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1、给水排水专业英语Lesson 1specific yield sp ?sifik ji:ld 单位产水量mass curve 累积曲线capital investment 投资recurring natural event n?t? r?l 重现历史事件subterranean s ?bt?reini ?n 地下的groundwater 地下水surface water 地表水n.沼泽地;沼泽地带tap t?p 开关、龙头;在 上开空(导出液体)n.沼泽地;沼泽地带swampland sw ?mpl?ndcapillary k ?pil ?ri n.毛细管 adj.毛状的,毛细管的hygro-
2、词头湿(气),液体 hygroscopic ,haigr ?usk ?pik adj.易湿的,吸湿的 hygroscopic moisture 吸湿水stratum streit ?m n.地质学地层,生物学(组织的)层aquifer ?kw? f? ?kwif? n.含水层,地下蓄水层saturation ,s?t? rei?i n.饱和(状态),浸润,浸透,饱和度hydrostatic ,haidr ?ust?tik adj.静水力学的,流体静力学的hydrostatic pressure静水压力water table 1.地下水位,地下水面,潜水面2.【建筑学】泻水台;承雨线脚;飞檐;马
3、路边沟亦作water-tablePhreatic surface fri(:)?tik 地下水(静止)水位,浅层地下水面Superficial sju:p ?fi? adj.表面的,表观的,浅薄的Porosity p ?:r?siti n.多孔性,有孔性,孔隙率Unconfined ?nk?nfaind adj. 无约束的,无限制的Permeability ,p ?:mi?biliti n.弥漫,渗透,渗透性Permeameter p ?:mi?mit? n.渗透仪,渗透性试验仪)Clay klei n. 粘土,泥土gravel g r?v?l n.总称砾,沙砾,小石;砾石cone of de
4、pressionk?un下降漏斗,水文学下降锥体drawdown dr ?:daun n.水位下降(降落,消耗,减少)integrate intigreit【数学】作积分运算;求积分observation well,?bz?:vei ?n观测井,观测孔extraction ikstr?k? n n.抽出,取出,提取(法),萃取(法)derivation derivei ?n n. 1.导出,引(伸)出,来历,出处,得出,得到;诱导,推论,推理;溯源【数学】1)(定理的)求导,推导2)微商,微分,导数【语言】词源,衍生deplete dipli:t v. 耗尽,使衰竭refuse rifju:z
5、 n.废物,垃圾vt.拒绝,谢绝dump d?mp n.垃圾场,垃圾堆,堆存处vt.倾卸,倾倒(垃圾)unconfined aquifer潜水含水层,非承压含水层,无压含水层confined aquifer自流含水层,承压含水层homogeneous ,h ?m?ud ?i:nj ?s adj.同类的,相似的,均匀的,均相的;同种类的,同性质的;相同特征的Aquaclude不透水层,难渗透水的地层Offset ?:fset n.偏移量 抵销,弥补,分支,胶印,平版印刷,支管,乙字管Vt.弥补,抵销,用平版印刷vi.偏移,形成分支sophisticated s ?fistikeitid adj.
6、复杂的,需要专门技术的;诡辩的,久经世故的equilibrium ,i:kwilibri ?m n.平衡,土匀衡Water Supply (给水工程)A supply of water is critical to the survival of life, as we know it.(众所周知,水对生命的生存至关重要。) People need water to drink, animals need water to drink, and plants need water to drink.(人需(众所周知,水对生命的生存至关重要水,动物需要水,植物需要水)The basic func
7、tions of society require water:(社会的基本功能需要水:)cleaning for public health(公共卫生设施的冲洗),consumption for industrial processes (工业生产过程耗水),and cooling for electrical generation (电能生产过程的冷去 D . In this lesson, we discuss water supply in terms of:(在这里,我们从两方面讨论水的供给:)Groundwater supplies(地下水供给)Surface water suppl
8、ies(地表水供给)Groundwater is an important direct source of supply that is tapped by wells(地下水是通过打井而得至 U 的重要直接供水水源) ,as well as a significant indirect source since surface streams are often supplied by subterranean water.(也是有意义的间接供水水源,因为地表水会经常得到地下水的补给)Near the surface of the earth (靠近地表) ,in the zone of
9、aeration(在通气层内),soil pore spacescontain both air and water(土壤颗粒间隙同时包含空气和水).This zone, which may have zero thicknessin swamplands and be several hundred feet thick in mountainous regions, contains three types ofmoisture (这一地层,其厚度在沼泽地可能为零,在山区则可能厚达数百英尺,蕴涵三种类型的湿气).Aftera storm, gravity water is in trans
10、it through the larger soil pore spaces(暴雨之后, 水在重力的作用下透过土壤中较大的颗粒间隙).Capillary water is drawn through small pore spaces by capillary action and isavailable for plant uptake(在较小土壤颗粒缝隙中的水则由于毛细管作用上升而被植物吸收)Hygroscopic moisture is held in place by molecular forces during all except the driest climatic cond
