六级阅读技巧课件

1、六级阅读技巧六级阅读技巧大学英语六级考试（CET 6）阅读由5%的选词填空，10%的长篇阅读和20%的深度阅读构成，而深度阅读是考试重心之一，包括两篇文章，做题时间为20分钟左右，最多不能超过25分钟，否则会影响其它题型解答的时间。大学英语六级考试（CET 6）阅读由5%的选词填空总分 710分 过线分 425 听力 35% 阅读 35% 作文 15% 翻译 15%算分标准选词填空 3.6分/题长篇阅读7.1分/题仔细阅读14.2分/题分值比例总分 710分 分值比例六级阅读技巧课件六级阅读技巧课件六级阅读技巧课件3.以连字符连接的特殊词汇。如：university-based，one-chi

2、ld。这些词是由两个(或三个)单词连接的新词，一般当成形容词使用。三个单词的例子如：hard-to-grasp难以理解的。这些词也属于低频词，一般不会大篇幅出现。需要注意的是有时候我们需要将这些词拆开来定位，如one-child在原文中是没有的，原文是这样的“They often compromise by having just one child. ”这里的one child就不是整体作为形容词使用了。4.研究、报告、书籍型词汇，如：report，study，books等。一般来说研究、报告等内容都是易考点，这些信息经常出现在特定的段落里，所以根据这些词汇作为关键词也很容易定位。3.以连字

3、符连接的特殊词汇。如：university-ba5.最高级，如best，worst，most等。如六级第54题，关键词之一为the best solution。然而仅凭此关键词我们可能无法迅速地找到答案，因为原文的表述是the most effective method，用的词汇是完全不一样的。这时，我们还需要增加一个关键词pension，帮助我们定位。这就提醒我们在平常的阅读中应多关注最高级出现的地方，因为它常常是考点。6. 除了以上所列的承载主要信息的名词，形容词等。如：funding，unsteady , values，employers，older workers，reforms，sh

4、ortage，war，immigration，rich countries等。这些词的判断需要大家多加练习与体会。5.最高级，如best，worst，most等。如六级第5深度阅读考生在面对六级阅读词汇量大、句子结构复杂、题材多样化这样的难题时，如何能准确解答，关键在于两点：一是如何在阅读过程中准确在文中标记出需要查找的内容的具体位置；二是如何在阅读完题干之后能迅速在文中根据记忆或者阅读时的标注找出相关内容。如果第一方面做的很好能大大减少第二步所花的时间。深度阅读深度阅读以议论性的文章为主，文章脉络清晰、整体框架明确。而且，议论性的文章并不一定要100%全部读懂，没有必要把每一句话的意思都弄清

5、楚，把每一个细节都掌握。4-5个问题不可能覆盖文章中每一个细节、每一句话。解题过程中，只要找到答案，因此六级阅读的解题过程中，通常采用的解题方法是 深度阅读以议论性的文章为主，文章脉络清晰、（1）浏览题目，推测全文主题阅读理解的五道题目之间通常都会有隐含的逻辑联系，所以通过第一遍的初步浏览，有助于把握文章所谈论的主题，作出简单设想和推测。如（1）浏览题目，推测全文主题 1. The phrase “emanate from” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “_”.2. Which of the following is mentioned as one

6、of the causes of bad breath？3. According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because_.4. Mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad br-eath mainly because_.5. We can infer from this passage that_. 第1、5题分别为猜词题和推论题，没有提供任何信息。不过第2、3、4题都提到了bad breath (难闻的口气，口臭)，因此文章谈论的主题

7、就非常清晰，对于后面的理解和解题会有帮助。 1. The phrase “emanate from” （2）判断题型，确定题干关键词六级的深度阅读主要考查主旨题、细节题、猜词题、推论题和态度题等五种题型，重点考查细节题。细节题的关键词主要有三类（1）显性关键词：大写、数字、连字符单词、序数词等；（2）实意动词；（3）核心名词和生词。这一步对于接下来的浏览文章圈定关键词至关重要。 （2）判断题型，确定题干关键词 （3）跳读文章，寻找关键词浏览文章切忌试图弄懂文中的每一个单词。如果逐句翻译会影响做题的速度，而且会忽略各题区域的寻找。跳读的目的是要整体把握一下文章脉络，找到每道题目中的关键词，从而可

