(外研版)选修6Module5Cloning知识点整理一

选修6Module5Cloning 知识点整理一非谓语动词(1)HowIregretthedays____indoingtheuselesswork!A.wasted B.havingbeenwastedC.whichwasting D.havingwasted(2)Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething____.A.tosteal B.losing C.missed D.stolen(3)Whydoyouhavethewater____allthetime?A.ran B.toberunning C.running D.beingrunning(4)____Sunday,allofthemwentout.A.Itbeing B.Being C.Tobe D.Been(5)____,thisiseasytodo.A.GenerallyspeakingB.GenerallyspokenC.Generallytospeak D.Generallytobespoken(6)Heisan____man.A.educatedB.educatingC.tobeeducatedD.havingeducated(7)____whattodo,sheaskedherteacherforhelp.A.NotknownB.NotknowingC.NottoknowD.Havingnotknown(8)Iremember____toPariswhenIwasaverysmallchild.A.beingtakenB.havingtakenC.totakeD.todotaken(9)Thefirstthingtheyhadgottodowastofindsomething____.A.eatingB.eatenC.toeatD.tobeeaten(10)Thequestionisdifficult____.A.foransweringB.forbeingansweredC.tobeansweredD.toanswer(11)Inthereadingroom,wefoundher____atadesk,herattention____onamagazine.A.sit;tofix B.seating;beingfixed C.seated;fixing D.sitting;fixed(12)_____speaking,Iwouldsaythataboutfivehundredpeopleattendedtheopeningceremony.A.Roughly B.Generally C.Honestly D.Constantly(13)Thinkingofhisson,whowaskilledinatrafficaccident,_____.A.hisheartsankB.hewasindeepsorrowC.tearscameintohiseyesD.wefoundhimintears(14)Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar’sengine.______we’dbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.A.Otherwise B.ifnot C.Butforthat D.Ifso(1)A (2)D (3)C(4)A(5)A (6)A(7)B(8)A (9)C (10)D (11)D (12)A粗略地说(13)B(14)D听起来好像汽车的发动机出了故障。如果这样的话，我们最好马上把它开到维修厂（修理一下）从句练习选修6Module5Cloning 1(1)We’llneverforgetthedays______wespentontheseashore.A.duringwhich B.inwhich C.when D./(2)Isthisthereason_____youareinfavouroftheproposal?A.which B.that C.why D.forthat(3)The11thAsianGames,______Chinawon183goldmedals,washeldintheautumnof1990.A.which B.that C.atwhich D.atthat(4)Theonlything______iswrongwiththisis______afriendofminesaidtometheotherday.A.which;whatB.what;thatC.that;whatD.that;which(5)Whoistheman______istalkingwithJohn?A.whichB.whoC.whatD.that(6)Thefarmeruseswoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrains.A.withwhichB.towhereC.whichD.inwhich(7)Ireallydon’tknow______Ihadmypocketpicked.A.wherewasitthatB.itwaswherethatC.whereitwasthatD.wasitwherethat(8)Heinsistedthathe______rightindoingthat.A.shouldbeB.wasC.wouldbeD.is(9)—HaveyouheardfromMaryrecently?—Yes,shesaidshewasthinking______sheshoulddonext.A.that B.ofwhat C.what D.how(10)Canyouguess______?A.whothatmanisB.whoisthatman C.whatisthatman D.whomthatmanis(11)Heexpressedahope______hewouldvisitChinaagainthenextyear,andthiswastheveryhope_____hewouldexpressassoonashearrivedinthecountry.A.that;that B.which;which C.that;which D.which;that(1)A定语从句(2)C(3)C(4)C第一空是定语从句，第二空是表语从句 (5)D (6)Dwith表用某种工具或手段.westoregrainsinthehouse.house不用做工具.(7)C强调句 (8)Binsist当“坚持说”讲时，引导的宾语从句用陈述语气；当“坚持要求”讲时，引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气。例如：Heinsistedthathewasingoodhealthandbesenttoworkthere.他宣称自己身体很好，他坚决要求要把他送到那工作。 (9)B宾语从句 (10)A宾语从句 (11)A前一个空是同位语从句，后一个空是定语从句时态练习(1)Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe____hereanymore.A.hasn’tlived B.didn ’tliveC.hadn’tliveD.doesn’tlive(2)Thismachine____.Ithasn ’tworkedforyears.A.didn ’tworkB.wasn’tworkingC.doesn’tworkD.isn ’tworking选修6Module5Cloning 2(3)Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026____offat18:20.A.takes B.took C.willbetaken D.hastaken(4)Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyourseatbelts.Theplane____.A.takesoff B.istakingoff C.hastakenoff D.tookoff(5)—Wheredidyouputthecarkeys?—Oh,I____IputthemonthechairbecausethephonerangasI____in.A.remembered;comeB.remembered;wascomingC.remember;comeD.remember;wascoming(6)Thewater____coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercises.A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels(7)Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit____yesterday.A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened(8)I____inLondonformanyyears,butI’veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.A.livedB.waslivingC.havelivedD.hadlived(9)Whatweusedtothink____impossiblenowdoesseempossible.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe(10)MycousinwenttoCanadatwoyearsago.He____thereforafewmonthsandthenwenttoAmerica.A.workedB.wouldworkC.wouldbeworkingD.hasbeenworking(11)I_____tocallonyouyesterday,butsomeonecametoseemejustwhenIwasabouttoleave.A.hadintendedB.intendedC.haveintendedD.wasintending(1)D(2)C(3)A(4)B(5)Dremember指的是现在记得remembered是指过去记得.根据意思是现在（说话时）记得,所以用一般现在时.(6)C(7)D(8)A(9)Bwhatweusedtothinkwasimpossiblenowseemspossible.这句话是what引导的主语从句.whatweusedtothinkwasimpossible在句中做主语,seem为谓语.而was并非多余,因为weusedtothink相当于插入语(10)A(11)A过去本打算做而实际上没有做成语法：虚拟语气虚拟条件句中主从句的谓语形式不同虚拟条件下，虚拟条件句中主句和从句谓语的不同形式：虚拟情况从句谓语（以do为例）主句谓语（以do为例）对现在情况的假设did(be通常用were)would/should/could/might+do对过去情况的假设had+donewould/should/could/might+havedone对将来情况的假设①did(be通常用were)would/should/could/might+do选修6Module5Cloning 3②wereto+do③should+doIfIhadenoughmoneynow,Iwouldbuyacar .（现在）Ifitweretorain/shouldrain/rained,thecropswouldbesaved. （将来）Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting. （将来）Ifitweretorain,weshouldgetwet. （将来）Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday. （将来）Ifwehadn’tmadeadequate充足的preparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.（过去）★错综时间条件句：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow. 如果你刚才听从我的建议，你现在会好多了。Ifithadrainedlastnight （过去）,itwouldbeverycold. （现在）IfIwereyou（现在）,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice （过去）.★虚拟条件句的倒装如果在虚拟条件句中含有 had,should或were时，可把它们放于句首，并省略 if，使用倒装语序。HaditnotbeenforthePLA,wewouldn ’thavebeenabletobeattheflood.( 正常语序为Ifithadn’tbeenforthePLA,wewouldn’thavebeenabletobeattheflood.) 要不是人民解放军，我们是无法战胜洪水的。Should itraintomorrow,we would not goclimbing.（正常语序为 If it should raintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing. ）WereIabird,Iwouldflytoyouatonce. （正常语序为IfIwereabird,Iwouldflytoyouatonce.）名师指津：若条件从句是否定形式，倒装结构not不能与were,should 和had缩写在一起，只能将not放在后面。我们可以说：Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.但是不能说：Weren’titfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.★含蓄条件句由介词短语引出的虚拟条件句， 称为含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句中常由 without 要是没有,butfor 要不是,or,otherwise 否则等引出，而句子谓语形式则与同等虚拟条件下虚拟条件句的主句的谓语形式相同。Withoutair(Iftherewerenoair),therewouldbenolivingthings.如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。