11、itions(在不是最干燥的气候条件下,土壤湿气中的水蒸汽分子会因为分子间引力一范氏力而被土壤稳定下来).Moisture, from the zone of aeration cannot be tapped as a water supply source(地表通气层的湿气不能通过凿井方式作为供水水源).(地表通气层的湿气不能In the zone of saturation, located below the zone of aeration(位于通气层以下的饱和层),the soilpores are filled with water(土壤间隙中充满着水),and this is
12、what we call groundwater(这些水就是通常所称的地下水).A stratum that contains a substantial(充实的)amount of groundwater is called anaquifer (包含大量地下水的地层称为含水层).At the surface between the two zones(通气层和含水层相邻的边界),called the water table or phreatic surface(称为水位线或浅层地下水面),the hydrostaticpressure in the groundwater is eaua
13、l to the atmospheric pressure(地下水静压力与大气压力相等).Anaquifer may extend to great depths(含水层可达相当深度),but because the weight of overburdenmaterial generally closes pore spaces(但因为过多的地层压力会压缩土壤间隙),little water is found atdepths greater than 600m(2000ft) (深度超过 600m ,即 2000 英寸,就基本找不到地下水了).The amountof water that
14、 will drain freely from an aquifer is known as specific yield(若向含水层掘井,能够自 由出流的水量称为单位产水量).The flow of water out of a soil can be illustrated using Figure 1(从土壤中流动的水如图1 所示).Theflow rate must be proportional to the area through which flow occurs times the velocity(流量与流水面积和速率成正比),orQ=AvWhere (此式中)Q=flow
15、 rate , in m3/sec(流量,单位为 m3/s )A=area of porous material through which flow occurs, in m2(渗透性土壤的流水断面,单位为 m2 )v=superficial velocity, in m/sec(表征流速,单位为 m/s )The superficial velocity is of course not the actual velocity of the water in the soil(表征流速当然不是水在土壤中流动的真实速度),since the volume occupied by the so
16、il solid particles greatly reduces the(表征流速当然不available area for flow(因为土壤颗粒粒径极大地降低了水流通过的空间).If a is the area available forflow, then (如果a代表水的流经断面面积,那么)Q=Av=av /Where (此式中)5 =actual velocity of water flowing through the soil(水流在土壤中的真实流速)a=area available for flow(水的流经断面面积)Solving for v,(求解 vz ) vz =A
17、v/aIf a sample of soil is of some length L, then(如果土壤样品具有定长度)v7 =Av/a=AvL/(aL)=v/porosity(v/孔隙率)since the total volume of the soil sample is AL and the volume occupied by the water is aL.(因为总的土壤样品体积为 AL,实际的水流动空间则为aL)Water flowing through the soil at a velocity v / loses energy (水在以 vz 速度流动的过程中会损失能 量
18、),just as water flowing through a pipeline or an open channel does(这个道理与水在管道或明渠中流动是一样的).This energy loss per distance traveled is defined as(单位长度的水头损失定义为)energy lose (水头损失)=Ah/A LWhere (止匕式中)h=energy, measured as elevation of the water table in an unconfined aquifer or aspressure in a confined aquif
19、er, in m(水头,在非承压含水层中,即水位线;在承压含水层中,即压力;单位为m) TOC o 1-5 h z L=horizontal distance in direction of flow, in m(流水在水平方面上的长度,m)The symbol(delta) simply means “a change in, as in a change in leng暗号表示在某一 长度方向上出现白种变化)Thus this equation means that there is a change(loss) of energy, h, aswater flows through th