8、以确定每道题目答案的所在位置。答案在文中一般情况都是依次而下顺序出现。 （3）跳读文章，寻找关键词（4）理解区域，排除干扰项根据第三步寻找的区域，进行深度的翻译和理解，比较选项与文章的信息，注意选项的同义改写、主动被动转换，同时要当心偷换概念、以偏概全等陷阱，依据选项一般不过于绝对（如出现never, only, all）等原理，排除干扰项，最终确定答案。 （4）理解区域，排除干扰项题型分析：主旨大意题事实细节题推理判断题语义理解题观点态度题题型分析：1. 主旨大意题位置：文章首尾处 段首或段尾 隐含在段中 全文的篇章1. 主旨大意题2. 事实细节题时间、地点、人物、事件、数据、原因等查读法：

9、题干中的关键词或关键信息定位答案表述“原意替换”，需阅读涉及答案内容的关键词句以及相邻的上下文。2. 事实细节题3.推理判断题全文推理还是段落推理还是信息点推理？区分事实性表述和观点性表述。段落的篇章结构，总分还是分总？上下文的逻辑是转折、让步还是递进？全文的篇章结构 错误选项的特征： 出现绝对词：all / never / only / exclusively / uniquely /solely / absolutely / always / too 出现文中没有体现的比较级和最高级违背常理3.推理判断题4.语义理解题考察猜词能力前缀+词根+后缀上下文的线索：通常会出现解释性的语言，如同位

10、语、定语从句、分词短语、介词结构或者跟有例子帮助理解。4.语义理解题5.观点态度题作者叙述或发表议论时的语气和态度：段落态度、话题态度、篇章态度关键词：积极 positive / active / supportive approving / optimistic / pleasant/enthusiastic / favorable /concerned / sympathetic否定 negative / doubtful / suspicious / critical /pessimistic / scornful / disappointed / ironic中立 neutral /

11、impersonal必错 indifferent / depressed/ biased / unclear / vague 5.观点态度题可略读的部分：1）繁琐的例证2）并列的多项列举3）无关大局的生僻词4）人名、地名可略读的部分：注意事项：1）切忌误选相反答案：not，except，least2）不能完全依靠常识3）明确指代关系4）理清逻辑关系：衔接词、过度句和过渡段注意事项：六级深度阅读中的蒙题技巧 六级深度阅读中的蒙题技巧 一、答案中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。 这些语气词有： must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to,

12、any, no, very completely, none, hardly等。二、选项中有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。 这些语气词有： can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多数)，moreorless, relati-vely, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。 一、答案中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。三、选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义替换的一般是选项这个是出题者为了迷惑考生的常用出题策略，所以大家做阅读题的时候一定要倍加小心。四、选项中表

13、达意义较具体的、肤浅的（字面意思）一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。 对了，比较具体的、肤浅的选项都是比较容易判断出来的，如果在原文中有很容易就看出来的选项这时候就要考虑是不是陷阱了！ 三、选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义五、选项中较符合常识的,易明白的一般不是选项；而似乎不太合理，一时较难理解的往往是正确选项。六、事实细节题的出题处往往在文中的列举处，即：first，second，in addition，furthermore， moreover等处；还有举例的地方如：such as，for instnce等。4）每段的第一句话或者最后一句话很重要。以上技巧仅为在

14、通过正常阅读不能确切确定答案或者时间不允许的条件下使用。注意分情况使用，不能滥用！五、选项中较符合常识的,易明白的一般不是选项例题展示1As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting generally produces the best results. Thats partially because it appears people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and exert more effort, to ac

15、hieve those goals.Whats far less understood by scientists, however, are the potentially harmful effects of goal-setting. 52. What message does the author try to convey about goal-setting?A) Its negative effects have long been neglected.B) The goal increase peoples work efficiency.C) Its role has bee

16、n largely underestimated.D) The goals most people set are unrealistic.例题展示1As anyone who has tried t“Goals are widely used and promoted as having really beneficial effects. And yet, the same motivation that can push people to exert more effort in a constructive way could also motivate people to be m

17、ore likely to engage in unethical behaviors,” says Maurice Schweitzer, an associate professor at Penns Wharton School.“It turns out theres no economic benefit to just having a goal-you just get a psychological benefit” Schweitzer says. “But in many cases, goals have economic rewards that make them m

18、ore powerful.”A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues cite is the 2004 collapse of energy-trading giant Enron, where managers used financial incentives to motivate salesmen to meet specific revenue goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is the actual trades were not profitable.53. What does Maur

19、ice Schweitzer want to show by citing the example of Enron?A) Setting realistic goals can turn a failing business into success.B) Businesses are less likely to succeed without setting realistic goals.C) Financial incentives ensure companies meet specific revenue goals.D) Goals with financial rewards

