2022-2023学年北京市西城14中高考英语四模试卷含解析

1、2022-2023学年高考英语模拟试卷注意事项:1答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。2答题时请按要求用笔。3请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。5保持卡面清洁，不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1If we_ a table in advance, we wouldnt be standing here in the long queue.Areserv

2、eBreservedChave reservedDhad reserved2By doing so, you can _ more information and details about the topic, and better understand it.Akeep up withBdo away withChave access toDget down to3Going out is _good means of relaxation. Would you like to go to_ park with me in the afternoon?Athe ;theBthe; aCa;

3、 theD/；a4Hi, Tom, have you checked the account yet?Certainly, I _ it five times even though you told me to do it twice.Achecked Bwill have checkedChave been checking Dhad checked5Our country has launched a campaign to ban smoking in public places, which with some heavy smokers.Aconcerns Bwas concern

4、edCconcerned Dis concerned6Speaking a foreign language allows you to _ time in a negotiation, for you can act like you have not understood to come up with your answer.AsaveBaffordCbuyDspend7To make a breakthrough in his scientific research, the scientist has been making a(n) _amount of effort.Amodes

5、t BmiserableCoptional Dtremendous8Jack has been out of consciousness since the accident.Will he come to himself，doctor?Its going to be tough but we anticipate that he will .Aput through Bpull throughCput over Dpull over9With the development of agriculture, the people_ village I taught arenow living

6、a happy life.Ain whoseBwhoseCin whichDwhich10Do you know when your mother _ to pick you up?At 11：40 am.Ahad come Bis comingChas come Dwould come11I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise, I _ you waiting for such a long time.Ahad not keptBwill not keepCwould not have keptDhave not k

7、ept12The worse working conditions we are looking forward to _ must have attracted the local governments attention.Asee improvedBseeing improvedCsee improvingDseeing to improve13With no one them，the two thieves stole into the house Awatch Bwatching Cwatches Dwatched14This is the first time I _ my pic

8、ture with my own hands.It is time that you _ a picture for me.Ahave taken; tookBtook; should takeCtook; will takeDwill take; have taken15The climate conference was attended by 11,000 people, it the largest UN gathering ever held.AmakingBto makeCmadeDto be making16- Could we accomplish the task accor

9、ding to the schedule? - I doubt that. The problem remains _ we can get financial aid within this week. Athat Bhow Cwhy Dwhen 1740 grams of meat per day is _ people should consume in order to stay fit.Athat BwhyChow Dwhat18You can ask anyone for help. _ here is willing to lend you a hand.AEveryoneBNo

10、 oneCOneDSomeone19The solution to a problem， we are told， often comes to thinkers in a flash of _AinspirationBinsightCinvitationDinnovation20Teaching as a career is to many people owing to the long holidays.ApopularBfamiliarCattractiveDfantastic第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分）

11、 Both honeybees and ants are social insects that live in groups called colonies. They survive by means of their collective intelligence. Their decision-making power is distributed throughout the group; that is, no one ant or bee makes decisions for the group. Instead, they work together. As Deborah

12、M. Gordon, a biologist at Stanford University, says, Ants arent smart. Ant colonies are.The same is true for bee colonies. Although bees and ants are quite different physically, they have a lot in common in terms of their social behavior. Specifically, honeybees and ants have similar roles within th

13、e colony, both have communication systems, and both have the capacity for learning.Ants communicate by using chemicals called pheromones, which can alert others to danger or to a food source. For example, when worker ants find a promising source, they let the rest of the colony know how to find it b

14、y leaving a trail of pheromones on the way back to the colony. The other ants pick up the message using their sense of smell. Bees, on the other hand, use movement to communicate with each other. Worker bees send messages to each other by means of a dance. Different speeds and movements send differe

15、nt messages. For example, when worker bees called scouts go out to find a new home for the colony, they return and do a dance for the other worker bees that indicates the location of the new home and how suitable it is. The faster the scouts dance, the better the new location is.Honeybees and ants a

16、re both capable of learning. One Chinese study found that bees can be trained to learn and remember a route to a food source. The researchers also found that bees can be taught to recognize hidden objects and use the concepts of sameness and difference to accomplish certain tasks. Ants take this one

17、 step further. Recent American research has shown that ants not only have the ability to learn, but also can teach their foraging skills to other younger ants.They observed that older ants accompany young ants in search of food and teach them the route and how to avoid obstacles.As we can see, the s

18、ocial behavior of honeybees and ants is quite similar. Both coordinate complex actions and accomplish crucial survival tasks by cooperating in groups consisting of many individuals. Unintelligent as they may be as individuals, as groups they often show amazing brilliance as they go about their every