20、e soil some distance, L.(这个公式表示的是随着水在土壤间隙中的流动距离L, HYPERLINK l bookmark42 o Current Document 出现能量上的变化h)In an unconfined aquifer(在斗 承压含水层),the drop in the elevation of the water table with distance isthe slope of the water table in the direction of flow(沿流动距离下降的水头是一个沿水流方向的水位斜坡).The elevation of the wa
21、ter surface is the potential energy of the water(水位线的高度表示着水的势能),and water flows from a higher elevation to a lower elevation (水总是从高处流向低处) ,losing energy along the way (沿程损失能量) .Flow through a porous medium such as soil is related to the energy loss using the Darcy equation(水在类似于土壤的多孔性介质中流动时的水头损失按达西公
22、式计算)Q=KA( Ah/AL)Where (上式中)K=coefficient of permeability, in m/day (渗透系数, 单位为 m/d )A=cross-sectional area, in m2(过流断面面积,单位为 m2)The Darcy equation makes intuitive sense(达西公式给人带来的直观感觉是),in that the flow rate (Q)increases with increasing area (A) through which the flow occurs and with the drop in press
23、ure,Ah/AL. The greater the driving force ( the(在一定的水量和压力降条件下,过流面积越大,出水流量就越大). The greater the driving force ( the(驱动水的压力差越大指上下含水层间的不同水压,水的流量越大).The factor, K (系数 K) , is the coefficient of permeability(指渗透(驱动水的压力差越大指上下含性系数),an indirect measure of the ability of a soil sample to transmit water(土壤样品的透
24、水能力间接指标),can be measured by a permeameter shown in Figure 2(能够通过图 2所示的渗透测试仪测得)it varies dramatically for different soils(不同土壤的渗透系数相差很大),ranging from about 0.005m/dayfor clay (粘土仅 0.005m/d ) to over 5000m/day for gravel (砾石则超过 5000m/d ) . The coefficient of permeability is measured commonly in the la
25、boratory using permeameters(渗透系数一般在实验室通过渗透测试仪测得),which consist of a soil sample through which a fluid such as water is forced(渗透测试仪含有一些土壤样品,水在压力作用下通过它们).The flow rate is measured for a given driving force(difference in pressures) through a known area of soil sample(在已知的过流断面面积下, 测定不同驱动压力下水的流量),and th
26、e permeability calculated(然后通过计算得到渗透系数K).Lesson 2drainage ditch dreinid ? 排水沟shambles ?mblz 肉店,屠宰场,混乱的地方synonym sin ?nim n.同义词discard disk a :d;disk a Id舜,抛弃,放弃excrement ekskrim ?nt n.排泄物,粪便sewer sju ?;su: ? n.下水道,污水管,阴沟;.缝纫工具(如缝纫机、针线等);缝纫者storm sewer雨水管water closetkl ?zit盥洗室,厕所sanitary waste s?nit?
27、 ri生活废水combined sewer合流制下水道sanitary adj.1.关于健康的;卫生的,清洁的.关于卫生的;公共卫生的.提供健康的,提供卫生的n.公共厕所sanitary sewer生活污水管道separated sewer 分流制下水道sewerage sju ?rid?排水工程n. 1.排污,污水处理.下水道系统,排污系统;下水工程,污水工程.污水,污物.脏话,下流话;肮脏的想法easement i:zm ?nt n.缓和,减轻,方便;地役权perforated p?:f?reit 穿孔的;凿孔的creek kri:k小溪,小河,小湾,小港layout 规划,设计,布局图,
28、版面设计sewerage system 排水工程,排水系统conduit k ?ndit n.管道,导管,水管,沟渠;泉水,喷泉 (英音:k ?ndit美音:k a ndu?t)terrain terein n. 地带,地域,地形collecting sewer污水支管interceptor sewer int ?sept ?(r)截流管道,污水管截砂阱force main 压力干管cement siment 水泥outage autid ?停机,断电mi mi:英里,大音阶的第三音auxiliary ?:gzilj ?ri辅助的,补助的brickwork brikw ?:k n.砌砖dome
29、stic wastewater d?mestik生活废水,家庭污水brainchild指计划、想法、创作等脑力劳动的创造物euphemism ju:fimiz ?m n. 婉言,委婉的说法sink si?k 洗涤盆,污水池,接收器decree dikri: n.政令,法令 v.颁布 seep si:p v.渗出;渗漏manhole m?nh? ul进去检修的)检修孔,检修井,人孔manhole m?nh? ul进去检修的)检修孔,检修井,人孔n.(下水道,排水沟,锅炉等可容人10cracking kr?ki? n.破裂,裂化;分裂,分解 detrimental ,detrimentl adj.
