2018年考研英语二模拟考试题1和答案解析

1、.2018考研英语二模拟试题及答案一Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, _1 _ those of the young woman, but

2、 also a matchmaker. A young man can _2_a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to _3 _ the marriage negotiations, or the young mans parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection._4_ , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. _5 _ a sp

3、ouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying _6_ a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, _7_ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and _

4、8_ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, _9_cotton threads soaked in holy water around the brides and grooms wrists, and _10_ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the _11_ . Newlyseds traditionally move in with the wifes parents

5、 and may _12_ with them up to a year, _13_they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to _14_ ,but not common. Divoreced persons are _15_with some disapproval. Each spouse retains _16_ property he or she _17_ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is _18_ equally. Divorced

6、persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice _19_ up: The divorced male doesnt have a waiting period before he can remarry _20_ the woman must wait ten months.1. A by way of B on behalf of C as well as D with regard to 标准答案 C as well as考点分析 逻辑关系选项分析 因为考查逻辑关系,所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：空格处身处大环境not onlybut

7、 also之中,这是一个明显的并列关系,表示不仅而且,该空后面的those指代前文出现的parents and friends,显然the young man与the young woman为并列关系,表示与他本人以及伴侣的父母朋友相关,所以答案只能是C项as well as 也,又。A项by way of 通过,D项with regard to 关于,B项on behalf of 代表。2. A adapt to B provide for C compete with D decide on标准答案 D decide on考点分析 上下文语义选项分析 根据该句的主语a young man与

8、宾语a likely spouse的关系,答案只能是D项decide on决定,表示自己决定自己的配偶。B项provide for为提供准备,provide为及物动词,直接跟宾语,不需要加介词；C项compete with与竞争,A项adapt to适用。3. A close B remew C arrange D postpone标准答案 C arrange考点分析 上下文语义及动词辨析选项分析 该句意思为：他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母_婚姻谈判。四个选项中,A项close 关闭；B项renew 更新,恢复；D项postpone 推迟；这三项语义不正确,只有C项arrange安排符合

9、语境。4. A Above all B In theory C In time D For example标准答案 B In theory考点分析 上下文语义选项分析 逻辑判断题主要是看前后两句的含义,前面说他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母安排婚姻谈判,或者完全由父母选择对象,不给孩子选择的机会。空格后面说女方可以否决她父母所选择的对象。这两句之间显然是相反的关系,且有一个may,更证明B项In theory理论上说的正确性,而其他选项A项Above all最重要的是,C项In time 准时,D项For example举例,均不符合题意。5. A Although B Lest C Af

10、ter D Unless标准答案 C After考点分析 上下文语义选项分析 根据下文_a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other可知,只有对象选择好后,父母才会去调查对方,显然表达的是时间先后顺序,所以只有after才对。其他选项A项Although 尽管, B项Lest 以免,唯恐,DUnless 除非,否则都不符合题意。6. A into B within C from D through标准答案 A into考点分析 上下文语义及介词辨析选项分析 这里主要是看marry与相关介词的固定搭配及句意理解。这里

11、marry into就是指通过婚姻得到成为的一员,而其他选项均没有这层含义。7. A since B or C but D so标准答案 C but考点分析 逻辑关系选项分析 根据上文以前婚礼会持续三天,出处句子意为到了20世纪80年代,婚礼只持续一天半,显然与前文发生转变,为对比关系,因此选择C项but 但是。8. A copy B test C recite D create标准答案 C recite考点分析 上下文语义及动词辨析选项分析 空格处需要填一个动词,和后面的prayers of blessing所搭配,C项recite 有吟诵、朗诵的意思,与所给短语搭配最为合理,译为吟诵祝福的

