如何上好一堂儿科理论课课件

NutritionofChildhoodDepartmentofPediatricsSoochowUniversityAffiliatedChildren’sHospitalNutritionofChildhoodDepartme

NutritionofChildhood

Goodnutritionhelpstopreventacuteandchronicillness,todevelopphysicalandmentalpotential,andtoprovidereservesforstress.NutritionofChildhood

1.NUTRITIONALREQUIREMENTSEnergyEnergyneedsofchildrenatdifferentagesandundervariousconditionsvariousgreatly.1.NUTRITIONALREQUIREMENTBasalMetabolism基础代谢TheThermicEffectofFood(TEF)食物特殊动力作用EnergyRequiredforgrowthanddevelopment生长发育PhysicalActivities体力活动Elimination排泄损失EnergyBasalMetabolism基础代谢ETheaveragedailyrequirementisapproximately110kcal/kgforthefirstyearoflife,withsubsequentdecreasesofabout10kcal/kgforeachsucceeding3yearsperiod.EnergyTheaveragedailyrequirementGenerally,approximately10%-15%ofthecaloriesarederivedfromprotein;50%-60%fromcarbohydrate;35%-45%fromfat.EnergyGenerally,approximately10%-1VitaminsMineralsWaterThenormalinfant'sabsoluterequirementforwaterprobablyis150ml/kg/dayisrecommended.

DietaryFiber

VitaminsTHEFEEDINGOFINFANTS

婴儿喂养

THEFEEDINGOFINFANTS

婴儿喂养

BreastFeedingBreastfeedingprovidesoptimalnutritionforthenormalinfantduringtheearlymonthsoflife.BreastFeedingBreastfeedingp(Thefirstmilk)colostrum初乳

Thebreastwithfivedaysafterdeliveryiscolostrum.Thecolostrumisalemon-yellowcolorandalkaline.Thetotalamountofcolostrumsecreteddailyis10-40ml.(Thefirstmilk)colostrum初乳Colostrumcontainsmoreproteinsandmoreminerals,butlowerincarbohydrateandfat.Humancolostrumalsocontainssomeuniqueimmunologicfactorsandhighinglobulins.ColostrumcontainsmoreproteiThetransitionalmilk过度乳Whichisthesecretionofthebreastfromfivedaysto10daysafterbirthThetransitionalmilk过度乳ThematureMilk成熟乳Whichisthesecretionofthebreastfrom11daysafterbirthto10months.ThematureMilk成熟乳CompositionofHumanMilk

母乳成分HumanmilkproteinMilklipidsCarbohydrateMineralcontentofhumanmilkVitaminsCompositionofHumanMilk

母乳成AdvantagesofBreastFeedingEasytobenursingNutritionalbenefitsPsychologicalbenefitsImprovementofimmunitybenefitsDevelopmentalbenefitsBenefitstoMothersAdvantagesofBreastFeedingEManagementofBreastFeedingBreastfeedingshouldbeginassoonafterdeliveryastheconditionofthemotherandofthebabypermits,preferablywithinthefirsthours.Infantsshouldbebroughttothemotherforfeedingaboutevery3hoursduringthedayandevery4hoursduringnight.ManagementofBreastFeedingBrWeaningofBreastFeedingPraise,lovingattention,cuddling,andselectionofappropriatetime(about10monthsofages)arevitaltosuccessfulweaning.Avoidweaninginhotweatherorwheninfantissick.WeaningofBreastFeedingPraisCombinedFeeding

混合喂养Combinedfeedingmeansthattheinfantisreceivingbothbreastmilkandartificialmilkfeeds.CombinedFeeding

混合喂养CombinedArtificialFeeding

人工喂养Artificialfeedingmeansthatnutritioussubstitutesforhumanmilkhavebeendeveloped.ArtificialFeeding

人工喂养ArtifiCalculationfortheamountofcow‘smilkrequiredbyinfant

（婴儿的奶量计算）Ifaninfantisfedby8%sugared-milk,thetotalenergyandtheamountofmilkandliquidneedtobecalculated.Forexample,one3-monthsinfant,weight5kg:CalculationfortheamountofCalculationfortheamountofcow‘smilkTheamountofenergyprovidedbywholecow'smilkis68kcal/100mlTheamountofenergyprovidedbysugaris4kcal/gEnergyprovidedby100ml8%sugared-milk:68kcal+4kcal/g×8g=100kcalEnergyprovidedby1ml8%sugared-milkis1kcalCalculationfortheamountofTotaldailyenergyneed:110kcal/kg×5=550kcalTheamountofdailymilkrequired:550×100/100=550mlTheamountofdailysugarrequired:8/100×550=44gTheamountofdailyliquidrequired:150×5=750mlSupplyliquidbesidesmilk:750-550=200mlTheaboveamountisdividedinto5-6timesperdayTotaldailyenergyneed:110kcArtificialFeeding

人工喂养DriedWholeMilk奶粉Warmwaterisaddedtomakewholemilk,withtheratioofl:8byweight(1gdriedwholemilkadd8gwater)orl:4byvolume(lspoonofdriedwholemilkadd4spoonsofwater).ArtificialFeeding

人工喂养DriedComplementarySolidFood

（辅食添加）ComplementarySolidFood

（辅食添加ObjectsofComplementarySolidFoodsWeaningImprovegrowthanddevelopmentComplementarynutrimentObjectsofComplementarySolidSchedule