30、有害的Lesson 3concentration ,k ?nsentrei ?n n.集中,专心,浓度,浓缩definitive difinitiv最后的,确定的,权威性的milli- mili词头毫,千分之一extract ikstr?kt vt.提炼,提取,萃取sloppy sl?pi adj.湿透的,水多的,液体的;草率的,粗心大意的residue rezidju:残留物,剩余物TDS (the total dissolved solids ) 总溶解性固体TSS (the total suspended solids )总悬浮性固体filtration filtrei ?n n.过滤f
31、iltrate filtreit v.过滤,筛选n.滤(出)液nominal n ?minl adj.名义上的,有名无实的,名字的,名词性的,公称的,额定的hydrogen haidr ?d?n haidr ?ud?n n.氢ion ai ?n n.离子dissociate dis ?u?eit v. 分离,游离,分裂11hydroxyl haidr ?ksil n.【化学】羟基,氢氧基acidic ?sidik adj. 酸的,酸性的dearth d?: 0 n.缺乏,粮食不足,饥谨basic beisik n.基本,要素,基础adj.基本的,碱性的product pr ?d?kt n.产品
32、,成果,乘积logarithm l?g?ri 0 m n.【数学】对数electrode ilektr ?d n.【电学】电极;发射极;集电极hydrogen ion activity氢离子活性(度)indicator indikeit ? n.指示器,指示剂,指示菌,指示基因aquatic ?kw?tik adj.1.水的,水上的,水生的;水栖的 n.水生动物,水草organism ?:g?niz?m n.生物体,有机体disinfection ,disinfek ?in.消毒mine drainage 矿山排水sulfuric acid s?lfju ?rik 硫酸alkalinity ,
33、?lk? lin?ti n.【化学】碱性;碱度buffering capacity b ?f?缓冲能力carbonate k a :b?neit n.,碳酸盐bicarbonate baik a :b?nit n.【化学】碳酸氢盐,酸式碳酸盐,重碳酸盐CO2(Carbon dioxide) dai ?ksaid n.二氧化物Titrate taitreit vt., vi.【化学】滴定 n.【化学】被滴定液calcium carbonate k?lsi? m碳酸钙DO (dissolved oxygen) 溶解氧12vt.1.用刺网捕(鱼)gill gil d ?il n.腮,腮下肉,峡谷,峡
34、流,银 salinity s ?liniti n.含盐量,咸度,盐浓度 ,vt.1.用刺网捕(鱼)odor ?ud? n.气味,名声iodo- ai?ud?; ai ?d?u(构词成分)碘,碘代titration taitrei ?n n.滴定BOD (biochemical oxygen demand)生化需氧量microorganism maikr ?:g?niz(?)m n.【微生物学】微生物macteria b?kti? ri? n.细菌decomposable ,di:k ?mp ?z?bl adj.可分解的decomposition ,di:k ?mp?zi?i n.1.腐败,腐烂
35、 2.分解(作用)oxidation ?ksidei ?n n.氧化stabilize steibilaiz v.稳定 vt. 1.使稳定,保持 的稳定;使稳固,使安定:COD (chemical oxygen demand) 化学需氧量drawback dr ?:,b?k n.缺点,障碍decompose ,di:k ?mp?uz vt.1.分解,使分解,使腐烂cellulose seljul ?us n.纤维素dichromate daikr ?umeit n.【化学】重铭酸盐nitrogen naitr ?d?n n.氮reduced state 还原态carbonaceous k a
36、:b?nei?s adj.【化学】碳的,碳质的,含碳的lignin lignin n.木质素nutrient nju:tri ?nt adj.营养的,滋养的n.营养物,营养品13fractionate fr?k? neit vt.1.把分成几部分 2.【化学】分储,分级 particulate p?tikjulit, -leit n.1.微粒;颗粒; adj.微粒的;颗粒的;粒子状的biodegradable ,bai ?udi g reid?bl adj.生物可降解的ferment f?:m?nt n.酵素,发酵,动乱v.使发酵,发酵,动乱VFAs (volatile fatty acids
37、) v?l?tail 挥发性脂肪酸Lesson 4wastewater weistw ?:t? n.废水generation ,d ?en?rei?n n.产生,【世】代,residence rezid ?ns n. 居住,住处mutagenic ,mju:t ?d?enik adj.诱变的,致诱变的septic septik adj.腐败的,败血病的,脓毒性的n.腐败物malodorous m?l? ud?r?s adj.有臭味的,不合法的dwell dwel v.居住,细说;carcinogenic k a :sin?d?nik adj.致癌物(质)的dry weather flow 卞古
