-ing分词及其短语在句中的作用

1、-ing分词及其短语的用途很广，可以充当各种句子（短语）成分。和助动词be连用，构成谓语动词和不定式动词的进行体和完成进行体形式。例如：Tom is working hard.Philip has been working here for five years.Joey is said to be making much progress.Frank claimed to have been working in the laboratory all the time.做主语。例如：Talking mends, no holes.Beating a childwill do more har

2、m than good.-ing分词短语较长或需要强调时必须后置，用先行代词it作形式主语。例如：Its foolish talking like thatIs it worthwhile spending so much money作表语。例如：His speech is inspiringHis hobby is collecting stampsWhat Im doing is teaching him a lesson作宾语：1）动词宾语。例如：Have you finished writing your boo?Carol acknowledged having been at su

3、ch a meeting作宾语的-ing分词及其短语可以带补语，-ing分词短语较长而宾语补语较短时，可以 用先行代词it作形式宾语。例如：You must find working hereinteresting.You must find it interesting working here with usI think it worthwhile discussing the question again2）形容词宾语。能直接用-ing分词及其短语作宾语的形容词不多，除worth外都是形容词和介词构成的短语形容词。例如：New York is a city worth visiting

4、Dont be afraid of asking for helpIm tired of being treated like a child3）介词宾语。例如：Granny is a little hard of hearingWe must be good at learning from othersThank you for giving us so much help作补语：1）宾语补语。例如：Can you imagine anyone being so sillyWell keep the machine running.I heard somebody singing in t

5、he next room少数动词后作宾语补语的-ing分词及其短语需用介词as引导，即介词短语作状语表示宾语 补语的关系。例如：Amanda regards him as being without principlesHow can you describe him as lacking in experience主语补语。例如：Jessica was found sitting at the foot of the bedDarcy is often heard singing that songCarol was seen working alone in the garden少数动词后

6、作主语补语的-ing分词及其短语需用介词as引导，即用介词短语作状语表示主 语补语的关系。例如：Water can be shown as containing impuritiesJoe is sometimes portrayed as belonging to another world介词宾语补语。例如：Its very warm with the fire burningAny object may be hot without the motion in it being visibleI didnt know about the weather being so awfulin

7、the area.作定语：前置定语，通常是简单的-ing分词，可以起名词的作用表示被修饰名词的用途或与之有 关的动作。例如：a reading lampa sleeping caran opening speechthe freezing point也可以起形容词的作用表示被修饰名词的性状特征。例如：a charming girlan interesting bookan inspiring speechthe exciting news也可以起动词的作用表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作。例如：boiling watermelting snowthe rising sunfading flower

8、s也可以起动词的作用表示被修饰名词的属性或能力。例如：a flying boata singing birdlaboring peoplethe working class用作前置定语的-ing分词不能带宾语、表语或状语，而必须用构词成分表示，即和名词、形容词或副词构成复合词作前置定语。例如：an epoch-makingeventhigh-soundingwords 冠冕堂皇的话the rapidly changingworld后置定语，通常是-ing分词短语，表示被修饰名词及其短语的动作，相当于一个定语从 句。例如：Student arriving latewill not be perm

9、itted to enter the lecture hall.A person having had dealings with hirmill never forget him.简单-ing分词通常前置，但表示动作时必须后置。例如：The man speaking (=who is speaking) is the chairman.There were no soldiers drilling (=who were drilling).少数-ing分词在某些习惯用法中必须后置。例如：Thats the best car goingWe traveled for four days run

10、ning作同位语，补充说明名词，通常用标点符号分开。例如：Tim has only one hobby, collecting stampsHis current research, investigating attitude*。racial stereotypesakes up most of his time.He has devoted his life to one cause： fighting against all political and social injustices作状语，通常是-ing分词短语，修饰动词或整个句子，可以表示多种意义：1）时间，可以用连词after，

11、 before， since， when， while等引导。例如：Coming here I met an old friend.Robin wrote his greatest novel while working on a freighterHes been different since coming back from America2）原因。例如：Being so excited he did not know what to say.Not knowing what to do telephoned the police.Seeing nobody in the office had to come back.3）方式，可以用连词as if/as though引导。例如：He ran up to me breathing heavilyBraving winds and snowthey headed for the summit.From time to time Jason turned round as if searching for someone4）伴随状况