选修6Module5Cloning 4Butfor(要不是)yourhelp(Ifithadn ’tbeenforyourhelp)Icouldn 要是没’有thavedone你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.你的生日是他打电话告诉我的，否则我对此一无所知。asif也可用来引导方式状语从句，引导的从句常用虚拟语气，表示从句说的情况并非真实，而是主观的想象或夸张的比喻；如果从句所表示的情况是事实或说话人认为近乎是事实，亦可用陈述语气。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.（现在：“谓语动词用一般过去式”）HetalkedabouttheGreatWallasifhehadbeentherebefore.（过去“had+过去分词”）Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.他张开嘴好像要说什么。（将来：would/could/might+动词原形）(1)Ifmycar______morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe(2)Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sbeat,theearthatnight_____forustolive.A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly(3)MaybeifI______science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying(4)Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI______time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had(5)Bobwouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthe___________(be)busy.(6)Withoutanyfriend,we_____(feel)lonely.(7)Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewe_____(visit)moreplacesofinterestyesterday.(8)Withoutyourhelp,we________(fail)intheproject.(9)Aseriousstudyofphysicsisimpossible________someknowledgeofmathematics.(10)_____theaidfromthegovernment,theflood-strickenarea_____greaterloss.A.Apartfrom;shouldhavesufferedB.Butfor;wouldhavesufferedC.Without;couldsufferD.Exceptfor;wouldhavesuffered(11)Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichthey__________(throw)awayinthepast.(12)We________(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.(13)________(be)therenomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.(14)IfMrDewey_________(be)present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.(15)______hecaughtthemorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.选修6Module5Cloning 5(16)Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey_____________(come)toourhelp.(17)I________(go)tomycousin’sbirthdaypartylastnight,butIwasnotavailable.(18)—DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest?—No,ifso,he_______(drive)hiscartoourcollegeyesterday.(19)IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore,he_______(be)abletospeakitmuchbetternow.(20)Itmighthavesavedmesometrouble_____Iknowntheschedule.(21)ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI_______(do)it?(22)—Howmuchoftheforeignexpert’sspeechhaveyouunderstood?—Almostnothing.IwishI_____harderatEnglish.A.worked B.hadworked C.wouldwork D.wereworking(23)Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe______there,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.A.livesB.wouldliveC.haslivedD.weretolive(24)Wouldn’tyouratheryourchild_____successfulinhisstudy?A.becomeB.becameC.wouldbecomeD.becomes(1)B(2)A与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句，如果没有空气留住太阳的一些热量，到了晚上地球就会冷得令我们无法居住。(3)C错综时间条件句(4)D对现在情况的虚拟(5)was(6)wouldfeel(7)wouldhavevisited(8)wouldhavefailed(9)without没有一定的数学知识，进行严肃的物理学研究是不可能的(10)B(11)wouldhavethrown(12)wouldbe(13)Were(14)hadbeen(15)Had(16)wouldhavecome(17)wouldhavegone(18)wouldhavedriven(19)wouldbe(20)had要是我知道安排的话，我可能会省一些事儿。(21)haddone(22)B这位外国专家的演讲，你听明白了多少内容？几乎都没听明白。我希望我（过去）更努力地学习英语(23)D(24)B后从句用虚拟语气，如果与现在或将来事实相反，用一般过去时，如果和过去事实相反，用过去完成时。