38、季流量catch basin集水池,截流井,雨水口14overland flow地表径流,地面水流subcatchment n.子流域,支流集水区rainfall reinf?:l n.雨量,降雨;降雨量,降水量subsurface s?bs?:fis adj.表面下的;海面(或水平)下的;地表下的effluent eflu ?nt adj.流出的n.流出物,废水,污水,排水渠discharge n.流量,排放物,排出,排放overflow ?uv?fl?u n.溢流term t ?:m n.学期,期间,条款,条件,术语 ,contaminant k?nt?min? ntn.污染物,致污物pr
39、eliminary treatment prilimin ?ri预处理rag r?g n.抹布,碎屑,破布,碎布,石板瓦,破旧衣服grit grit n.砂砾,粗砂石primary treatment praim ?ri 初级处理n.构成要素;成分,组分n.构成要素;成分,组分stick stik n.棍,棒 floatable fl ?ut?bl adj.可漂浮的,可浮起的15grease gri:s n.油月旨ancillary ?nsil? ri adj.辅助的,附属的secondary treatment二级处理tertiary treatment t ?:?ri三级处理chemica
40、l precipitation pri,sipitei ?n 化学沉淀anaerobic ?ne? r?ubik adj.厌氧的lagoon l ?gu:n n.污水塘,氧化塘,曝气塘,环礁,泻湖(位于陆地与障壁岛之间的半封闭水体)advanced oxidation高级氧化membrane filtration membrein 膜滤breakpoint chlorination ,kl?:rinei ?i折点加氯denitrification di:naitrifikei?n n.脱氮作用,反硝化作用air stripping stripi?空气吹脱,气提ion exchange离子交换c
41、hlorine dioxide kl ?:ri:n二氧化氯ozone ?uz?un n. 臭氧colloidal k ?l?idl adj.【化学】胶质的;胶态的;胶体的volatile organic compounds (VOC) v?l?tail挥发性有机化合物chemical scrubber (skr?b?【化学】洗涤器;涤气器,净洗器)化学洗涤塔biofilter 生物滤池compost k?mp ?stn.混合月巴料,堆月巴advanced treatment 高级处理innovative in ?uveitiv adj.革新的,创新的;富有革新精神的;新颖的16eutrophi
42、cation ju:,tr ?fikei ?n n.富营养化作用amendment ?mendm ?nt n. 改善,改良,改正harbor h a :b? n.海港,避难所v.庇护,隐藏,藏匿aging eid ?i? n.衰老,老化,陈化infrastructure infr ?str?kt? n.下部构造,下部组织,基础结构,基础设施nonpoint source n?np?int非点源point source 点源retrofit retr?,fit n. & v.改型,改进renewal rinju: ?l n.更新,革新,复兴;续借undersized ?nd?saizdadj.小
43、于一般尺寸的;小型的;不够大的;比较矮小的vitrified vitrifaid adj. 陶瓷的,玻璃化的,上釉的,陶化的mortar m?:t? n.砂浆,灰浆,胶泥 v.用灰泥涂抹,用灰泥结合exfiltration ,eksfiltrei ?i n.漏出(渗漏),渗出transmissivity tr?nzmisiviti n.透射比,透射率,透射系数gene d ?i:n n.【遗传学】(遗传)基因,遗传因子ballast b?l? st n.整流器,压舱物,道硝byproduct bai,pr ?d?kt n.副产品channelization 管道化interceptor int
44、?sept ?(r)截砂阱n.1.拦截;阻止者;障碍物;拦截器;遮断器upgrade ?pgreid n.升级,上升,上坡vt.提高(等级),提升,浓缩gastrointestinal tract ,g?str? uintest ?nl胃肠道17oocyst ?u?,sist n.【生物学】卵囊cryptosporidium ,kript ?usp ?ridi?m n.【生物学】隐抱子虫(属)cryptosporidium parvum小隐抱子虫pfiesteria piscicida 幽灵藻pasture p a :st? n.牧地,草原,牧场feedlotfi:dl ?t n.饲育场,饲养
45、场triggertrig ? vt.引发,引起,触发vortex separator v ?:teks 旋流分离器membrane bioreactor膜生物反应器ultrafiltration ,?ltr?filtrei ?i n.超滤reverse osmosis ?zm ?usis n. 反渗透ultraviolet radiation ?ltr?vai ?lit n.紫外线辐射headworks hedw ?:k n.渠首工程,脑力劳动,准备工作Lesson 5fine screen 细格栅,细筛18coarse screenk?:s粗格栅,粗筛microscreen微孔筛网paral