20、 have strong motivational power.“Goals are widely used and proOther studies have shown that saddling employees with unrealistic goals can compel them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears imposed a sales quota on its auto repair staff. It prompted employees to overc

21、harge for work and to complete unnecessary repairs on a companywide basis.54. How did Sears goal-setting affect its employees?A) They were obliged to work more hours to increase their sales.B) They competed with one another to attract more customers.C) They resorted to unethical practice to meet the

22、ir sales quota.D) They improved their customer service on a companywide basis.Other studies have shown that Schweitzer concedes his research runs counter to a very large body of literature that commends the many benefits of goal-setting. Advocates of the practice have taken issue with his teams use

23、of such evidence as news accounts to support his conclusion that goal-setting is widely over-prescribe.55. What do advocates of goal-setting think of Schweitzers research?A) Its findings are not of much practical value.B) It exaggerates the side effects of goal-setting.C) Its conclusion is not based

24、 on solid scientific evidence.D) It runs counter to the existing literature on the subject.Schweitzer concedes his researIn a rebuttal (反驳) paper, Dr. Edwin Locke writes:“Goal-setting is not going away. Organizations cannot thrive without being focused on their desired end results any more than an i

25、ndividual can thrive without goals to provide a sense of purpose.”But Schweitzer contends the “mounting causal evidence” linking goal-setting and harmful behavior should be studied to help spotlight issues that merit caution and further investigation. “Even a few negative effects could be so large t

26、hat they outweigh many positive effects,” he says.56. What is Schweitzers contention against Edwin Locke?A) The link between goal-setting and harmful behavior deserves further study.B) Goal-setting has become too deep-rooted in corporate culture.C) The positive effects of goal-setting outweigh its n

27、egative effects.D) Studying goal-setting can throw more light on successful business practices.In a rebuttal (反驳) paper, Dr. 例题展示2Just a few decades ago, Asias two giants were stagnating(停滞不前) under faulty economic ideologies. However, once China began embracing free-market reforms in the 1980s, fol

28、lowed by India in the 1990s, both countries achieved rapid growth. Crucially, as they opened up their markets, they balanced market economy with sensible government direction. As the Indian economist Amartya Sen has wisely said, “The invisible hand of the market has often relied heavily on the visib

29、le hand of government.”57. What has contributed to the rapid economic growth in China and India?A) Copying western-style economic behavior.B) Heavy reliance on the hand of government.C) Timely reform of government at all levels.D) Free market plus government intervention.例题展示2Just a few decades ago,

30、 AContrast this middle path with America and Europe, which have each gone ideologically over-board in their own ways. Since the 1980s, America has been increasingly clinging to the ideology of uncontrolled free markets and dismissing the role of government-following Ronald Regans idea that “governme

31、nt is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem. “Of course, when the markets came crashing down in 2007, it was decisive government intervention that saved the day. Despite this fact, many Americans are still strongly opposed to “big government.”58. What does Ronald Reagan mean by

32、saying “government is the problem” (line4, Para. 3)?A) Many social evils are caused by wrong government policies.B) Many social problems arise from governments inefficiency.C) Government action is key to solving economic problems.D) Government regulation hinders economic development.Contrast this mi

33、ddle path withContrast this middle path with America and Europe, which have each gone ideologically over-board in their own ways. Since the 1980s, America has been increasingly clinging to the ideology of uncontrolled free markets and dismissing the role of government-following Ronald Regans idea th

34、at “government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem. “Of course, when the markets came crashing down in 2007, it was decisive government intervention that saved the day. Despite this fact, many Americans are still strongly opposed to “big government.”59. What stopped the Ame

35、rican economy from collapsing in 2007?A) Self-regulatory repair mechanisms of the free market.B) Cooperation between the government and businesses.C) Abandonment of big government by the public.D) Effective measures adopted by the government.Contrast this middle path withIf Americans could only free

36、 themselves from their antigovernment doctrine, they would begin to see that the Americas problems are not insoluble. A few sensible federal measures could put the country back on the right path. A simple consumption tax of, say, 5% would significantly reduce the countrys huge government deficit wit

37、hout damaging productivity. A small gasoline tax would help free America from its dependence on oil imports and create incentives for green energy development. In the same way, a significant reduction of wasteful agricultural subsidies could also lower the deficit. But in order to take advantage of

38、these common-sense solutions, Americans will have to put aside their own attachment to the idea of smaller government and less regulation. American politicians will have to develop the courage to follow what is taught in all American public-policy schools: that there are good taxes and bad taxes. As