19、day activities.1、What do ants and bees have in common?AThey live in similar-sized colonies.BThey make use of collective intelligence.CThey have small leadership groups that make all decisions.DThey use the same methods to communicate with each other.2、What does the speed of a bees dance indicate?ATh

20、e quality of a new colony location.BThe distance to a neighboring colony.CThe discovery of a new food source.DThe direction to a potential food source.3、In paragraph 3, how does the author demonstrate the idea that Honeybees and ants are both capable of learning ?ABy using statistics.BBy explaining

21、reasons.CBy referencing opinions.DBy presenting study findings.4、What is the benefit of collective intelligence?AIt allows the colony to reproduce more rapidly.BIt improves work cooperation within the colony.CIt reduces the division of labour among members.DIt enables individuals to teach each other

22、 new skills.22（8分）Fitness bands like the Apple Watch and the Fitbit aim to track something like heart rate.But early models werent all that accurate. We thought of them a little bit like random number generators(生成器). They really didnt seem to be providing anything that bore any relationship to hear

23、t rate.Euan Ashley, a cardiologist(心脏病专家), studies wearables at Stanford University. He and his colleagues have now tested seven newer fitness bands, from brands like Apple, Fitbit and others and he says those heart rate statistics have gotten much better. Yeah we were pleasantly surprised actually

24、by how good the accuracy of the heart rate monitoring was.For most of the devices, the error rate was less than 5%, which is good enough for your doctor. But where all the devices failed to measure up was estimating calories burned. Even the most accurate devices were off by 30%, compared to lab mea

25、surements of energy consumption. One device was off by more than 90%.If you think about going to the gym and working out for an hour and maybe thats around 400 calories, then in reality that could be anything from 200 to 800. And thats a big difference if youre thinking about somebody whos incorpora

26、ting those estimates into their lifestyle and particular thinking about what to eat that evening based on the workout they did that afternoon.The results are in the Journal of Personalized Medicine. The reason for the discrepancy, Ashley says, could be that we all burn energy at different rates and

27、thats hard to calculate from simple input statistics like weight and height.Some people are incredibly efficient and look incredibly elegant when they run. And others really clearly look like theyre burning a lot more calories to cover the same amount of ground. So if you own a wearable, its probabl

28、y safe to trust the heart data. But what it cant tell you is whether your time on the treadmill(跑步机) really justifies that chocolate bar.1、What does Euan Ashley say about the newer models of wearables?AThey were all useless BThey were hardly effectiveCThey were too expensive DThey were mostly accura

29、te2、What can we learn from Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5?AFor measuring heart rates, most fitness bands are not reliableBFor measuring calories in exercise, most fitness bands are not reliableCWe can base our lifestyle and diet on advice from doctorsDWe can base our lifestyle and diet on data from wea

30、rables3、What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo remind readers to use fitness bands wiselyBTo promote the sale of popular wearablesCTo discuss the advantages of some popular wearablesDTo introduce some famous-brand fitness bands23（8分）Skeptics are a strange lot. Some of them refuse to adm

31、it the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The “eco-guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skept

32、ics as people search for more comforting worldviews.Perhaps that explain why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets some big

33、 businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborgs views are similar to those of some Industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities though the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborgs book go largely unchallenged in the med

34、ia though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”Such one-sided views should have immediatel

35、y been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborgs “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的)”。A critical (批判的) eye is valuable, and the media should present information in suc

36、h a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. Thats a shame, because matters concerning

37、 the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.1、 According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”?APeople who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”.BPeople who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.CPeople who dislike the harmful effect

38、 of human activities.DPeople who spread comforting news to protect our environment.2、Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborgs books?ASome big businesses intend to protect their own interests. B The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.CThe author convi

39、nces people to seek comforting worldviews.DIndustryfunded media present confusing information.3、The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to_.Avoice a different opinionBfind fault with Lomborgs book Cchallenge the authority of the mediaDpoint out the value of scientific views.4、What is the

40、authors main purpose in writing the passage?ATo encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.BTo warn the public of the danger of halfblindness with reviews.CTo blame the medias lack of responsibility in presenting information.DTo show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.2

41、4（8分）Welcome to Summer Fun 4 Kidsthe UK directory of Summer Camps and Courses. The long summer holidays are increasingly recognized as a great opportunity for young people to take part in organized activities, playschemes（儿童游戏活动计划）or day camps either within their local area on a daily basis or livin

42、g away from home at an American-style residential Summer Camp. This directory aims to provide a summary of available opportunities throughout the UK as well as background information and useful links.Day CampsDay Camps usually run from Mondays to Fridays offer a varied programme of sports, adventure