12、祈祷文。9. A folding B piling C wrapping D tying标准答案 D tying考点分析 上下文语义及动词辨析选项分析 本题需要根据上下文语义分析,空格处需要搭配后文棉线,纵观四个选项A项 折叠,B项 堆积,C项 包裹,D项 系上,根据后文的around the brides and grooms wrists 在新郎和新娘的腰间,只有D项将在圣水中浸过的棉线系在新郎和新娘的腰间符合句意。10. A passing B lighting C hiding D serving标准答案 A passing考点分析 上下文语义及动词辨析选项分析 原文空格需要填写一个动

13、词与后文around a circle来搭配,译为将蜡烛传一圈,故A项传递为正确选项。B项 点亮,C项 隐藏,D项 服务。11. A meeting B collection C association D union标准答案 D union考点分析 名词辨析选项分析 本句语义为将蜡烛绕着幸福完婚和受人尊敬的夫妻传递一圈来祝福 ,D项 结合,引申为婚姻之意；根据语境,D项正确。12. A grow B part C deal D live标准答案 D live考点分析 上下文语义及动词辨析选项分析 本题比较简单。根据语义根据传统,新婚夫妇要搬到妻子父母家,与父母_一年,D项生活为最佳答案。C项

14、 交易,B项 分开,A项 成长。13. A whereas B until C if D for标准答案 B until考点分析 时间逻辑关系选项分析 本句意为_他们在附近建造一栋新房子,A项 然而,B项 直到,D项因为,C项 如果,结合前文新婚夫妇根据传统要和女方家人生活一年,前后存在一定的时间关系,B项直到最符合原文语境,搭配最为合理。14. A avoid B follow C challenge D obtain标准答案 D obtain考点分析 上下文语义及动词辨析选项分析 Divorce is legal and relatively easy to _14_, but not c

15、ommon. 该句句意为离婚是合法的,且相对容易_。A项avoid避免,B项follow跟随,C项challenge挑战,质疑,D项obtain获得,实现。根据关键词legal可知这里表达的是正面的意思,再根据句意选择D项。15. A isolated B persuaded C viewed D exposed标准答案 C viewed考点分析 上下文语义及动词辨析选项分析 Divorced persons are _15_ with some disapproval. 离婚的人 一些不认可。本段第一句提到离婚是合法的且相对容易得到批准,但是不常见。这句其实是在说明离婚并不常见的原因,A项i

16、solated孤立,B项persuaded劝说,C项viewed看待,D项exposed接触,受到的影响,C项最符合句意。16. A whereever B whatever C whenever D however标准答案 B whatever考点分析 关系代词辨析选项分析 Each spouse retains _16_ property he or she _17_ into the marriage. 17小题四个选项都是动词,所以该句意思为：夫妇双方保有财产,这个财产是他或她进婚姻的。结合A项 whereever无论何地；任何地方=any place where；B项 whateve

17、r无论什么；任何东西=anything that/any+N that；C项 whenever无论何时；任何时间=any time when；D项 however无论如何；无论多么。根据语义,这里应该不是让步的关系,而且填的这个词还要能修饰property。因此,选择B项,等于retains any property that he or she。17. A changed B brought C shaped D pushed标准答案 B brought考点分析 上下文语义及动词义辨析选项分析 Each spouse retains _16_ property he or she _17_

18、into the marriage,结合A项 changed改变,B项 brought 带来,C项 shaped形成,D项 pushed推,逼迫。结合语境只有B项符合句意,意为把财产带入婚姻。18. A invested B divided C donated D withdrawn标准答案 B divided考点分析 上下文语义及动词义辨析选项分析 .and jointly-acquired property is _18_ equally. 结合A项invested投资；B项divided分配；分开；C项donated 捐赠；D项withdrawn撤出,提取。根据语义应该是共同财产被夫妻双

19、方平分,因此选择B项。19. A warms B clears C shows D breaks标准答案 C shows考点分析 动词固定搭配选项分析 Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice _19_up. 该句语义为离过婚的人或许会再婚,但是性别偏见 。A项warm up加热,热身；B项clear up天气变晴,收拾,消除；C项show up显现；D项break up分裂,分开；根据句意,选择C项。20. A while B so that C once D in that标准答案 A while选项分析 上下文语义考点分析