46、lel bar p?r? lel平行棒grating greiti? 栅栏,栅,格栅wire mesh wai? me?金属丝网,铁丝网,钢丝网perforated plate p ?:f?reit pleit穿孔板,多孔板standby 备用bypass旁路,旁通管in lieu of lju:代替fillet filit n.圆角,凸起,缘边,嵌条chain n.链条reciprocating risipr ?keiti? adj.往复的,来回的rake reik 耙子,齿耙catenary k?ti:n ?ri adj. & n.悬链线;悬链线的trough tr?:f n.槽,水槽ra
47、gged r?gid adj.粗糙的,衣衫褴褛的,刺耳的jam d ?m n.堵塞,拥挤hinge hind ? n.钱链,SI units(Systeme International ) 国际标准单位approach velocity vil ?siti 行近流速headloss水头损失cogwheel k?gwi:l n.【机械学】齿轮19carryover n.携带,带出,遗留,遗留物sprocket spr ?kit n.【机械学】链齿,链轮hook huk n.钩;挂钩,吊钩protrude pr?tru:d伸出,突出grit chamber 沉砂池stringy stri?i ad
48、j.线,绳的,纤维的slide slaid n. 滑,滑动,幻灯片recess rises 凹槽,凹座,凹进处sluice slu:s n. 水闸,泄水管,水力冲泄debris debri:,deib- n.碎片,残骇,悬浮泥沙,推移质parshall p a :?l巴歇尔氏测流量装置wetwell 湿井,吸水井turbulence t?:bjul ?ns n. 1.混乱,动乱,骚乱,骚动2.【航海学】(水流的)湍流,紊流,(液体或气体的)紊乱eddy edi n.旋转,漩涡trapezoidal ,tr?piz? id?l梯形的dislodge disl ?d?移动,取出,清除hopper
49、h ?p?斗仓,进料斗,加料斗pneumatic nj u(:)m?tik n.气胎;adj.装满空气的,有气胎的,汽力的,气压的,气动的grinder graind ? n.磨碎机,研磨机,磨床shred ?ed n.碎片,破片;v.撕碎,切碎20air diffuser difju:z ?气体扩散器flume flu:m n.水槽,斜槽,渡槽,水道;引水沟grind graind v.,磨碎,碾碎,折磨Lesson 6Neutralize nju:tr ?laiz v.使中和,压制silt silt n.淤泥,残渣,煤粉,泥沙barrier b?ri? n.界线,屏障,障碍物,势垒,潜堰c
50、ollide k?laid v.碰撞,抵触charge neutralization 电中和floc fl?k n.絮体flocculation fl ?kjulei ?Z n.絮凝作用cation k?tai? n正离子,阳离子trivalent traiveil ?nt adj.【化学】三价的monovalent ,m ?n?uveil ?nt adj.【化学】一价的,单价的repulsive force rip ?lsiv 排斥力alum ?l? m n.明矶,矶aluminum sulfate ,?ljumini?m, ,?l? mini ?m s?lfeit硫酸铝21oxide ?k
51、said n.氧化物硫酸铝21hydroxide haidr ?ksaid n.【化学】氢氧化物complex k?mpleks n.复合体,配合物,络合物sticky stiki adj.粘的,粘性的slipping plane slipi?滑动面surface charge表面电荷Brownian motion 布朗运动bombardment b?mb a :dm?nt n. 袭击approximation ?,pr?ksimei ?i n.接近,近似side reaction 副反应potential determining ions决定电位离子electrolyte ilektr ?l
52、ait n.电解物,电解质,电解液polyelectrolyte ,p?liilektr ?u,lait n.【化学】聚合(物)电解质;高(分子)电解质aggregation ?grigei? n n.,聚合,集合体hydrolyzed metal ions水解金属离子coagulant k?gj? l?nt n.混凝剂flocculant fl?kjul ?nt n.絮凝剂destabilize di:steibilaiz vt.脱稳, 使.不稳定synthetic organic polymer sin 0 eti哈成有机聚合物ferric ferik adj.铁的,含铁的,三价铁的pre