5.terrify v使恐惧，使惊吓terrified adj恐惧的，害怕的terrifying adj令人害怕的，使人恐惧的terrifysbintodoingsth 恐吓某人做某事beterrifiedof 对,,感到害怕beterrifiedat/with/by 因,,吓了一跳terroristn 恐怖分子，恐怖主义者Thatmusthavebeenaterrifyingexperienceforyou.Theanimalsweresoterrifiedbythestormthattheyranabout.Histhreatsterrifiedherintohandingoverthemoney. 他的恐吓使她怕得把钱交了出来。选修6Module5Cloning 6Wewereterrifiedat/with/byhisrudewords. 我们被他粗鲁的话吓了一跳。Thechildwasterrifiedofbeingscolded.(1)Fromtheboy’s______look,wecanseethe_______noise_______him.(2)The_____(terrify)lookonhisfaceshowsthathe’sgreatly_______(terrify).(3)Doyouthinkitisfun_______(terrify)childrenwithyourviolentbehavior?(4)Seeingthe_______(terrify)lookonthelittlegirl’sface,Tomwasfatisfiedwiththeghoststorymadeupbyhimself.(5)Whilewatchingtheboyfalloffthetalltree,Istoodthere,_____outofmymind.A.terrifying B.beingterrified C.terrified D.havingterrified(6)Theoldladywas______atthethoughtofthe______experienceintheforest.A.terrified;terrifying B.terrifying;terrified C.terrified;terrified D.terrifying;terrifying(7)Sometimesembarrassedoreven________(terrify),manyforeignershavelongcomplainedaboutmistranslations误译ofChinesedishes.(1)terrifiedterrifying terrified (2)terrifiedterrified (3)toterrify (4)terrified (5)C形容词或形容词短语作状语时，通常用来说明主语行为的原因、方式、伴随状况等。句意：当我看到那个男孩从那棵高树上掉下来时，我站在那里，吓呆了。 (6)A (7)terrified6.refusesb/sth 拒绝某人/某事refusesbsth(=refusesthtosb) 拒绝给某人某物refusetodosth 拒绝做某事Herefusedthegift.Shewouldneverrefuseherkidsanything. 她对孩子百依百顺。Herefusedtohelpme.(1)Ican ’tstand________(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses________(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.(2)TominvitedMarytogotothecinemawithhimbutMary______politely.A.received B.accepted C.agreed D.refused(3)ItriedtogetthemtobringdownthepriceoftheTVset,butthey_____to.SoIdidn’tbuyit.A.promised B.offered C.agreed D.refused(4)______(refuse)manytimes,thedeterminedmandidn’tgiveupandwasfinally offeredapositioninthefirm.(5)—Whyareyoulateagain?—SomethinghappenedtomyfriendWangFei.I_________tohelphim.A.didrefuseB.needn’thaverefusedC.couldn’twellrefuseD.didnotsayno(6)语法填空Coldcanaffectyour____①___.Yougivesomeonethecoldshoulderwhenyou___②__tospeak选修6Module5Cloning 7tohim.Theexpressionprobablycomesfromthe___③___(physics)actofturningyourbacktowardsomeone,insteadof_____④____(speak)tohim face-to-face.Youmaygiveacoldshouldertoafriendwhohasnotkept____⑤___promisehemadetoyou,ortosomeonewho_____⑥___(lie)toyou.(1)working tostop (2)D (3)D (4)Havingbeenrefused (5)C表示“没有理由不做某事”应该用couldn’twellrefusetodosth. (6)①shoulder寒冷也会影响到你的肩膀。 ②refuse当你拒绝与某人说话时，你就是对他冷淡 ③physical表示不愿意与某人说话表现在身体行为上就是转身背对他们。 ④speaking ⑤a ⑥haslied由本句中hasnotkept可知答案7.contrast v对照 n对比，对照（contract 合同 contact 接触）contrast , with, 使,,与,,形成对比contrastwith 形成对照incontrastto 与,,相比bycontrast 对比之下ItisinterestingtocontrasttheBritishlegalsystemwiththeAmericanone. 对比英国和美国的法制体系很有意思。Heractionscontrastedsharplywithherpromises. 她的行动与她的诺言相差甚远。Incontrasttothesurroundings,shewasyoung,prettyandbrisk. 她年轻、漂亮、动作轻快，同周围的一切形成对照。Bycontrast,youshouldstudyharder .对比之下，你更应该努力学习。辨析：contrast 与comparecontrast两者间“对比”“对照”，着重指通过两种事物或现象的比较突出它们之间的显著的不同之处。②compare常指为了指出两种事物或现象的 异同点而进行“比较”；也可用于比喻。