39、ian countries have embraced this wisdom, and have built sound long-term fiscal (财政的) policies as a result.If Americans could only free t60. What is the authors suggestion to the American public in face of the public government deficit?A) They urge the government to revise its existing public policie

40、s.B) They develop green energy to avoid dependence on oil import.C) They give up the idea of smaller government and less regulation.D) They put up with the inevitable sharp increase of different taxes.60. What is the authors sugge选词填空一、命题形式选词填空的命题形式近似于完形填空，即在一篇文章中共留出10个空，要求考生从所提供的15个单词中选出10个填入空中。10个

41、空缺的设计遵循以下原则：首句不设空，一句之中不设两空。二、选项特点十个空格考查的全部为实词：其中12个副词，24个名词，23个动词和24个形容词，每个正确选项都有干扰项，要么是相同词性选项之间的相互干扰，要么是多余选项对正确选项的干扰。选项中动词时态与文章时态一致。选词填空一、命题形式选词填空的命题形式近似于完形填空，即在三. 解题流程1.浏览全文和选项这一步的作用是让考生了解文章的大致内容和选项，初步做到心中有数。主要关注文章中涉及了哪方面的内容，出现了哪些具体事例，其中反复出现的词是帮助我们掌握文章大致内容的重要线索。用2-3分钟的时间浏览上文，我们即可抓住本文的主旨大意：文章围绕阅读能力

42、这个话题进行论述，并指出喜欢深度阅读的读者在读书的过程中会进入一种心醉神迷的状态，从而与文章的作者可以产生一种很亲密的关系，紧接着又介绍了carnalreading与spiritualreading的不同之处，最后作者对如今年轻人对电子产品的依赖做出含蓄的批评与指正。三. 解题流程1.浏览全文和选项这一步的作用是让考生 2.确定空白处词性通读完全文及各个选项后，我们可以很容易判断出各个空白处的词性，例如第36题，空格处位于mustbepainstakingly之后，且后面跟着一个由by（被，由）连接的介词短语，由此可知此空应填入一个动词的被动语态，即动词的过去分词形式。3.仔细阅读空白前后内容

43、，逐一答题正常情况下，经过上面的几个步骤，我们就可得出大部分答案，此时文中因空格而缺失的信息也大部分都补充完整了。因此，最后一遍阅读若发现不准确的地方，修改后就完成了该种题型的解答任务。 2.确定空白处词性通读完全文及各个选项后，我们可以四、备考策略通过分析解题流程，我们可以总结出下面几点复习备考策略：1.掌握正确的单词记忆方法学习单词一定要弄清楚其具体含义和使用语境，不能只记忆其汉语意思。记忆词汇的正确方法是在语境中记忆单词，通过阅读文章来记单词应是最佳方法，使用这类书籍记单词的时候，请注意观察需记忆的单词在不同语境下的具体含义以及能否用其他的词来替换该词。如果通过词汇书来记忆单词，那么该书

44、至少应该有英文例句，我们在记单词的同时还应该学习某一单词的常用搭配。四、备考策略2.复习巩固基本语法大家在中学阶段已掌握了基本的英语语法知识，但是在实际应用时不一定能够运用自如。遇到这种情况，大家就需要找一本内容全面的语法书，把有关的内容，特别是有关句子结构的内容好好地复习巩固一下。 3.做适量的练习，熟能生巧在复习备考的过程中，无论使用什么方法和技巧，都需要大家亲自去实践和运用，因为只有实践才能出真知。只有经过一定量的练习，考生才能对这种题型有一定的认识，才能真正找到感觉。我们对这一题型的难度判断是：它没有完形填空难度大。因此，只要练习量达到30篇左右，对这一题型就能有一个较好的掌握。2.复

45、习巩固基本语法大家在中学阶段已掌握了基本的英语语法六级阅读技巧课件心脏瓣膜病心脏瓣膜病定义 指由于炎症、粘液样变性、退行性改变、先天性畸形、缺血性坏死、创伤等原因引起的单个或多个瓣膜结构（包括瓣叶、瓣环、腱索或乳头肌）的功能或结构异常，导致瓣口狭窄及/或关闭不全。定义 指由于炎症、粘液样变性、退行性改变相关问题：1常见瓣膜病变种类： 风湿性心脏瓣膜炎及瓣膜病 老年性退行性心瓣膜病 缺血性心脏病引起的急性瓣膜损害 先天性： 二叶式主动脉瓣 二尖瓣、主动脉瓣脱垂 二、三尖瓣裂缺等 已有瓣膜病基础上发生感染性心内膜炎的再损伤相关问题：1常见瓣膜病变种类： 风湿性心脏瓣膜3心脏杂音复习： 主要瓣膜杂音