20、本句句意为：离婚的男性再婚不需要等待期,女性必须等十个月。显然前后两句存在转折关系,只有A项while然而能够表达这个意思。Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of

21、fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that incite excessive thin

22、ness by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. Thats a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some hav

23、e done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women that they should not let others be arbit

24、ers of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards

25、beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body typ

26、es. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to Frances actions, Denmarks fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, he

27、alth, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charters main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designer

28、s and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help el

29、evate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A Physical beauty would be redefined.B New runways would be constructed.C Websites about dieting would thrive.D The fashion industry would decline.答案 A Phy

30、sical beauty would be redefined解析 推断题。根据France定位到文章前两段,第一段讲法国决定时装业失去了定义define形体美physical beauty的绝对权力。法国的立法者通过了一项法律,雇用超瘦的模特属于犯罪,议会也禁止网站通过推崇极端节食鼓动过度瘦弱。第二段第二句提到They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. Thats a start. 他们建议美丽不应该以伤害身体健康为代价的外表来界定。由此可知,法国通过立法手段来改变法国

31、时装业模特超瘦的现状,即A项的形体美将会被重新定义,是对原文内容的合理推断。B项将会建造新的舞台,C项有关节食的网站将会兴起,D项时装业将会衰退,均不能从文中推测出来,属于无中生有。22. The phrase impinging on is closest in meaning to_A heightening the value of.B indicating the state of.C losing faith in.D doing harm to.答案 D doing harm to解析猜词题。定位到第二段第二句They suggest beauty should not be de

32、fined by looks that end up impinging on health. 他们建议美丽不应该以 身体健康为代价的外表来界定。impinging on后面的宾语为health,即对健康的某种影响。根据第二段第三句对超瘦模特的禁令似乎不仅仅是在防止模特挨饿致死正如曾有人这么做过的,可见法国目前的对美丽的定义导致了有人为了保持身材,挨饿致死,因此推测出这一短语在这里的意思为侵犯,伤害,D项对有害正确。A项增强了的价值,B项反映了的状态,C项对失去信心均不符合句意。23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry

33、?A The French measures have already failed.B New standards are being set in Denmark.C Model are no longer under peer pressure.D Its inherent problems are getting worse.答案 B New Standards are being set in Denmark解析细节题。根据第五段第二句话In Denmark,.it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion

34、. 在丹麦,它正尝试为模特设定自愿的标准,可知B项在丹麦新的标准正在被设定是对原文的同义替换。A项法国的措施失败了；C项不再有来自同行执法的压力,文章第五段第二句后半句提到images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement,属于正反混淆；D项它固有的问题变得更严重了,文中第五段只提及时装业有固有的问题,并未提及变得更严重,属于无中生有。24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for _A setting a high age threshold for models.B c

35、aring too much about models character.C showing little concern for health factors.D pursuing perfect physical conditions.答案 C showing little concern for health factors解析推断题。题设为一个设计师很可能因为什么原因被CFW拒绝,根据关键词CFW可回到文中定位至倒数第二段,该段提到丹麦的时尚界就有关模特的年龄、健康及其他特性的内容达成一致意见,且一项新法案也明确规定,他们已经意识到时尚界对于人们尤其是年轻人的身体健康所带来的影响,并

36、且应该对此承担责任,这一法规的执行方式就是拒绝一些设计师和模特经纪机构参加哥本哈根时装周CFW。因此C项的不关心健康因素符合题意,为正确答案。D项追求完美的身体状况,B项的过多关注模特的性格,A项设定了一个模特高龄门槛,均不符合题意。25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryB Just Another Round of Struggle for BeautyC A Dilemma for the Starving Models