(1)Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreaterjobstability[st?’b?l?ti]稳定性inJapan_____thegreatjobmobility[m??’b?l?ti]流动性intheUSA.A.contraryto B.inregardto C.incontrastto D.withrespectto(2)用contrast,compare的相关短语的适当形式填空a)Thehero’sdeeds________sharply_______thosewhoonlycareaboutthemselves.b)Ifyou_______theeducation_____thatinAmerica,youwillfindmanydifferences.c)Youngpeople__________therisingsun.(3)Inourcountrythecoldweatherinthenorth______sharply_____thewarmweatherinthesouthinwinter.A.combines;with B.relates;to C.compares;with D.contrasts;with(4)Mostpeopleworkbecauseit’sunavoidable._____,therearesomepeoplewhoactuallyenjoy选修6Module5Cloning 8work.A.Asaresult B.Inaddition C.Bycontrast D.Inconclusion(5)______earlyeconomics,muchofmoderneconomicanalysislargelyignoresgeography.A.Incontrastto B.Inspiteof C.Inadditionto D.Accordingto(6)It’sveryinterestingtocontrasttheBritishlegalsystem____theAmericanone.A.with B.to C.by D.from(7)Thereisanobvious_______betweentheculturesoftheWestandEast.A.content B.contrast C.contract D.contact(1)Ccontraryto与⋯⋯相反inregardto就⋯⋯而论withrespectto句意：关于日本有稳定的就业,而美国的就业（相对于日本来说）流动性很大,关于这一点,有几种可能的解释.(2)a)contrastwith b)comparewith c)arecomparedto (3)D (4)C大多数人工作是因为那是不可避免的，相比之下，还有一些人是真的喜欢工作。 (5)A与早期的经济学相比，很多现代经济分析在很大程度上都不考虑地理因素 (6)A把英国的法制和美国的加以对比很有意思。(7)B东西方文化之间形成了明显的对比8.burnout （火）燃尽，烧完自灭；烧光，烧空；耗尽体力，累垮burndown 烧毁（通常指建筑物被完全烧塌）burn, totheground 把,,夷为平地；彻底焚毁burnup/off 烧掉（某物）；（通过锻炼）消耗（热能）burnup 也有“烧掉”之意，但一般不是指建筑物。 Let’sburnupallthiswastepaper .Afterthreehours,thefireburntout. 三个小时后，火熄灭了。Theschoolbuildingwasburneddowninthatbigfire.Ifyouworklikethis,youwillburnyourselfout.Thevillagewasburnedtothegroundduringthewar .Whichburnsup/offmorecalories ——swimmingorcycling?游泳和骑车，哪种运动消耗热量大？(1)Thehotelwascompletely______,onlythewallsremained.A.burntdown B.burntwith C.burntout D.burntoff(2)Theancientchurchwasalmost_____beforethefirefightersmanagedtocontrolthebigfire.A.burneddownB.burningoutC.burnedoverD.burningup(3)用burn短语的适当形式填空a)Bytheageof25she_______completely________andretiredfromthesport.b)Thehousewasstruckbylightningand__________.c)IthinkI’llgoforawalkand__________afewcalories!(4)Thefamilywasburnt_____andforcedtoleavethearea.A.out B.up C.down D.off选修6Module5Cloning 9(5)Thepoorwomanhadnotsleptallnightandwascompletely___________.A.burntout B.reachedout C.watchedout D.turnedout(1)C (2)A (3)a)was;burnedout b)burneddown c)burnup/off (4)A这家人因房子被人放火烧了 被迫离开这个地区 (5)A那个可怜的女人整晚都没睡，身体完全垮了。9.breathe [bri:e]v 呼吸breathein 吸入breatheout 呼出breath[breθ]n呼吸takeadeepbreath 深吸一口气holdone ’sbreath屏住呼吸outofbreath 喘不过气来；上气不接下气（表示状态）loseone’sbreath 喘不过气来（表示动作）takeone ’sbreathaway令人惊叹,激动得说不出话来Thedoctortoldhimtobreatheindeeplyandthenbreatheout. 医生叫他先深深吸一口气，然后再把气呼出来。Seeingthis,everyonepresentheldtheirbreath.Wehurriedtothestationoutofbreath.Thewordswhatyousay,alwaystakemybreathaway. 你说的话总是让我忘记呼吸 .Myfirstviewoftheislandfromtheairtookmybreathaway. 我第一次从空中看到这个岛时，叹赏不已。(1)Thefreshairinthemorningispleasant___________(breathe).You’dbettergetupearlytodosomeexercise.(2)Hecanholdhis____________呼(吸)underthewaterforfiveminutes.(3)屏住气息数五下，然后慢慢地呼气。Holdyourb________foracountoffive,andthenslowlyb___________out.(4)Shewassoweakthatwhensheclimbeduptothefourthfloor,shewas______.A.holdingherbreath B.takenadeepbreathC.outofbreath D.outofthebreath(5)Theaudience______toseewhowouldwinthegoldmedal.A.tookadeepbreath B.heldtheirbreath C.losttheirbreath D.wasoutofbreath