43、 or creative activities throughout each day. Arrival and departure times vary but usually involve a starting time between 9:00 10 : 00 a. m. and a collection time between 4: 005:00 p. m. Day Camps are provided for young people living within the immediate catchment area of the venue（会场服务区）, but some

44、offer a supervised transport service from a wider catchment area. Age groups from 3 years and above.Holiday PlayschemesPlayschemes are usually run by voluntary organizations or local authorities. Playschemes may be restricted to specific activities（Sports or Arts & Crafts）or involve a range of diffe

45、rent activities. Some playschemes may involve offsite trips. Playschemes are provided mostly for young people living within the immediate catchment area of the venue. Age groups from 3 years and above.Sports/Activity CoursesSpecialist courses in single activities or sports. These courses usually tak

46、e 2 or 3 hours per day, lasting anything from a single day to a progressive course over 4 or 5 consecutive（连续的）days. Sports courses are usually led by qualified instructors or coaches and national governing body awards may be achieved, subject to the length of course. Sports courses are often organi

47、zed by local authority sports centres or specialist centers（Riding Schools, Watersports Centers, etc）. Age groups from 7 years and above.Multi-ActivityProgrammes or courses involving a combination of activities rather than a specialist course. Typically multi-activity programmes involve between 46 a

48、ctivity sessions per day, with each activity session lasting between 11. 5 hours. This type of course usually focuses on “taster” or introductory sessions in a range of activities such as sports, adventure, creative and performing arts activities. Age groups from 3 years and above.1、The aim of Summe

49、r Fun 4 Kids is .Ato organize playschemes or camps for kidsBto gather information and useful linksCto provide a list of available opportunitiesDto make enough money through some activities2、If you choose Day Camps for your kid, .Ahe/she will spend seven days a week thereBhe/she may take a risk of lo

50、sing lifeChe/she will stay there at least 6 hours a dayDhe/she will have to grow up as a teenager3、A kid entering for Sports courses .Awill have some offsite trips with coachesBmay be admitted to a key university in the futureCwill turn into a qualified instructorDshould be at least 7 or above25（10分

51、）Half an hour into a cooking competition at Green Street Academy, Tyana Givens, 15, dipped a plastic spoon into a pot with tomatoes, bell peppers, onions, garlic and mushrooms over a burner in a science classroom. She and the two other students, Kalimah Ball and Maya Smith, were making meat sauce.Th

52、e girls had spent the past five weeks learning how to grow their own produce using food computers-tabletop greenhouses controlled by computer programs-at Green Street Academy, a charter school in Baltimore. The course, which weaved together lessons on programming, food systems and agriculture, ended

53、 with an “Iron Chef”-style cooking contest.With the help of instructor Melanie Shimano, the girls finished their contest successfully using the food they planted in tabletop greenhouses. The tabletop greenhouses can control temperature, light and water inside using the computer code that the student

54、s wrote by themselves. Shimano, a 26-year-old entrepreneur, piloted(试行)the course as part of Green Street Academys junior biotechnology class in the spring and will expand the program to other schools in the fall.“Technology is not something that a lot of teachers have a lot of resources for all the

55、 time, but its something thats not difficult to do with a relatively low amount of funding,” Shimano said. “Baltimore is a center for startups and food, so kind of fostering that culture of being into technology and into design and seeing all the pieces fit together is really cool.”While her course

56、is unique to Baltimore, its part of a broader program born at the Massachusetts Institute of Technologys Media Lab called the Open Agriculture Initiative, or OpenAg, which aims to create inventive, sustainable food systems through open-source technology. In addition to 10 full-time staff and researc

57、hers, OpenAg is primarily an online community of about 1,400 educators, growers, chefs and retailers in 47 countries, according to Hildreth England, OpenAgs assistant director.“The interest level across the board generally comes from folks who are concerned about food systems and concerned about the

58、 environment, and its usually a combination of the two,” England said.1、Whats special about the course taken by Tyana Givens?AIts a cooking courseBIt involves several subjectsCIt is intended for a contestDIt is controlled by tabletop greenhouses.2、Why did the students have to write computer codes to

59、 grow food?ATo win a cooking contestBTo finish homeworkCTo create a greenhouseDTo control the growing conditions3、Whats Shimanos opinion about technology education?AIt calls of teachers with many resourcesBIt calls for a lot of moneyCIt is supposed to combine skills togetherDIt can only be carried o

60、ut in big cities.4、What can be learned about the Open Agriculture Initiative?AIt is participated by full-time. M. I. T researchers as well as people from different walk of lifeBIt will help create a better education systemCIt only covers the USADIt focuses on food and catering industry.第三部分 语言知识运用（共