37、in FranceD A Challenge to the Fashion Industrys Body Ideals答案 D A challenge to the Fashion Industrys Body Ideals解析主旨题。本文从首段就开始阐述法国通过立法禁止雇用超瘦的模特,时装业已经失去了定义女性身体之美的绝对权力,且议会也禁止网站通过宣传过度节食来强调过度消瘦。第二段继续说明美丽不能只看外表,更不能以牺牲健康为代价,时装业应该为传递给女性的不良信息负责。第三段说明女性不该让他人来评判自己的美丽。第四段讲法国的措施更多的是依靠严厉的惩罚。最后三段提到了丹麦与法国截然不同的措施。纵

38、观全文,文章主要在讲各个国家对解决目前模特超瘦的现状的措施,因此D项的对时装业身体典范的挑战是对原文的高度概括。Text 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.Californi

39、a has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing te

40、chnologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed Californias advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that

41、exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspects purse .The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring ones sm

42、artphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestees reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of cloud computing, meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices s

43、hould not swallow Californias argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as

44、a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate toA

45、search for suspects mobile phones without a warrant.B check suspects phone contents without being authorized.C prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.D prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one ofA tolerance.B indifferen

46、ce.C disapproval.D cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring ones phone content is comparable toA getting into ones residence.B handing ones historical records.C scanning ones correspondences.D going through ones wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern thatA principle

47、s are hard to be clearly expressed.B the court is giving police less room for action.C phones are used to store sensitive information.D citizens privacy is not effective protected.30.Orin Kerrs comparison is quoted to indicate thatthe Constitution should be implemented flexibly.New technology requir

48、es reinterpretation of the Constitution.Californias argument violates principles of the Constitution.Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.T226 答案B check suspects phone contents without being authorized解析：细节题。根据自然段定位原则,定位到首段。根据题干关键词supreme court,whether精确定位到第一段最后一句whether police can

49、 search the contents of a mobile phone.,与选项进行对应,即为B在不授权的情况下检查嫌疑人的电话信息。注意A选项应是search contents。27 答案 C disapproval解析：态度题。根据题干Californias argument定位到第二段最后一句及第三段首句,这些句子中提到hard recklessly modest等负向词,表达的是负面态度。看选项属于负面的就是disapproval。A 容忍,B冷漠是典型错误,D粗心。28 答案A getting into ones residence解析：细节题。题干问：作者认为搜索电话薄就相当

50、于什么？根据段落界定原则定位到第四段转折处,提到But exploring ones smart phone is more like entering his or her home.与选项对应,A中的residence对应home,是原文的同意替换。注意D选项不是作者的观点,不能将文中人物观点当作作者观点。29 答案D citizens privacy is not effective protected解析：细节题。根据题干定位到5段和6段,题干问作者最关注的是什么,即是相应段落的段落中心。因此,该题表面是细节题,实质为段落核心。5段首句为中心句提到,应采取措施保护数据隐私；6段又继续陈

51、述原则的不恰当之处。根据这些内容,对应答案D 市民隐私未能得到有效保护。30 答案 B New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution解析：例证题。题干问的是引用Orin Kerr的目的是什么,即Orin Kerr是论据,其目的是论点。论点往往在论据的前面,所以要找例子前面的一句话,即New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections.与选项对应,就是B new technolog

52、y是原词复现,require等同于demands,reinterpretation of the Constitution同义替换applications of the Constitutions protections。Text 3There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses, wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed

53、to increase its profits. But even if you accept Firedmans premise and regard corporate social responsibility policies as a waste of shareholders money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for

54、 corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $ 15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a signal that a companys products are of hig

55、h quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a companys products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse halo effect, whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble diff

56、erentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under Americas Foreign Corrupt Practices Act . It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a companys products as part of their investigations, th

57、ey could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accoun

58、ted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a companys record in CSR. We estimate that either eliminatin

59、g a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour or increasing corpora giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials, says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how mu

60、ch businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good chara