案】C

【解析】adversity灾难,逆境,不幸;disaster灾祸;drought干旱;calamity灾难,不幸事件。根据句意可知,庄稼应该是在旱季才会死亡,所以选项C符合语境。

35.单选题

John()onhismistakelongafterthetestwasover.

问题1选项

A.considered

B.dwelt

C.contemplate

D.figured

【答案】B

【解析】dwellon为固定搭配,指“细想,凝思”。句意:测试结束后很久,约翰还在想着他的错误。选项B符合句意。

36.单选题

Allthepeopleinthestadiumcheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons()slowlyintothesky.

问题1选项

A.ascending

B.elevating

C.lifting

D.lingering

【答案】A

【解析】ascend上升;elevate提升,举起;lift提升,举起;linger徘徊。根据句意可知这里指气球慢慢上升到空中,选项A符合语境。

37.翻译题

现在越来越盛行送十几岁的小孩子到国外留学,人数在急剧增加。他们的家长对国外的教育抱有不切实际的幻想。外国院校举办的教育展览把国外的学校说的天花乱坠,使他们听了介绍之后便心动变为行动。

可是,把小孩子送到国外学习并不一定带来好的结果。许多学生缺乏适应性和灵活性,他们很难融入到国外新的环境,由于在文化上难以适应,即缺乏在国外陌生环境下生存的能力,他们往往会受到所谓“文化震荡”的冲击。缺乏必要的观察能力,使他们难以理解东道主国家人民的行为表现,他们也就无法与当地人打成一片,缺乏适应性以及交流和交往能力必然会使自己感到孤立。

感到孤独和生活上不能自理,他们会经常想家和情绪低落。更重要的是,由于他们在学习上没有打好坚实的基础,不能适应外语环境下的学习,由于他们缺乏独立学习的能力,所以就不可能取得所期望的进步。

于是,许多人便不得不半途而废,放弃来之不易的学习机会。因此,过早地送小孩子到国外学习不一定是件好事情。

如果想要孩子到国外去见见世面,可以让他们集体参加短期的国外游学项目,住在外国人的家里,参加暑期班的学习,在所在地开展一些旅游活动,但这些团组必须有专门的老师陪同,提供全程性的指导和帮助。

【答案】Thereisagrowingtrendofsendingteenagestudentsabroadtostudy—thenumberhasbeenincreasingdramatically.Theirparentshaveunrealisticillusionsaboutforeigneducation.Attractedbytheeducationalexhibitionspresentedbyforeignuniversitiesandcollegeswhichpaintmanyrosypicturesandtellmanyglowtales,theyarepromptedintoaction.

However,sendingchildrentostudyabroaddoesn’tnecessarilyproducegoodoutcomes.Manyyoungstudentslackadaptabilityandflexibility.Theyfindithardtoadaptthemselvestonewenvironmentinforeigncountries.Becauseofthelackofculturaltoughness——theabilitytoliveinanalienculture,theyusuallysufferfromtheso-called“culturalshock”.Withoutadequateperceptualability—theabilitytounderstandwhythehost-countrypeoplebehaveastheydo,theyfinditdifficulttoempathizewiththem.Andduetothelackofself-orientation,theabilitytocommunicateandinteracteffectivelywithhost-countrynationals,theytendtofindthemselvesisolated.

Feelinglonelyandbeingunabletotakecareofthemselvesmakethemhomesickanddowninspirits.Andmoreimportantly,becausetheseyoungstudentsdon'thaveasoundacademicfoundationandtheabilitytopursuestudyinaforeignlanguage,theydon'tknowhowtoworkindependentlyandoftenfailtomaketheprogresstheydesire.

Therefore,manystudentshavetogiveuptheirhard-earnedlearningopportunityhalfway.Hence,sendingchildrentostudyabroadwhentheyarestillyoungisnotnecessarilyagoodthing.

Ifparentswanttobroadenthevisionoftheirchildren,itisadvisabletos

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