53、hydrolized预水解的polyaluminum chloride聚合氯化铝polyiron chloride ,p?liai?n 聚合氯化铁22granular gr?njul? adj,粒状的microflocculation 异向絮凝,微絮凝macroflocculation m?kr? u同向絮凝orthokinetic flocculation ?: 0 kainetik同向絮凝作用perikinetic flocculation ,perikainetik异向絮凝作用overtake ?uv?teik vt. 赶上,追上blur bl ?: v.使模糊 弄污flexibilit
54、y ,fleks ?biliti n.弹性,适应性,机动性,挠性,灵活性 ,ellipsoid ilips ?id n.椭圆体prolate pr?uleit adj.扁长的,扩展的oblate ?bleit adj.扁圆形的,扁球形的,椭圆的coil k?il n.线团,卷曲,线圈,绕组fractal fr?kt? l(分开学中)不规则碎片形hydrophobic ,haidr ?uf?ubik adj.【化学】疏水的,憎水的hydrophilic ,haidr ?ufilik adj.亲水性的surface-active agent s?:fis?ktiv 表面活性剂synthetic d
55、etergent sin 0 etikdit?:d? 合成清洁剂dyestuff daist ?f n.染料,染色剂;染液micelle misel; mai- n.【化学、物理学、生物学】胶粒;胶束,胶囊;微团;微胞;胶态分子团;胶态离子composition k?mp?zi?in.作文,著作,组织,合成物,成份isomorphous replacement ais ?um ?:f?s 同晶转换structural imperfectionstr?kt?r?l ,imp ?fek?n 结构性缺陷23ionization ,ai ?naizei ?in.离子化,电离;【化学】电离作用latti
56、ce structure l?tis晶格结构inert in?:t adj.惰性的,迟钝的hydroxyl ion haidr ?ksil 氢氧离子,羟离子carboxyl k a :b?ksil n.竣基amnio ?mni? u adj.氨基的isoelectric point ,ais ?uilektrik 等电点counterion kaunt ?ai?n n.带相反电荷的离子,抗衡离子,补偿离子electrostatic forces 静电力van der Waals forcesw?:lz范德华力thermal agitation 热搅动diffuse layer difju:z扩
57、散层compact layer (Stern) 压缩层cloud of ions 电子 云zeta potential zi:t ? Z 电位Nernst potential n?nst能斯特电位Lesson 724sedimentation ,sedimentei ?in.沉淀,沉降accelerated gravity settling ?ksel ?reitid 回速重力沉降ballasted flocculent settling b?l? st 加重絮凝沉淀tube settler setl ? 斜管沉淀池frictionalfrik?i?ladj.摩擦的,摩擦力的drag coef
58、ficient k?uifi ?it阻力系数flocculent settling 絮凝沉降coalesce ,k?u?les v.凝聚,聚结,合并,联合,接合ballasting agent b?l?sti? 加重剂hindered settling hind ?干扰沉降,拥挤沉降compression settling压缩沉降specific gravity sp?sifik 比重laminar l?min? adj. 层(状、流)的; 层的(薄层的,分层的,turbulent t?:bjul ?nt紊流的transitional tr?nzi? n?l adj.过渡的kinematic
59、,kainim?tik adj.运动学的,运动学上的Reynolds number ren ?ldz雷诺数Iterative it ?r?tiv; -reit- adj.重复的;反复的;迭代的inertial forces in?:?惯性力overflow rate 溢流率surface loading 表面负荷discrete particle settling diskri:t p a :tikl离散颗粒沉降25detention time diten ?i滞留时间,停留时间 trajectory tr?d? ikt?ri, tr?d?ek?t?ri n.轨道,弹道,轨线settling
60、column k?l?m沉降柱Lesson 8elevated tank eliveitid 高位水池,高架水箱frictional resistance 摩擦阻力sieve analysis siv筛分析cumulative percent kju:mju,leitiv累计百分数grain grein细粒,颗粒backwashing 反冲洗cutaway k?t?,wei剖面图false f?:ls人工的jolt d?ult n. &v. 摇晃crush kr ? vt.压碎,碾碎supplemental ,s?plimentl adj.补充的,增补的gullet g?lit . n.沟;排
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