46、及其相关问题 出现时期 开关瓣 杂音性质 心音强弱 震颤 累及腔室二狭 舒张期 开 隆隆样 S1增强 有 左房及后二闭 收缩期 关 吹风样 S1减弱 无 左室及后主狭 收缩期 开 喷射样 S2增强 无 左室及后主闭 舒张期 关 叹气样 S2减弱 有 左室及后3心脏杂音复习： 主要瓣膜杂音及其上图表要点： 首先明确各瓣膜在收缩及舒张期 时是“开”还是“关”瓣； 明确各瓣膜的听诊位置； “关闭不全”只有在关瓣时才表现，“狭窄”在开瓣时体现； 关闭不全致心音减弱，狭窄致心音增强。上图表要点： 首先明确各瓣膜在收缩及舒张期 时是“二尖瓣狭窄二尖瓣狭窄一般概念 常见病因： 风心病为最常见原因 2/3为女

47、性 风湿热2年及以上发生 基本病变：瓣膜粘连及孪缩，可累及腱索而并关闭不全一般概念 常见病因： 风心病为最常见 狭窄与分度： 正常二尖瓣瓣口面积 4-6cm2 轻度狭窄： 瓣口面积 1.5-2.0cm2 中度狭窄： 瓣口面积 1.01.5cm2 重度狭窄： 瓣口面积 1.0cm2 狭窄与分度： 正常二尖瓣瓣口面积 4-6cm2 分型 1隔膜型： 2漏斗型：分型 1隔膜型： 2漏 1隔膜型： 只累及瓣膜，并无明显孪缩 瓣膜弹性好，少有关闭不全 左心室不扩大 S1亢进，伴开瓣音 首选二尖瓣球囊成型术 （球囊扩张术） 1隔膜型： 只累及瓣膜，并无明显孪缩 2漏斗型： 累及瓣膜、检索、乳头肌等 瓣膜弹

48、性差，一般均伴关闭不全 S1减弱 二尖瓣置换术 2漏斗型： 累及瓣膜、检索、乳头肌等 病理生理1左房代偿期： 为早期，轻度狭窄 跨瓣压差 20mmHg，左房平均压 20mmHg， 左房平均压 25mmHg 明显左房压升高、肺淤血、 肺动脉高压 有明显临床表现：病理生理2左房失代偿期（左房衰竭期）： 中临床表现发生机制： 肺淤血、肺水肿类似急慢性左心衰竭左房衰竭 肺动脉高压、右室肥厚右心衰竭 升高的左房压后向性传递二狭肺动脉高压 肺小动脉反应性收缩产生的主要原因 肺血管床器质性闭塞性改变 反复肺部感染及过劳临床表现发生机制： 肺淤血临床表现 1症状： 呼吸困难： 类似急慢性左心力衰竭 咯血：渗出

49、血痰； 血管破裂大咯血； 肺水肿粉红色泡沫痰 咳嗽： 声嘶： 扩大的左房和肺动脉压迫左喉返神经临床表现 1症状： 呼吸困难： 临床表现 2体征： 二尖瓣面容 特征性杂音 肺动脉高压表现 肺动脉扩张的叹气样舒张早期杂音 Graham Steell杂音 S1亢进及开瓣音 临床表现 2体征： 二尖瓣面容 检查 X线胸片：左房大、肺淤血征象 ECG：二尖瓣型P波 心脏超声：确诊手段。 M型：“城垛样”改变、前后瓣“同向运动” 切面：直观 心导管：测压腔室压、 跨瓣压、 肺毛细血管嵌入压检查 X线胸片：左房大、肺淤血征象 ECG：诊断 特征性杂音 相关临床表现 心脏超声确诊诊断 特征性杂音 相关临床表并发症 心房颤动 急性肺水肿 血栓栓塞 感染性心内膜炎 右心力衰竭 肺部感染并发症 心房颤动 急性肺水肿治疗 1一般治疗 2并发症处理 3临床次根治及根治术 次根治： 内科介入： 经皮球囊二尖瓣成型术 为首选 外科二尖瓣分离术： 直视、闭视分离术 根治： 瓣膜置换术治疗 1一般治疗 2并发症处理 3临床二尖瓣关闭不全二尖瓣关闭不全一般概念 多病因 包括器质性及相对性关闭不全 根据其急慢性常见原因为： 慢性 急性 一般概念 多病因 包括器质性及慢性二尖瓣关闭不全常见病因： 风心病